Caustic Esophageal Burns endoscopy

BACKGROUND: Ingestion and aspiration of caustic substances is a common problem in pediatrics and carries the risk of associated aspiration pneumonitis, laryngeal injury, and esophageal injury. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used to support adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from aspiration of cement dust, however, literature outlining pediatric management in cases of alkali lung and airway injuries is lacking. CASE SUMMARY: A 6-year-old boy presented with ARDS from cement aspiration requiring high-pressure ventilation...

BACKGROUND: The management of caustic esophageal burns in the pediatric population has changed over the years, while the most optimal management with regards to effectiveness, availability, and cost-beneficent stays controvertible. AIM: To describe how to utilize a chest tube for esophageal stenting in pediatrics. METHODS: Data regarding the etiology, treatment, and complications of caustic injury in pediatrics over 10 years was collected retrospectively...

Corrosive substance ingestion is a very serious home accident, mostly common in developing countries. It frequently causes esophageal burns in the acute stage and esophageal stricture, stenosis, and even cancer in the chronic stage. Severe cases of caustic esophagitis may require esophageal replacement. We describe a case of balloon endoscopy dilation in a two-year-old girl with a severe stricture of the esophagus resulting from accidental ingestion of a corrosive substance (strong alkaline liquid) which helped the patient preserve the esophagus and prevent esophageal replacement...

Introduction and importance: No case has been reported regarding esophago-gastrectomy due to caustic chemicals in the literature. Case presentation: The first case was a 43-year-old woman with BMI 28.5. After one month of taking a weight loss drug called HERBAL, the patient experienced vomiting, and signs of progressive dysphagia, while being unable to eat any solid food. Endoscopy results revealed many scars causing the narrowing of the esophagus, starting from the upper third of the esophagus, 25cm from the dental arch...

Breathing lime is used in closed circuit and semi-closed circuit rebreathers (CCR/SCR) for technical diving. Similar to the use in anesthesia systems, the lime usually contains hydroxycarbamide, which can react to caustic soda under the influence of water. The ingestion of components of the soda lime can lead to burns of the esophageal mucosa with the formation of colliquation necrosis and the danger of esophageal perforation. Early endoscopy is essential in this case to assess the consequences of ingestion...

OBJECTIVES: Children experience serious gastrointestinal tract injuries due to consumption of caustic agents more often than adults. The aim of the study was to analyze diagnostic methods and treatment of children with esophageal burns according to the degree of the injury. METHODS: Our one-center population-based retrospective cohort study included 150 children admitted between 1967 and 2018 to Clinic of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Phoniatrics and Audiology of University Children's Hospital in Lublin, Poland, due to the chemical burn of the mouth, throat, larynx, and esophagus...

BACKGROUND: Caustic ingestion in pediatrics is a common cause of visits to the Emergency Department. An indiscriminate use of cleaning chemicals and an easy access to them are determining factors for these injuries. POPULATION AND METHODS: Descriptive, analytical study. Children aged < 16 years hospitalized between January 1998 and December 2017 were included. The ingested caustic substance was identified as acid or alkaline. A gastrointestinal endoscopy was done to establish the burn grade...

BACKGROUND: This study systematically reviewed etiology, prevalence, treatment and outcome of Barrett's esophagus (BE) in the pediatric population. METHODS: PubMed® was searched for terms "Barrett's esophagus" and "children". End points were age of patients, etiology, association with other syndromes, treatment, incidence of carcinoma and outcome. This review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Data were collected, entered and analyzed into a Microsoft Excel® spreadsheet database...

Children inevitably swallow foreign material accidentally or intentionally. Each type of ingestion carries their own set of risks and complications, short and long term, some requiring immediate attention while others close monitoring. Alkalotic household cleaning products and lithium button batteries are increasingly common and damage the esophagus quickly. While many toys with rare-earth metals are banned, they are already present in many households and can cause necrosis of bowel that is between the magnets...

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of nonoperative treatment of esophageal perforation (EP) in children with octreotide is highlighted. METHODS: Records of nine patients (seven boys and two girls with an average age of 5.83 ± 5.35 years) with EP were reviewed. RESULTS: EP developed in six patients during dilation of esophageal stenosis (five of six caused by caustic burns). In the other three patients, EP developed after nasogastric placement, after endotracheal intubation, and during endoscopy for foreign body...

Esophageal or gastric injuries secondary to caustic substance ingestion is still an important issue in developing countries. Its clinical spectrum can vary from absence of mucosal injury to complications such as severe burns, strictures and perforation. Physical examination and first endoscopic evaluation are very important in the diagnosis. The objective of this study is to present 154 children who were undergone upper gastrointestinal endoscopy because of caustic substance ingestion including descaler, degreaser, unlabeled bleach, drain opener, surface cleaner, dishwasher rinse aid, hydrochloric acid...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the predictability of the initial endoscopic evaluation of the effectiveness of endoscopic balloon dilatation (EBD) in childhood esophageal strictures caused by corrosive ingestion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Medical records of 635 endoscopies caused by corrosive ingestion between January 2000 and December 2015 in children between the ages of 0 and 18 years were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, five children with grade 2a and 15 with grade 2 b who developed esophageal strictures were evaluated for the effectiveness of endoscopic balloon dilatation...

PURPOSE: We aimed to determine the incidence of esophageal strictures in corrosive ingestions and potential predictors of severe injury. BASIC PROCEDURES: This was a retrospective cohort study of corrosive ingestions from a toxicology unit (1987-2013) with telephone follow-up at least 1 y post-ingestion. Clinical data and investigations were obtained from a toxicology admission database. The primary outcome was esophageal stricture. Other outcomes included in-hospital mortality, endoscopy grade and early complications...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Caustic substance ingestion (CSI) remains a major health issue, particularly in developing countries, where laws are not effectively enforced. This review offers a thorough analysis of the current epidemiology, clinical features, management, treatment, and long-term complications of CSI in children. RECENT FINDINGS: Strong alkalis sold in liquid and granular forms, particularly crystalline grease cleaners (concentrated sodium hydroxide), are the principal causes of severe oesophageal damage...

BACKGROUND/AIM: TO examine esophageal and gastric lesions in children due to the ingestion of alkali and acid corrosive substances and to emphasize all related complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The reports of 103 children who ingested or were suspected to have ingested corrosive substances and who then underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopic inspections were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: Of the patients, the mean age was 41 ± 3...

INTRODUCTION: Corrosive ingestions are common, although most ingestions do not result in clinically significant effects. Limited guidance is available on the role of endoscopy and/or computerised tomography (CT) in the investigation of individuals with corrosive ingestion, and the present data regarding predictors of poor outcome are confusing. Furthermore, whilst there are many case series describing the use of endoscopy in corrosive ingestions, no clear ideal time frame has been established as to when it should be undertaken...

BACKGROUND: Esophagectomy is the standard of care for high-grade corrosive esophageal necrosis as assessed endoscopically. However, the inaccuracy of endoscopy in determining the depth of intramural necrosis may lead to unnecessary esophageal resection, with devastating consequences. Our aim was to evaluate the use of computed tomography (CT) for the emergency diagnostic workup of endoscopic high-grade corrosive esophageal necrosis. METHODS: In a before (2000-2007)/after (2007-2012) study of patients with grade 3b endoscopic esophageal necrosis, we compared outcomes after routine emergency esophagectomy versus selection for emergency esophagectomy based on CT evidence of transmural necrosis, defined as at least two of the following: esophageal-wall blurring, periesophageal-fat blurring, and the absence of esophageal-wall enhancement...

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INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to present our patients with corrosive ingestion retrospectively, to analyze the validity of clinical signs as predictors of outcome, and to emphasize the necessity of esophagogastroduodenoscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were evaluated from the medical records of patients admitted at the Mother and Child Health Care Institute, Serbia over a 10-year period. RESULTS: A total of 176 children, mean age 36...

BACKGROUND: Balloon dilatation of benign esophageal strictures is an established mode of therapy in adults and children. There remains a group of patients with refractory stenosis despite dilatation at regular intervals. An indwelling balloon catheter may offer an alternative. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 19 children who underwent esophagoscopy between 2004 and 2012 with placement of an indwelling balloon catheter for refractory esophageal stenosis...