C2c2

BACKGROUND: The harmful effect of alcohol on the immune system may be due to both a direct action of the alcohol or its metabolites on immune cells as an indirect action modifying the different mechanisms of intercellular interaction. The interplay between stimulatory (aKIR) and inhibitory (iKIR) natural killer (NK) cell receptors and their corresponding human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ligands influences the outcome of virus infection. The aim was to analyze the influence of the KIR/HLA pair genetic profile in male alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) patients with and without viral infections to find susceptibility biomarkers that can help establish the risks and prevent viral infections...

Plant-specific YABBY transcription factors play an important role in lateral organ development and abiotic stress responses. However, the functions of the YABBY genes in quinoa remain elusive. In this study, twelve YABBY ( CqYAB ) genes were identified in the quinoa genome, and they were distributed on nine chromosomes. They were classified into FIL/YAB3, YAB2, YAB5, INO, and CRC clades. All CqYAB genes consist of six or seven exons, and their proteins contain both N-terminal C2C2 zinc finger motifs and C-terminal YABBY domains...

The CRISPR/Cas system comprises RNA-guided nucleases, the target specificity of which is directed by Watson-Crick base pairing of target loci with single guide (sg)RNA to induce the desired edits. CRISPR-associated proteins and other engineered nucleases are opening new avenues of research in crops to induce heritable mutations. Here, we review the diversity of CRISPR-associated proteins and strategies to deregulate genome-edited (GEd) crops by considering them to be close to natural processes. This technology ensures yield without penalties, advances plant breeding, and guarantees manipulation of the genome for desirable traits...

BACKGROUND: Wood is a secondary xylem generated by vascular cambium. Vascular cambium activities mainly include cambium proliferation and vascular tissue formation through secondary growth, thereby producing new secondary phloem inward and secondary xylem outward and leading to continuous tree thickening and wood formation. Wood formation is a complex biological process, which is strictly regulated by multiple genes. Therefore, molecular level research on the vascular cambium of different tree ages can lead to the identification of both key and related genes involved in wood formation and further explain the molecular regulation mechanism of wood formation...

Decompensated cirrhosis is the most common cause of ascites due to hemodynamic and renal alteration by continuous fluid leakage from the hepatic sinusoids and splanchnic capillaries into the interstitial space. Then, fluid leakage exceeds lymphatic return, leading to progressive fluid accumulation directly into the peritoneal cavity. Alcohol consumption is one of the main risks of developing alcoholic cirrhosis (AC), but not all AC patients develop ascites. Avoiding the development of ascites is crucial, given that it deteriorates prognosis and increases the patient mortality patient...

Seed aging, a common physiological phenomenon during forage seed storage, is a crucial factor contributing to a loss of vigor, resulting in delayed seed germination and seedling growth, as well as limiting the production of hay. Extensive bodies of research are dedicated to the study of seed aging, with a particular focus on the role of the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ensuing oxidative damage during storage as a primary cause of decreases in seed vigor. To preserve optimal seed vigor, ROS levels must be regulated...

The small plant-specific YABBY gene family plays key roles in diverse developmental processes in plants. Dendrobium chrysotoxum , D. huoshanense , and D. nobile are perennial herbaceous plants belonging to Orchidaceae with a high ornamental value. However, the relationships and specific functions of the YABBY genes in the Dendrobium species remain unknown. In this study, six DchYABBY s, nine DhuYABBY s, and nine DnoYABBY s were identified from the genome databases of the three Dendrobium species, which were unevenly distributed on five, eight, and nine chromosomes, respectively...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer with the second-highest mortality rate worldwide. microRNAs (miRNAs) of cancer-derived exosomes have shown promising diagnosis potential. Recent studies have shown the metastatic potential of a specific group of microRNAs called metastasis. Therefore, down-regulation of miRNAs at the transcriptional level can reduce metastasis probability. The aim of this bioinformatics research is targeting of miRNAs precursors using CRISPR-C2c2 (Cas13a) technique...

BACKGROUND: Natural killer (NK) cells are known to have cytotoxic effects mediated through killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and their cognate ligands. Role of KIRs in myeloma is yet unresolved. PATIENTS AND METHODS: KIR genotypes and ligands of 204 newly diagnosed MM patients are compared with 424 healthy subjects. Statistical analysis included t-test, chi-square and binary logistic regression. RESULTS: KIR ligands were significantly more (C2C2: 27...

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) techniques have been established for micropropagation or basic research related to plant development in many conifer species. The frequent occurrence of non-embryogenic callus (NEC) during SE has impose constraints on the application of somatic embryogenesis SE in Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr, but the potential regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed in embryogenic callus (EC) and NEC originating from a single immature zygotic embryo to better decipher the key molecular and metabolic mechanisms required for embryogenic potential maintenance...

Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum , as typical desert plants, show strong drought tolerance and environmental adaptability. They are ideal model plants for studying the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed to reveal the response mechanisms of H. ammodendron and H. persicum to a drought environment at the levels of transcription and physiological metabolism. The results showed that the morphological structures of H. ammodendron and H. persicum showed adaptability to drought stress...

Many mangrove forests have undergone major changes as a result of human activity and global climate change. Sonneratia caseolaris is a common tree located in inner mangroves, and its range extends inland along tidal creeks, as far as the influence of salinity extends. This study investigated the physiological and molecular response mechanisms of S. caseolaris by analyzing its antioxidant defense capacity, including its differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under similar salt stress conditions. Salt treatment significantly affected the osmoprotectants and lipid peroxidation in S...

The Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) is one of the major zoonosis pathogens, and it can cause acute myocarditis in young pigs or reproductive failure in sows. EMCV has been recognized as a pathogen infecting many species and causes substantial economic losses worldwide. Therefore, the development of a rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection of this virus is essential for the diagnosis and control of the EMCV-induced disease. The RNA-guiding, RNA-targeting CRISPR effector CRISPR/Cas13a (Cas13a, previously known as C2c2) exhibits a "collateral effect" of promiscuous RNase activity upon the target recognition...

The role of NK cell alloreactivity on outcomes after T cell-replete haploidentical donor transplantation (HIDT) remains uncertain. After transplantation, newly formed NK cells are licensed through interactions of donor inhibitory KIR (iKIR) and NKG2A receptors with their cognate ligands on recipient cells. Donor NKG2A recognizes HLA-E bound by recipient HLA class I leader peptides, a process requiring methionine (M) at position -21 of the leader sequence. An rs1050458C/T dimorphism results in approximately 40% of individuals expressing at least one copy of -21M HLA-B (M/M or M/T [M+]), allowing ligand expression...

CRISPR-Cas systems are well known gene editing tools, among which CRISPR-Cas9 system targeting DNA is the most well developed. Compared with CRISPR-Cas9 system, CRISPR-C2c2/ Cas13a system derived from TYPE VI of CRISPR family that can target RNA has attracted increasingly intense investigations in recent years. The CRISPR-Cas13a system is featured by specific recognition and binding of single stranded RNA sequences, thus playing a role in non-specific cleavage of RNA. This feature could be potentially applied to detect free nucleic acid in tumors or peripheral blood as a diagnostic approach...

Metabolic composition can have potential impact on several vital agronomic traits, and metabolomics, which represents the bioactive compounds in plant tissues, is widely considered as a powerful approach for linking phenotype-genotype interactions. However, metabolites related to cane traits such as sugar content, rind color, and texture differences in different sugarcane cultivars using metabolome integrated with transcriptome remain largely inconclusive. In this study, metabolome integrated with transcriptome analyses were performed to identify and quantify metabolites composition, and have better insight into the molecular mechanisms underpinning the different cane traits, namely, brix, rind color, and textures in the stems (S) and leaves (L) of sugarcane varieties FN41 and 165402...

Sucrose phloem unloading plays a vital role in photoassimilate distribution and storage in sink organs such as fruits and seeds. In most plants, the phloem unloading route was reported to shift between an apoplasmic and a symplasmic pattern with fruit development. However, the molecular transition mechanisms of the phloem unloading pathway still remain largely unknown. In this study, we applied RNA sequencing to profile the specific gene expression patterns for sucrose unloading in C. oleifera fruits in the apo- and symplasmic pathways that were discerned by CF fluoresce labelling...

In this study, we characterized the gene expression profile in the roots of Populus ussuriensis at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 120 h after the start of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced drought stress using PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT-seq) and Illumina RNA sequencing. Compared to the control, 2244 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and many of these DEGs were associated with the signal transduction, antioxidant system, ion accumulation and drought-inducing proteins. Changes in certain physiological and biochemical indexes, such as antioxidant activity and the contents of Ca2+ , proline, and total soluble sugars, were further confirmed in P...

The YABBY gene family is one of the plant transcription factors present in all seed plants. The family members were extensively studied in various plants and shown to play important roles in plant growth and development, such as the polarity establishment in lateral organs, the formation and development of leaves and flowers, and the response to internal plant hormone and external environmental stress signals. In this study, a total of 364 YABBY genes were identified from 37 Brassicaceae genomes, of which 15 were incomplete due to sequence gaps, and nine were imperfect (missing C2C2 zinc-finger or YABBY domain) due to sequence mutations...

Abscisic acid plays an important role in fruit development. However, the effect of ABA on fatty acid biosynthesis in oil palm is still unknown. In this study, ABA treatments (CK, A1-A4) were applied to oil palm fruit at 16 WAP (weeks after pollination), and fatty acids in the mesocarp at 24 WAP were analyzed by GC-MS. Results showed that linoleic acid content under treatment A2 (20 μM ABA) was significantly higher (slightly increased by 8.33%) than the control. Therefore, mesocarp samples of A2, and the control at 16, 20, and 24 WAP was sampled for RNA-Seq...