keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22363622/neonatal-periostin-knockout-mice-are-protected-from-hyperoxia-induced-alveolar-simplication
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paul D Bozyk, J Kelley Bentley, Antonia P Popova, Anuli C Anyanwu, Marisa D Linn, Adam M Goldsmith, Gloria S Pryhuber, Bethany B Moore, Marc B Hershenson
In bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), alveolar septae are thickened with collagen and α-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-positive myofibroblasts. Periostin, a secreted extracellular matrix protein, is involved in TGF-β-mediated fibrosis and myofibroblast differentiation. We hypothesized that periostin expression is required for hypoalveolarization and interstitial fibrosis in hyperoxia-exposed neonatal mice, an animal model for this disease. We also examined periostin expression in neonatal lung mesenchymal stromal cells and lung tissue of hyperoxia-exposed neonatal mice and human infants with BPD...
2012: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22290877/loss-of-tgf-%C3%AE-responsiveness-in-prostate-stromal-cells-alters-chemokine-levels-and-facilitates-the-development-of-mixed-osteoblastic-osteolytic-bone-lesions
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaohong Li, Julie A Sterling, Kang-Hsien Fan, Robert L Vessella, Yu Shyr, Simon W Hayward, Lynn M Matrisian, Neil A Bhowmick
Loss of TGF-β type II receptor (TβRII, encoded by Tgfbr2) expression in the prostate stroma contributes to prostate cancer initiation, progression, and invasion. We evaluated whether TβRII loss also affected prostate cancer bone metastatic growth. Immunohistologic analysis revealed that TβRII expression was lost in cancer-associated fibroblasts in human prostate cancer bone metastatic tissues. We recapitulated the human situation with a conditional stromal Tgfbr2 knockout (Tgfbr2-KO) mouse model. Conditioned media from primary cultured Tgfbr2-KO or control Tgfbr2-flox prostatic fibroblasts (koPFCM or wtPFCM, respectively) were applied to C4-2B prostate cancer cells before grafting the cells tibially...
April 2012: Molecular Cancer Research: MCR
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21767631/sympathetic-inhibition-of-il-6-ifn-%C3%AE-and-kc-cxcl1-and-sympathetic-stimulation-of-tgf-%C3%AE-in-spleen-of-early-arthritic-mice
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rainer H Straub, Luise Rauch, Lena Rauh, Georg Pongratz
OBJECTIVES: The connection between sympathetic nerve fibers and immune cells in the spleen is known. In the context of arthritis, the functional meaning of the neuroimmune contact remains unclear. From immunization until disease outbreak, the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) has a proinflammatory influence which is converted into an anti-inflammatory influence after disease outbreak. This study investigated the influence of neuronally released neurotransmitters on IFN-γ, KC (CXCL1), IL-6, and TGF-β in spleen of mice shortly after outbreak of collagen type II-induced arthritis...
November 2011: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/20854815/albumin-activates-the-canonical-tgf-receptor-smad-signaling-pathway-but-this-is-not-required-for-activation-of-astrocytes
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hantamalala Ralay Ranaivo, Fatima Patel, Mark S Wainwright
The use of albumin as a resuscitation fluid is considered safe for most critically ill patients. However, clinical data suggest albumin may increase mortality in neurotrauma, but improve outcome after stroke. Albumin has been shown to activate glia, and to play a role in the mechanisms of epileptogenesis via the TGFβ-receptor (TGFβR). We have previously shown that albumin induces the production of inflammatory mediators including IL-1β via activation of MAPK pathways in primary astrocytes and microglia. The extracellular signaling mechanisms leading to the activation of glial cells in response to albumin are not well understood...
December 2010: Experimental Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/20331977/astrocytes-modulate-the-chemokine-network-in-a-pathogen-specific-manner
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Clive S McKimmie, Gerard J Graham
Immune responses in the central nervous system (CNS) are carefully regulated. Despite the absence of most immune processes and a substantive blood brain barrier, potent immune responses form during infection and autoimmunity. Astrocytes are innate immune sentinels that ensheath parenchymal blood vessels and sit at the gateway to the CNS parenchyma. Viral and bacterial infections trigger the influx of distinct leukocyte subsets. We show that astrocytes alone are sufficient for distinguishing between these two main types of infection and triggers release of relevant chemokines that relate to the microbe recognised...
April 16, 2010: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/19940328/-th17-cells-in-the-pathogenesis-of-multiple-sclerosis
#26
REVIEW
Marek Juszczak, Andrzej Głabiński
Th17 cells are a recently described subset of T helper lymphocytes characterized by the production of IL-17 (IL-17A). Since their discovery in 2003, studies on Th17 cells have become increasingly popular among immunologists and they have emerged as key players in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and other autoimmune disorders traditionally attributed to Th1 cells. Murine Th17 lymphocytes differentiate from naive CD4+ cells in a specific cytokine environment, which includes TGF-b and IL-6 or IL-21, whereas human Th17 cell development requires TGF-beta, IL-1b, and IL-2 in combination with IL-6, IL-21, or IL-23...
October 23, 2009: Postȩpy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
https://read.qxmd.com/read/19451693/abrogation-of-tgf-beta-signaling-enhances-chemokine-production-and-correlates-with-prognosis-in-human-breast-cancer
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brian Bierie, Christine H Chung, Joel S Parker, Daniel G Stover, Nikki Cheng, Anna Chytil, Mary Aakre, Yu Shyr, Harold L Moses
In human breast cancer, loss of carcinoma cell-specific response to TGF-beta signaling has been linked to poor patient prognosis. However, the mechanisms through which TGF-beta regulates these processes remain largely unknown. In an effort to address this issue, we have now identified gene expression signatures associated with the TGF-beta signaling pathway in human mammary carcinoma cells. The results strongly suggest that TGF-beta signaling mediates intrinsic, stromal-epithelial, and host-tumor interactions during breast cancer progression, at least in part, by regulating basal and oncostatin M-induced CXCL1, CXCL5, and CCL20 chemokine expression...
June 2009: Journal of Clinical Investigation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/19050275/dendritic-cell-il-23-and-il-1-production-in-response-to-schistosome-eggs-induces-th17-cells-in-a-mouse-strain-prone-to-severe-immunopathology
#28
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Mara G Shainheit, Patrick M Smith, Lindsey E Bazzone, Andrew C Wang, Laura I Rutitzky, Miguel J Stadecker
Infection with schistosomes results in a CD4 T cell-mediated inflammatory reaction against parasite eggs that varies greatly in magnitude both in humans as well as in mice. In the murine disease, the severe form of immunopathology correlates with high levels of IL-17. We now report that live schistosome eggs stimulate dendritic cells from high pathology-prone CBA mice to produce IL-12p40, IL-6, and TGF-beta, whereas those from low pathology-prone BL/6 mice only make TGF-beta. Moreover, egg-stimulated dendritic cells plus naive CD4 T cells from CBA mice resulted in increased levels of IL-6, IL-23, IL-1beta, as well as IL-17 and the chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2, and CCL2, whereas similarly treated BL/6 cell cocultures instead expressed higher IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and the transcription factor Foxp3...
December 15, 2008: Journal of Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/18839424/lactobacillus-casei-downregulates-commensals-inflammatory-signals-in-crohn-s-disease-mucosa
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marta Llopis, Maria Antolin, Monica Carol, Natalia Borruel, Francesc Casellas, Cristina Martinez, Eloy Espín-Basany, Francisco Guarner, Juan-R Malagelada
BACKGROUND: The interaction of commensal bacteria with the intestinal immune system is an essential factor in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The study of isolated commensal bacteria's effects on the mucosal immune response might be relevant for a better understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms in IBD. METHODS: We investigated the immune responses to signals from the commensal Escherichia coli ATCC 35345 and the probiotic Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 in Crohn's disease (CD) mucosa...
February 2009: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/18836137/role-of-the-chemokine-receptor-cxcr2-in-bleomycin-induced-pulmonary-inflammation-and-fibrosis
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Remo C Russo, Rodrigo Guabiraba, Cristiana C Garcia, Lucíola S Barcelos, Ester Roffê, Adriano L S Souza, Flávio A Amaral, Daniel Cisalpino, Geovanni D Cassali, Andrea Doni, Riccardo Bertini, Mauro M Teixeira
Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by chronic inflammation and excessive collagen deposition. Neutrophils are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. We hypothesized that CXCR2-mediated neutrophil recruitment is essential for the cascade of events leading to bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. CXCL1/KC was detected as early as 6 hours after bleomycin instillation and returned to basal levels after Day 8. Neutrophils were detected in bronchoalveolar lavage and interstitium from 12 hours and peaked at Day 8 after instillation...
April 2009: American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/18778361/b-cells-are-involved-in-the-modulation-of-pathogenic-gut-immune-response-in-food-allergic-enteropathy
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
C R Cardoso, P R Provinciatto, D F Godoi, T S Vieira, B R Ferreira, G Teixeira, M A Rossi, F Q Cunha, J S Silva
Food enteropathies involve uncontrolled or hypersensitivity reactions to ingested nutrients and may result in IgE and T-helper type 2 (Th2) responses as in food allergy. However, the precise role of B cells in the development of food enteropathies remains uncertain. In this work, we used B cell-deficient mice (B KO) and a model of peanut sensitization to examine the involvement of B lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of food allergy. Results showed that priming of wild-type (WT) mice with peanut proteins induced specific IgG1 and IgE responses in serum, with edema, tissue destruction, epithelial exulceration and inflammatory infiltrate in the gut of sensitized and challenged (S + Peanut) WT animals...
November 2008: Clinical and Experimental Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/18565769/exuberant-expression-of-chemokine-genes-by-adult-human-articular-chondrocytes-in-response-to-il-1beta
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
L J Sandell, X Xing, C Franz, S Davies, L-W Chang, D Patra
OBJECTIVE: To provide a more complete picture of the effect of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) on adult human articular chondrocyte gene expression, in contrast to the candidate gene approach. DESIGN: Chondrocytes from human knee cartilage were cultured in medium containing IL-1beta. Changes in gene expression were analyzed by microarray and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. The ability of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1), fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-18, and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) to alter the effects of IL-1beta was analyzed...
December 2008: Osteoarthritis and Cartilage
https://read.qxmd.com/read/18359536/vip-balances-innate-and-adaptive-immune-responses-induced-by-specific-stimulation-of-tlr2-and-tlr4
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alicia Arranz, Yasmina Juarranz, Javier Leceta, Rosa P Gomariz, Carmen Martínez
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory pathology, which develops as a result of innate immune signals, such as the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and adaptive immune signals, including Th1 cytokine release. We have recently demonstrated in TNBS-induced colitis, a murine model of CD, that VIP plays a homeostatic role, by reducing TNBS-induced TLR2 and TLR4 expression to control levels. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate for the first time, the physiological relevance of VIP specific control of innate and adaptive immune responses through TLR2 and TLR4 ligands...
June 2008: Peptides
https://read.qxmd.com/read/18339861/transforming-growth-factor-beta-regulates-mammary-carcinoma-cell-survival-and-interaction-with-the-adjacent-microenvironment
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brian Bierie, Daniel G Stover, Ty W Abel, Anna Chytil, Agnieszka E Gorska, Mary Aakre, Elizabeth Forrester, Li Yang, Kay-Uwe Wagner, Harold L Moses
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling has been associated with early tumor suppression and late tumor progression; however, many of the mechanisms that mediate these processes are not known. Using Cre/LoxP technology, with the whey acidic protein promoter driving transgenic expression of Cre recombinase (WAP-Cre), we have now ablated the type II TGF-beta receptor (T beta RII) expression specifically within mouse mammary alveolar progenitors. Transgenic expression of the polyoma virus middle T antigen, under control of the mouse mammary tumor virus enhancer/promoter, was used to produce mammary tumors in the absence or presence of Cre (T beta RII((fl/fl);PY) and T beta RII((fl/fl);PY;WC), respectively)...
March 15, 2008: Cancer Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/17684420/laser-capture-microdissection-microarray-analysis-of-focal-segmental-glomerulosclerosis-glomeruli
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael R Bennett, Kimberly A Czech, Lois J Arend, David P Witte, Prasad Devarajan, S Steven Potter
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease. In this report we used laser capture microdissection to purify diseased glomeruli, and microarrays to provide universal gene expression profiles. The results provide a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the disease process and suggest novel therapeutic strategies. Consistent with earlier studies, molecular markers of the differentiated podocyte, including WT1, nephrin, and VEGF, were dramatically downregulated in the diseased glomerulus...
2007: Nephron. Experimental Nephrology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/15922484/the-effect-of-therapeutic-hypothermia-on-the-expression-of-inflammatory-response-genes-following-moderate-traumatic-brain-injury-in-the-rat
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jessie S Truettner, Takamoto Suzuki, W Dalton Dietrich
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) initiates a cascade of cellular and molecular responses including both pro- and anti-inflammatory. Although post-traumatic hypothermia has been shown to improve outcome in various models of brain injury, the underlying mechanisms responsible for these effects have not been clarified. In this study, inflammation cDNA arrays and semi-quantitative RT-PCR were used to detect genes that are differentially regulated after TBI. In addition, the effect of post-traumatic hypothermia on the expression of selective genes was also studied...
August 18, 2005: Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/15582587/kc-chemokine-expression-by-tgf-beta-in-c3h10t1-2-cells-induced-towards-osteoblasts
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
D S Bischoff, J H Zhu, N S Makhijani, D T Yamaguchi
The effects of TGF-beta on expression of the platelet-derived growth factor-induced KC protein were explored in mouse mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 and pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells to identify a potential role for TGF-beta in expression of angiogenic cytokines during osteogenic differentiation. KC is a member of the CXC chemokine family with homology to human IL-8, a potent neutrophilic chemotactic cytokine. TGF-beta treatment results in increased KC mRNA and protein secretion in C3H10T1/2 induced towards the osteoblastic lineage with all-trans-retinoic acid...
January 14, 2005: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/14744893/effects-of-tgf-beta2-on-immune-response-related-gene-expression-profiles-in-the-human-corneal-endothelium
#38
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Satoru Yamagami, Seiichi Yokoo, Tatsuya Mimura, Shiro Amano
PURPOSE: To determine the effects of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta2 on immune-response-related gene expression profiles in the stimulated human corneal endothelium (HCE). METHODS: A human complementary DNA (cDNA) expression array analysis was used to investigate the effects of TGF-beta2 on cultured HCE incubated with interleukin (IL)-1alpha and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Gene-specific semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to examine the gene expression patterns revealed by the cDNA expression array analysis...
February 2004: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/12885847/differential-injury-responses-in-oral-mucosal-and-cutaneous-wounds
#39
COMPARATIVE STUDY
A M Szpaderska, J D Zuckerman, L A DiPietro
Oral mucosa heals faster than does skin, yet few studies have compared the repair at oral mucosal and cutaneous sites. To determine whether the privileged healing of oral injuries involves a differential inflammatory phase, we compared the inflammatory cell infiltrate and cytokine production in wounds of equivalent size in oral mucosa and skin. Significantly lower levels of macrophage, neutrophil, and T-cell infiltration were observed in oral vs. dermal wounds. RT-PCR analysis of inflammatory cytokine production demonstrated that oral wounds contained significantly less IL-6 and KC than did skin wounds...
August 2003: Journal of Dental Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/12356817/stimulation-and-inhibition-of-uveal-melanoma-invasion-by-hgf-gro-il-1alpha-and-tgf-beta
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julia K L Woodward, Shona R Elshaw, Anna K Murray, Carmel E Nichols, Neil Cross, David Laws, Ian G Rennie, Karen Sisley
PURPOSE: To investigate potential factors involved in uveal melanoma migration and invasion in vitro. METHODS: Using a microchemotaxis chamber, the effects were studied of a range of stimulators and inhibitors on a series of 10 primary uveal melanomas and 2 uveal melanoma cell lines, by assessing invasion through an 8- micro m pore membrane, precoated with an extracellular matrix solution. In addition, invasion in response to the effect of cells and conditioned media derived from the liver and other tissues was studied for one uveal melanoma culture, by using double-chambered wells, and invasion was assessed through an 8- micro m pore membrane, precoated with synthetic extracellular matrix...
October 2002: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
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