'Multiple Sclerosis'

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder distinguished by a swift cognitive deterioration accompanied by distinctive pathological hallmarks such as extracellular Aβ (β-amyloid) peptides, neuronal neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), sustained neuroinflammation, and synaptic degeneration. The elevated frequency of AD cases and its proclivity to manifest at a younger age present a pressing challenge in the quest for novel therapeutic interventions. Numerous investigations have substantiated the involvement of C/EBPβ in the progression of AD pathology, thus indicating its potential as a therapeutic target for AD treatment...

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune optic neuritis (ON) has improved with the accessibility and reliability of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody testing, yet autoantibody-negative ON remains common. This study describes the demographic, clinical, and outcome data in patients with isolated ON across the pediatric and adult cohort. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of University of Utah Health patients with the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code of ICD-9 377...

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammatory damage to the central nervous system. At present, the pathogenesis of the disease is unknown. There is a lack of few effective therapy medications available. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore the pathogenesis of this illness and develop potential therapeutic drugs. Dabrafenib is potential therapeutic medicine for nervous system disease. In this study, we preliminarily studied the possible mechanism of dabrafenib in the treatment of multiple sclerosis from the perspective of ferroptosis...

Exercise training (ET) should be a mainstay of comprehensive care in multiple sclerosis (MS), yet there is reluctance regarding its implementation among healthcare providers. This reluctance has its roots in the lack of evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that provide a neurobiological mechanism for beneficial outcomes. We argue that ET training is efficacious for improving mobility and cognitive dysfunction as hallmark consequences of MS, and propose an experimental medicine framework for guiding research focusing on CNS mechanisms-of-action for ET benefits...

OBJECTIVE: Electroencephalography (EEG) can highlight significant changes in spontaneous electrical activity of the brain produced by altered brain network connectivity linked to inflammatory demyelinating lesions and neuronal loss occurring in multiple sclerosis (MS). In this review, we describe the main EEG findings reported in the literature to characterize motor network alteration in term of local activity or functional connectivity changes in patients with MS (pwMS). METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to include articles with quantitative analyses of resting-state EEG recordings (spectrograms or advanced methods for assessing spatial and temporal dynamics, such as coherence, theory of graphs, recurrent quantification, microstates) or dynamic EEG recordings during a motor task, with or without connectivity analyses...

B and T cells collaborate to drive autoimmune disease (AID). Historically, B and T cell (B-T cell) co-interaction was targeted through different pathways such as alemtuzumab, abatacept, and dapirolizumab with variable impact on B cell depletion (BCD), whereas the majority of patients with AID including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and organ transplantation benefit from targeted BCD with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab, ocrelizumab or ofatumumab. Refractory AID is a significant problem for patients with incomplete BCD with a greater frequency of IgD-CD27+ switched memory B cells, CD19+CD20- B cells and plasma cells that are not directly targeted by anti-CD20 antibodies, whereas most lymphoid tissue plasma cells express CD19...

INTRODUCTION: Predicting the conversion of clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) to clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) is critical to personalizing treatment planning and benefits for patients. The aim of this study is to develop an explainable machine learning (ML) model for predicting this conversion based on demographic, clinical, and imaging data. METHOD: The ML model, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), was employed on the public dataset of 273 Mexican mestizo CIS patients with 10-year follow-up...

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease with a risk of reactivation in Multiple Sclerosis patients on immunosuppressant therapy. Diagnosis and treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) prevents the infection. OBJECTIVE: To diagnose and treat LTBI in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). METHODS: Cross-sectional study of the prevalence and treatment of LTBI in MS, between February 2021 and June 2023. LTBI was defined as an absence of symptoms, positive PPD or IGRA and normal chest X-ray...

BACKGROUND: CD20+ T cells represent up to 5% of circulating T lymphocytes. These cells have been shown to produce higher levels of IL-17A and IFN-γ than those of CD20-  T lymphocytes. Some reports described the role of CD20+ T cells in autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis possibly due to their ability to produce these inflammatory cytokines. This study is aimed at describing the behavior of CD20+ T lymphocytes in the most frequent autoimmune disorder, i...

INTRODUCTION: Generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) can be the result of several hereditary connective tissue disorders, especially Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Cerebrovascular manifestations are among the most common complications in this disorder, and understanding their extent can help better diagnosis and prevention of hazardous events. We investigated visual evoked potential (VEP) changes in patients with GJH and compared them with healthy individuals. METHODS: Our case-control study included 90 patients who fulfilled the Beighton score (B score) for joint hypermobility and other 90 healthy participants...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination has been associated with a dampened humoral and/or cellular immune response in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who were concurrently on disease-modifying treatment (DMT) with B-cell depleting agents or sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators (S1PRMs). Our main goal was to investigate the impact of these DMT classes on the clinical effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS: Since March 2020, demographics and clinical data of patients with MS who developed COVID-19 have been collected at the Belgian National MS Centre in Melsbroek...

Although B cells are implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathophysiology, a predictive or diagnostic autoantibody remains elusive. In this study, the Department of Defense Serum Repository (DoDSR), a cohort of over 10 million individuals, was used to generate whole-proteome autoantibody profiles of hundreds of patients with MS (PwMS) years before and subsequently after MS onset. This analysis defines a unique cluster in approximately 10% of PwMS who share an autoantibody signature against a common motif that has similarity with many human pathogens...

One cannot survive without regularly urinating and defecating. People with neurological injury (spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, stroke) or disease (multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, spina bifida) and many elderly are unable to voluntarily initiate voiding. The great majority of them require bladder catheters to void urine and "manual bowel programs" with digital rectal stimulation and manual extraction to void stool. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections frequently require hospitalization, while manual bowel programs are time-consuming (1-2 hours), stigmatizing, and cause rectal pain and discomfort...

UNLABELLED: Paediatric acquired demyelinating syndrome(ADS) constitute group of treatable disorders with acute neurologic dysfunction. Neuroimaging has played significant role in diagnosis of ADS. We describe clinico-radiologic spectrum, outcome and compare the groups Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Neuromyelitis-optica-spectrum disorder (NMOSD), clinically-isolated-syndrome (CIS), Multiple sclerosis (MS) and Myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein antibody associated disorders (MOGAD)...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical diagnosis and treatment of tumefactive multiple sclerosis (TMS). METHODS: Clinical data, laboratory and imaging examinations, and treatment of three patients with TMS were retrospectively analyzed. Data were further analyzed in relation to the literature. RESULTS: All three patients had acute or subacute onset with large lesions on imaging, which were difficult to differentiate from tumors. Two cases had relapses on follow-up and one case had a stereotactic biopsy...

BACKGROUND: Use of natalizumab (NTZ) is precluded in many Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients by the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Regardless, some patients may commence natalizumab for short term disease control in spite of being seropositive, and others may seroconvert whilst on treatment. In these circumstances, discontinuation of NTZ should not occur until a clear exit strategy is established to prevent post-NTZ disease reactivation, which often exceeds the severity of disease activity prior to NTZ treatment...

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and utilities of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients in Lebanon using generic and MS-specific QoL instruments, categorized by disease severity, and explored factors associated with HRQoL. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, retrospective HRQoL study collecting data through face-to-face interviews using the EQ-5D-5 L and the Multiple Sclerosis International Quality of Life (MusiQoL) questionnaires...

Annexins, a group of Ca2+ -dependent phospholipid-binding proteins, exert diverse roles in neuronal development, normal central nervous system (CNS) functioning, neurological disorders, and CNS tumors. This paper reviews the roles of individual annexins (A1-A13) in these contexts. Annexins possess unique structural and functional features, such as Ca2+ -dependent binding to phospholipids, participating in membrane organization, and modulating cell signaling. They are implicated in various CNS processes, including endocytosis, exocytosis, and stabilization of plasma membranes...

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors are an emerging class of therapeutics in multiple sclerosis (MS). BTK is expressed in B-cells and myeloid cells, key progenitors of which include dendritic cells, microglia and macrophages, integral effectors of MS pathogenesis, along with mast cells, establishing the relevance of BTK inhibitors to diverse autoimmune conditions. First-generation BTK inhibitors are currently utilized in the treatment of B-cell malignancies and show efficacy in B-cell modulation. B-cell depleting therapies have shown success as disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) in MS, highlighting the potential of BTK inhibitors for this indication; however, first-generation BTK inhibitors exhibit a challenging safety profile that is unsuitable for chronic use, as required for MS DMTs...

Gut microbiota has complex immune functions, related to different pathologies, including multiple sclerosis (MS).This study evaluated the influence of treatments on gut microbiota in people with MS (PwMS). The research comprised 60 participants, including 39 PwMS and 21 healthy controls (HC). Among the PwMS, 20 were prescribed a disease-modifying therapy (DMT), either interferon beta1a or teriflunomide, while 19 received a combination of classical DMT and an immunoglobulin Y (IgY) supplement. For each participant, two sets of gut samples were collected: one at the study's outset and another after two months...