Eosinophilic peritonitis

Schistosomiasis is one of the most important human helminthiases worldwide. Praziquantel is the current treatment, and no vaccine is available until the present. Thus, the presented study aimed to evaluate the immunization effects with recombinant Schistosoma mansoni enzymes: Adenosine Kinase (AK) and Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT), as well as a MIX of the two enzymes. Female Balb/c mice were immunized in three doses, and 15 days after the last immunization, animals were infected with S...

BACKGROUND: Overt eosinophilic peritonitis (EP) is a relatively uncommon complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD), although not rare. Here we reported a case of EP relieved after changing dialysate.  CASE PRESENTATION: A 28-year old male patient developed cloudy PD effluents within the first month after PD started. Cytological study of PD effluents showed elevated white blood cells and polynuclear cells. Bacteria culture of PD effluents repeated for several times were all negative, and no pathogen was found by metagenomics next generation sequencing (mNGS)...

BACKGROUND: Thyroid gland affection by Fluorosis is documented in a number of previous studies. Resveratrol is a natural compound of plant origin. Its protective role was demonstrated previously in mice and rats against fluoride-induced hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity. AIM: to detect the thyro-protective role of Resveratrol in sodium fluoride rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty adult male albino rats were distributed equally into: Group I (control): given 5 ml distilled water; Group II (Resveratrol): received 30 mg/kg Resveratrol; Group III (Sodium fluoride): given 10 mg/kg of Sodium Fluoride dissolved in 2...

BACKGROUND: Strongyloides colitis is a severe form of strongyloidiasis that carries a high mortality rate if untreated. There is an overlapping clinical presentation between Strongyloides colitis and Crohn's disease. Here, we present a case of a patient who was diagnosed with Crohn's disease and was treated with immunosuppressant therapy which resulted in a poor outcome. CASE PRESENTATION: A middle-aged, native African male presented with diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss...

Mammals express a set of chitinase family proteins, comprising chitinases, which can hydrolyze chitin, and chitinase-like proteins without the chitinase activity but possessing chitin-binding properties. They act as endogenous lectins, regulating various physiological/pathological events. Ym1, originally identified as an eosinophil chemotactic factor or a macrophage-derived protein in parasite-infected mice, is a rodent-specific chitinase-like protein. Ym1 is also purified from eosinophilic crystals formed in the lung and urinary system in various disease models...

Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis are major neglected tropical diseases affecting over 90 million people worldwide with painful and profoundly disfiguring pathologies (such as lymphoedema or blindness). Type 2 inflammation is a hallmark of filarial nematode tissue infection and is implicated both in eosinophil dependent immunity and lymphatic or ocular immunopathologies. Type-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are known to play an important role in the initiation of type 2 inflammation in helminth infection...

Paraneoplastic eosinophilia is mainly associated with hematologic malignancies. It has been reported in solid tumors through case reports. Among solid tumors, hypereosinophilia was mainly described in melanoma and lung, renal, and thyroid carcinomas. We report the case of a 58-year-old female patient, a previously healthy heavy smoker who presented with worsening abdominal pain and dyspnea. Laboratory tests revealed hypereosinophilia with an absolute eosinophilic count (AEC) of 65,000/mm3, thrombocytosis (platelets=890,000/mm3 ), and disturbed liver function tests...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Peritoneal benign cystic mesothelioma is a rare benign tumor that originates from a mesothelial proliferative lesion of the peritoneum. However, proper surgical management remains unclear due to its low incidence. We report a clinical case of peritoneal benign cystic mesothelioma treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). CASE PRESENTATION: A 60-year-old female who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy in 2015 presented with abdominal pain in right lower quadrant area...

Sepsis is a highly prevalent cause of death in intensive care units. Characterized by severe immune cell derangements, sepsis is often associated with multiorgan dysfunction. For many sepsis survivors, these deficits can persist long after clinical resolution of the underlying infection. Although many studies report on the impact of sepsis on individual immune cell subtypes, a comprehensive analysis of sepsis-induced alterations within and across the immune cell landscape is lacking. In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to assess sepsis-associated transcriptional changes in immune cells isolated from bone marrow at single-cell resolution...

Current genetic tools designed to target macrophages in vivo often target cells from all myeloid lineages. Therefore, we sought to generate a novel transgenic mouse which has a tamoxifen inducible Cre-recombinase under the control of the human CD68 promoter (hCD68-CreERT2). To test the efficiency and specificity of the of Cre-recombinase activity we crossed the hCD68-CreERT2 mice with a loxP-flanked STOP cassette red fluorescent protein variant (tdTomato) mouse. We established that orally dosing mice with 2 mg of tamoxifen for 5 consecutive days followed by a 5-day induction period resulted in robust expression of tdTomato in CD11b+ F4/80+ tissue resident macrophages...

Meningioangiomatosis (MA) is a rare proliferative meningovascular entity that has been described mainly in humans and dogs. Here we describe MA in a 13-y-old spayed female domestic shorthaired cat that died 5 d after acute change in behavior, open-mouth breathing, seizures, hyperthermia, and inability to walk. On MRI, the lesion appeared predominantly as extraparenchymal hemorrhage. Autopsy changes consisted of a dark-red, hemorrhagic plaque that expanded the leptomeninges and outer neuroparenchyma of the right piriform and temporal telencephalic lobes, chalky white nodules in the peripancreatic fat, and yellow fluid in the abdomen...

Eosinophilic peritonitis (EP) constitutes a significant number of culture-negative peritonitis cases that can affect 16-60% of the patients who are treated with maintenance peritoneal dialysis (PD). Although it is mainly considered to be the hypersensitivity response of the peritoneum to foreign substances, it can also develop following culture-positive peritonitis attacks. Besides the presence of more than 100 white blood cells (WBC)/ml, the diagnosis is made with the high number of eosinophils in the dialysate fluid (>10%), usually accompanied by peripheral eosinophilia...

A healthy 11-year-old girl presents with epigastric abdominal pain, fever, weight loss, and decreased appetite for 1 month. On physical examination, she appears ill, dehydrated, and cachectic. Her abdominal examination is significant for large ascites with a fluid wave and is nontender to palpation. Her labs show leukocytosis with an eosinophilic-predominant granulocytosis and an absolute eosinophil count of 6800/mm3 . She has elevated serum inflammatory markers, hypoalbuminemia, and lipase is 5000 U/L. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) shows an irregular and dilated pancreatic duct, so she had an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with pancreatic stent placement, paracentesis, and colonoscopy...

Mesothelioma is a rare, aggressive malignant neoplasm of mesothelial origin. A small subset of peritoneal mesothelioma is driven by recurrent gene fusions, mostly EWSR1/FUS::ATF1 fusions, with predilection for young adults. To date, only two cases of mesothelioma harboring EWSR1::YY1 fusions have been described. We present three additional cases of EWSR1::YY1-fused peritoneal mesotheliomas, two localized and one diffuse, all occurring in the peritoneum of middle-aged adults (2 females and 1 male), and discovered incidentally by imaging or during surgery performed for unrelated reasons...

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) or Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a rare, autoimmune vasculitis usually affecting small and medium-sized blood vessels in its later phases. It is a diffuse, systemic, multisystem disease that is reported to present with gastrointestinal manifestations but very rarely as an acute abdomen secondary to eosinophilic peritonitis. A 28-year-old relatively healthy male with a pre-existing diagnosis of inactive pulmonary sarcoidosis presented to the emergency department with an acute abdomen...

BACKGROUND: Eosinophilic peritonitis is a well-known complication at the initiation of peritoneal dialysis. It is often due to an allergic reaction to peritoneal dialysis solution or sometimes to the peritoneal dialysis catheter itself. Most cases are self-limiting with expected spontaneous resolution within a few weeks. Treatment is necessary for severe or persistent cases. However, the optimal treatment has not yet been defined. There have been only a few case reports on the use of anti-histamines and/or steroids for the treatment of eosinophilic peritonitis...

Adjuvants are used to increase the strength, quality, and duration of the immune response of vaccines. Neutrophils are the first immune cells that arrive at the injection site and can release DNA fibers together with granular proteins, so-called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), to entrap microbes in a sticky matrix of extracellular chromatin and microbicidal agents. Similar extracellular structures were also released by macrophages, mast cells, and eosinophils and are now generalized as "ETs." Here we demonstrated that Alum adjuvant stimulation led to peritoneal cells swarming and ET release in vitro ...

Intestinal parasitic nematodes affect a quarter of the world's population, typically eliciting prominent effector Th2-driven host immune responses. As not all infected hosts develop protection against reinfection, our current understanding of nematode-induced memory Th2 responses remains limited. Here, we investigated the activation of memory Th2 cells and the mechanisms driving early recall responses to the enteric nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus in mice. We show that nematode-cured mice harbor memory Th2 cells in lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs with distinct transcriptional profiles, expressing recirculation markers like CCR7 and CD62-L in the mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN), and costimulatory markers like Ox40, as well as tissue homing and activation markers like CCR2, CD69 and CD40L in the gut and peritoneal cavity (PEC)...

Menthone is rich in Mentha × Piperita L. essential oil and it has anti-inflammatory properties; research shows that it is useful, via percutaneous absorption, in treating inflammation-related diseases. However, anti-allergic inflammatory effects of volatile menthone have not yet been used to treat allergic asthma, in vivo. We hypothesized that menthone inhalation may have anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects in patients with allergic asthma. Therefore, in our study, menthone inhalation was used to treat ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and challenged asthmatic mice...

BACKGROUND: Infectious complications are the leading cause of technical failure in peritoneal dialysis (PD); however, targeted anti-infective therapy is not feasible at the onset, as effluent cultures take days and may be inconclusive. Although recommended by the guidelines, divergent positivity rates of Gram-stained effluent microscopy question the value of its usefulness. This study aimed to evaluate if microscopy of cell types serves as an additional and timely diagnostic approach...