eosinophilic bronchiolitis

We recently reported acute COVID-19 symptoms, clinical status, weight loss, multi-organ pathological changes, and animal death in a murine hepatitis virus-1 (MHV-1) coronavirus mouse model of COVID-19, which were similar to that observed in humans with COVID-19. We further examined long-term (12 months post-infection) sequelae of COVID-19 in these mice. Congested blood vessels, perivascular cavitation, pericellular halos, vacuolation of neuropils, pyknotic nuclei, acute eosinophilic necrosis, necrotic neurons with fragmented nuclei, and vacuolation were observed in the brain cortex 12 months post-MHV-1 infection...

BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarettes (e-cig) have been marketed as a safer alternative to tobacco cigarette smoking (TCS). While there are far less toxic compounds in e-cig vape (ECV) than in tobacco cigarette smoke, detectable levels of toxicants are still present. Multiple in vitro and short-term in vivo studies on e-cig-induced lung cell damage have been reported; however, questions remain regarding the health effects of chronic e-cig use on the lungs. Therefore, studies were performed in a chronic mouse exposure model to investigate the deleterious effects of long-term ECV exposure on the lungs...

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a severe manifestation of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) following hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Montelukast interrupts cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT) activity and may diminish the activation and homing of cells to bronchioles and subsequent fibrosis. We performed a prospective phase II trial to test whether montelukast altered lung decline for patients with BOS after HCT. In this single-arm, open-label, multi-institutional study, the primary endpoints were stability or improvement (<15% decline) in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and a <1-point decline in the slope of FEV1 after 6 months of treatment...

BACKGROUND: The heterogeneity of bronchiolitis may imply or reflect a different predisposition to respiratory sequelae. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate whether, among infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis, different clinical profiles extracted by latent class analysis (LCA) are associated with different risks of wheezing. METHODS: Over 15 consecutive epidemic seasons (2004-2019), we prospectively enrolled infants <1 year hospitalized for the first episode of bronchiolitis in a single tertiary hospital...

Asthma and bronchiectasis are different diseases; however, differentiating them can be difficult because they share several symptomatic and physiological similarities. Approximately 20% of patients with bronchiectasis have eosinophilic inflammation, 34% show wheezing, and 7-46% have comorbid asthma, although comorbidity with severe asthma may be limited as shown in 3.3% of cases of bronchiectasis. Meanwhile, 25-68% of patients with severe asthma have comorbid bronchiectasis, and at least two phenotypes are present in the accompanying bronchiectasis: eosinophilic bronchiectasis and chronic infectious bronchiolitis/bronchiectasis...

BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide in exhaled air (eNO) is used as a marker of type 2 immune response-induced airway inflammation. We aimed to investigate the association between eNO and bronchiolitis incidence and respiratory symptoms in infancy, and its correlation with eosinophil protein X (EPX). METHODS: We followed up infants at 6 weeks of age born to mothers with asthma in pregnancy and measured eNO during natural sleep using a rapid response chemiluminescense analyser (CLD88; EcoMedics), collecting at least 100 breaths, interpolated for an expiratory flow of 50 mL/s...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: We set out to assess the risk factors for asthma outcome in a cohort of infants who experienced their first episode of acute bronchiolitis. METHODS: A cohort of 222 infants who were included during a first episode of acute bronchiolitis was prospectively followed. Herein, we present the results of their assessments (symptom history, skin prick tests, specific IgE assay, respiratory function tests) at age seven. RESULTS: Of the 68/222 (30...

A 53-year-old non-smoking Japanese woman was admitted to our hospital with a 20-year history of wet cough and dyspnoea on exertion. Bronchial asthma (BA) had been diagnosed 20 years earlier. Although she has been treated with high-dose inhaled corticosteroid, she had experienced frequent exacerbation of BA, and short-term oral corticosteroid bursts were occasionally administered. High-resolution CT of the chest revealed diffuse centrilobular nodules with bronchial wall thickening and patchy ground-glass opacities in both lungs...

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is causing a global crisis. It is still unresolved. Although many therapies and vaccines are being studied, they are still in their infancy. As this pandemic continues, rapid and accurate research for the development of therapies and vaccines is needed. Therefore, it is necessary to understand characteristics of diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2 through animal models. Syrian hamsters are known to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. They were intranasally inoculated with SARS-CoV-2...

Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) is a rare disorder characterized by marked accumulation of eosinophils in lung tissues and/or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Patients with CEP usually respond well to corticosteroids. However, more than half of these patients relapse while tapering and/or after discontinuing corticosteroids. Long-term adverse effects of corticosteroids can be serious. We report a case of comorbid CEP, severe bronchial asthma, eosinophilic bronchiolitis, and chronic airway infection...

BACKGROUND: Lippia javanica (lemon bush) is commonly used in the treatment of respiratory ailments, including asthma in southern African countries but there is no scientific evidence to support this claim. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-asthmatic effects of L. javanica using a rat model of asthma. METHODS: A 5% w/v L. javanica tea infusion was prepared and characterised by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS). Animals were intraperitoneally sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and subsequently challenged intranasal with OVA on day 15 except the control group...

BACKGROUND: Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization for United States infants. Blood eosinophil and serum specific IgE (sIgE) levels are separately linked to clinical severity but few studies have examined these biomarkers together. OBJECTIVE: Among infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis, we investigated the association between (1) blood eosinophilia and severity, (2) sIgE sensitization and severity, and (3) interaction between the two biomarkers on severity...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Idiopathic chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) is a rare disease of unknown cause characterized by eosinophilic alveolar and interstitial infiltration. The authors describe the case of a 46-year-old black man, presenting with insidious onset and progressive course of dyspnea on minimum exertion, cough, fever, night sweats, and weight loss for one year and worsening in the last three months. The main findings were serum eosinophilia. Chest radiographs showed multifocal infiltrations of irregular distribution in both lungs and a restrictive functional impairment...

Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) using forceps is one of the most common procedures used to obtain lung tissue. The procedure's usefulness remains limited when diagnosing interstitial lung diseases. This retrospective descriptive study analyzed the feasibility and safety of using large forceps for TBLB in all patients who underwent TBLB from 2014 to 2018 for diffuse lung disease where the diagnosis could not be made by high-resolution chest computed tomography. We excluded patients with radiographic features of usual interstitial pneumonia...

A 47-year-old female who had a history of asthma and sinusitis in the past was admitted to hospital with limbs numbness and pain for ten days. The symptoms were aggravated for eight hours. On admission, significant peripheral eosinophilia was noted. Paranasal sinusitis and transient bronchiolitis were found by CT scan.Electromyogram demonstrated multiple mononeuropathy. Eosinophilia was indicated by bone marrow biopsy. The diagnosis of eosinophilic granulomatous polyangiitis(EGPA) was determined. The patient got better after applying glucocorticoid and cyclophosphamide...

INTRODUCTION: Asthma is a common disease whose diagnosis does not typically rely on the results of imaging. However, chest CT has gained a key place over the last decade to support the management of patients with difficult to treat and severe asthma. STATE OF THE ART: Bronchial wall thickening and mild dilatation or narrowing of bronchial lumen are frequently observed on chest CT in people with asthma. Bronchial wall thickening is correlated to the degree of obstruction and to bronchial wall remodeling and inflammation...

The increasing prevalence of allergic asthma has become the world's major health issue. Current treatments for allergic asthma focus on treating symptoms, while permanent cures still remain undiscovered. In this study, we investigated the effect of Korean traditional herbal remedy, Pyunkang-tang (PGT)-composed of six plants-on asthma alleviation in a mouse model. The PGT mixture was orally gavaged to mice (PM group, 20 mg/mouse/day) from 7 days before sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA) (day -7). On day 0 and day 14, mice from OVA-control ( n = 9) and PM group ( n = 8) were sensitized with OVA and alum through intraperitoneal injection...

Serelaxin is a recombinant human relaxin-2 intended for cardiovascular indications. Inhalation was chosen as alternative route to intravenous to allow daily administration for chronic applications and home treatment. A total of 4 short-term studies were conducted in rats and cynomolgus monkeys with inhaled formulation of serelaxin at dose up to 10 mg/kg/d. All rats and cynomolgus macaques receiving serelaxin were exposed to the test item. One rat and approximately 50% of macaques developed immunogenicity, which did not appear to affect exposure...