Antibioresistance

The fight against antibiotic resistance is faced with a lack of therapeutic innovation, due to the low return on investment for players in the pharmaceutical sector. Research challenges need to integrate a translational research strategy for the development of new therapeutics in a One Health approach. For synergistic collaboration, public-private partnerships have been set up with financial support mechanisms for the marketing of new anti-infectives, enabling a return on investment for players in the pharmaceutical sector...

Antibiotic resistance is a threat to human medicine. Preventing the risk of infection and participating in the proper use of antibiotics are part of nurses' mission to combat this phenomenon, in partnership with their colleagues who are experts in hygiene and infectiology.

Antibiotic resistance is a public health issue that must be tackled within the One Health concept. This means continuing efforts to coordinate the action plans of the various ministries, on the one hand, and gaining a better understanding (from a scientific point of view) of the key points in the passage of antibiotic resistance between two sectors, on the other. This article shows how human medicine, veterinary medicine and the environment are affected by this issue.

The recommendations for the general public as well as the tools offered to healthcare professionals for their practices are consistent with the 2022-2025 national strategy for the prevention of infections and antibiotic resistance. They therefore cover both infection prevention and the proper use of antibiotics.

The Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS), created by the French Health Insurance Act of August 13, 2004, is an independent scientific public authority, with legal personality and financial autonomy. Involved in the fight against antibiotic resistance, the HAS provides professionals and the general public with a range of tools to encourage the adoption of best practices in the use of antibiotics.

Preserving the effectiveness of our antibiotics against pathogenic bacteria is a major public health issue, which is why the World Health Organization has made the fight against antibiotic resistance one of its ten priorities. The fight against antibiotic resistance must be implemented at international, national and local levels. Nurses, in close contact with patients, have a fundamental role to play in both pillars of the strategy implemented in France: in the prevention and control of infections, of course, but also in the proper use of antibiotics...

BACKGROUND: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are one of the most common health care-associated infections in low and middle-income countries. The aims of this cross-sectional descriptive study were to estimate the frequency of postcaesarean infection with associated clinical characteristics and the antibiotic resistance profile of bacterial isolates. METHODS: Patients who underwent a cesarean section at the obstetrics and gynecology department of the hospital in Annaba, Algeria were included...

The treatment of infectious diseases in geriatric medicine is a complex subject. Diagnosis is often difficult, as is the correct indication for antibiotic therapy. To combat antibiotic resistance, we need to limit unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions and prevent the onset of bacterial infections, notably through vaccination.

The fight against antibiotic resistance must incorporate the "One Health" concept to be effective. This means having a holistic approach embracing the different ecosystems, human, animal, and environment. Transfers of resistance genes may exist between these three domains and different stresses related to the exposome may influence these transfers. Various targeted or pan-genomic molecular biology techniques can be used to better characterise the dissemination of bacterial clones and to identify exchanges of genes and mobile genetic elements between ecosystems...

The fight against antibiotic resistance in the animal sector over the last ten years in France (Ecoantibio plans) has largely focused on reducing the veterinary use of antibiotics. However, antibiotic resistance in an animal is not necessarily due to antibiotic therapy, but can also result from the transmission of resistant bacteria or resistance plasmids. Several examples illustrate the importance of this transmission of antibiotic resistance in the animal world, which are detailed in this communication. Like in human medicine, this nosocomial transmission can be observed in veterinary care institutions, as well as in animal husbandry...

Due to the massive use of antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continues to spread, endangering global disease control and environmental quality. The sources of bacteria or antimicrobial resistance genes are linked to human activities: urban, hospital and industrial discharges, livestock farms). The role of sanitation systems-sewerage, wastewater treatment and sludge treatment (WWTP)-in the problem of AMR has not yet been clearly established by the scientific community. The data available to date show that they eliminate part of the bacteria, genes and antibiotics, although this is not their primary vocation...

(1) Background: The resistance levels of Escherichia coli , Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus spp., etc., isolated from the nasal cavity and the rectum of Dama dama deer from three hunting grounds in Western Romania were assessed. (2) Methods: The analysis was completed using the diffusimetric method, compliant with CLSI reference standards, and with Vitek-2 (BioMérieux, France), on 240 samples. (3) Results: The results were statistically analyzed (by one-way ANOVA) revealing that in four of the ten E...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Antibiotics' resistance is the leading cause of complications in the treatment of urinary tract infections. This study aimed to screen the antimicrobial potential of 8 plants from Cameroon against multi-resistant uropathogenic (MRU) bacteria and to investigate their antibioresistance reversal properties. METHOD: Bioactive compounds were extracted from leaves of Leucanthemum vulgare , Cymbopogon citratus , Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina ; barks of Cinchona officinalis and Enantia chlorantha barks and seeds of Garcinia lucida and leaves and seeds of Azadirachta indica using water and ethanol as solvents...

Despite decades of research on the reduction of surface fouling from biomolecules or micro-organisms, the ultimate antibiofouling surface remains undiscovered. The recent covid-19 pandemic strengthened the crucial need for such treatments. Among the numerous approaches that are able to provide surfaces with antibiofouling properties, chemical, biological, and topographical strategies have been implemented for instance in the marine, medical, or food industries. However, many of these methods have a biocidal effect and, with antibioresistance and biocide resistance a growing threat on humanity, strategies based on reducing adsorption of biomolecules and micro-organism are necessary for long-term solutions...

Background: Plants, including invasive ones, can play a significant role in the fight against antibiotic resistance and the search for new antimicrobials. Aims: The present study aimed at assessing the antimicrobial activity, antibioresistance reversal properties, and toxicity of four samples from invasive plants, namely, Heracleum mantegazzianum (leaves and flowers), Chenopodium album (leaves), and Centaurea jacea (flowers). Methods: The extraction of active compounds was done with ethanol (80%, v/v ) and the extraction yields were calculated...

Microbiota plays a crucial role in human health and disease; therefore, the modulation of this complex and yet widely unexplored ecosystem is a biomedical priority. Numerous antibacterial alternatives have been developed in recent years, imposed by the huge problem of antibioresistance, but also by the people demand for natural therapeutical products without side effects, as dysbiosis, cyto/hepatotoxicity. Current studies are focusing mainly in the development of nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with herbal and fruit essential oils (EOs) to fight resistant pathogens...

In cattle, Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen of increasing importance due to its association with intramammary infections (IMIs), which are a primary cause of antibiotic use on farms and thus of the rise in antibiotic resistance. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), which are frequently isolated from cases of bovine mastitis, represent a public health problem worldwide. Understanding the epidemiology and the evolution of these strains relies on typing methods. Such methods were phenotypic at first, but more recently, molecular methods have been increasingly utilized...

Despite their clinical importance, saving numerous human lifes, over- and mis-uses of antibiotics have created a strong selective pressure on bacteria, which induces the emergence of (multi)resistant strains. Antibioresistance is becoming so pregnant that since 2017, WHO lists bacteria threatening most human health (AWaRe, ESKAPE lists), and those for which new antibiotics are urgently needed. Since the century turn, this context is leading to a burst in the chemical synthesis of new antibiotics, mostly derived from natural antibiotics...

The Bellecombe pilot site - SIPIBEL - was created in 2010 in order to study the characterisation, treatability and impacts of hospital effluents in an urban wastewater treatment plant. This pilot site is composed of: i) the Alpes Léman hospital (CHAL), opened in February 2012, ii) the Bellecombe wastewater treatment plant, with two separate treatment lines allowing to fully separate the hospital wastewater and the urban wastewater, and iii) the Arve River as the receiving water body and a tributary of the Rhône River and the Geneva aquifer...

Because of antibiotics misuse, the dramatic growth of antibioresistance threatens public health. Tests are indeed culture-based, and require therefore one to two days. This long time-to-result implies the use of large-spectrum antibiotherapies as a first step, in absence of pathogen characterization. Here, a breakthrough approach for a culture-less fast assessment of bacterial response to stress is proposed. It is based on non-destructive on-chip optical tweezing. A laser loads an optical nanobeam cavity whose evanescent part of the resonant field acts as a nano-tweezer for bacteria surrounding the cavity...