keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38515987/patient-listening-on-social-media-for-patient-focused-drug-development-a-synthesis-of-considerations-from-patients-industry-and-regulators
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Philipp Cimiano, Ben Collins, Maria Carmela De Vuono, Thierry Escudier, Jürgen Gottowik, Matthias Hartung, Mathias Leddin, Bikalpa Neupane, Raul Rodriguez-Esteban, Ana Lucia Schmidt, Cornelius Starke-Knäusel, Maarten Voorhaar, Krzysztof Wieckowski
Patients, life science industry and regulatory authorities are united in their goal to reduce the disease burden of patients by closing remaining unmet needs. Patients have, however, not always been systematically and consistently involved in the drug development process. Recognizing this gap, regulatory bodies worldwide have initiated patient-focused drug development (PFDD) initiatives to foster a more systematic involvement of patients in the drug development process and to ensure that outcomes measured in clinical trials are truly relevant to patients and represent significant improvements to their quality of life...
2024: Frontiers in Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38515211/diversity-of-cftr-variants-across-ancestries-characterized-using-454-727-uk-biobank-whole-exome-sequences
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Justin E Ideozu, Mengzhen Liu, Bridget M Riley-Gillis, Sri R Paladugu, Fedik Rahimov, Preethi Krishnan, Rakesh Tripathi, Patrick Dorr, Hara Levy, Ashvani Singh, Jeffrey F Waring, Aparna Vasanthakumar
BACKGROUND: Limited understanding of the diversity of variants in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene across ancestries hampers efforts to advance molecular diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF). The consequences pose a risk of delayed diagnoses and subsequently worsened health outcomes for patients. Therefore, characterizing the spectrum of CFTR variants across ancestries is critical for revolutionizing molecular diagnoses of CF. METHODS: We analyzed 454,727 UK Biobank (UKBB) whole-exome sequences to characterize the diversity of CFTR variants across ancestries...
March 21, 2024: Genome Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38515150/evaluation-of-a-disability-inclusive-ultra-poor-graduation-programme-in-uganda-study-protocol-for-a-cluster-randomised-controlled-trial-with-process-evaluation
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elijah Kipchumba, Calum Davey, Sarah Marks, Anthony Mugeere, Shanquan Chen, Lena Morgon Banks, Kazi Eliza Islam, Tom Shakespeare, Hannah Kuper, Munshi Sulaiman
BACKGROUND: There is little evidence on how to support ultra-poor people with disabilities to adopt sustainable livelihoods. The Disability-Inclusive Graduation (DIG) programme targets ultra-poor people with disabilities and/or women living in rural Uganda. The programme is an adaptation of an ultra-poor graduation model that has been shown to be effective in many contexts but not evaluated for people with disabilities. METHODS: The DIG programme works with project participants over a period of 18 months...
March 21, 2024: Trials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38514087/impact-of-18-f-fdg-pet-intensity-normalization-on-radiomic-features-of-oropharyngeal-squamous-cell-carcinomas-and-machine-learning-generated-biomarkers
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stefan P Haider, Tal Zeevi, Kariem Sharaf, Moritz Gross, Amit Mahajan, Benjamin H Kann, Benjamin L Judson, Manju L Prasad, Barbara Burtness, Mariam Aboian, Martin Canis, Christoph A Reichel, Philipp Baumeister, Seyedmehdi Payabvash
We aimed to investigate the effects of 18 F-FDG PET voxel intensity normalization on radiomic features of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and machine learning-generated radiomic biomarkers. Methods: We extracted 1,037 18 F-FDG PET radiomic features quantifying the shape, intensity, and texture of 430 OPSCC primary tumors. The reproducibility of individual features across 3 intensity-normalized images (body-weight SUV, reference tissue activity ratio to lentiform nucleus of brain and cerebellum) and the raw PET data was assessed using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)...
March 21, 2024: Journal of Nuclear Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38511668/community-views-on-active-case-finding-for-tuberculosis-in-low-and-middle-income-countries-a-qualitative-evidence-synthesis
#25
REVIEW
Melissa Taylor, Nancy Medley, Susanna S van Wyk, Sandy Oliver
BACKGROUND: Active case finding (ACF) refers to the systematic identification of people with tuberculosis in communities and amongst populations who do not present to health facilities, through approaches such as door-to-door screening or contact tracing. ACF may improve access to tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment for the poor and for people remote from diagnostic and treatment facilities. As a result, ACF may also reduce onward transmission. However, there is a need to understand how these programmes are experienced by communities in order to design appropriate services...
March 21, 2024: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38508710/risk-factors-for-sars-cov-2-infection-at-a-uk-electricity-generating-company-a-test-negative-design-case-control-study
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Charlotte E Rutter, Martie van Tongeren, Tony Fletcher, Sarah Rhodes, Yiqun Chen, Ian Hall, Nicholas Warren, Neil Pearce
OBJECTIVES: Identify workplace risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection, using data collected by a UK electricity-generating company. METHODS: Using a test-negative design case-control study, we estimated the OR of infection by job category, site, test reason, sex, vaccination status, vulnerability, site outage and site COVID-19 weekly risk rating, adjusting for age, test date and test type. RESULTS: From an original 80 077 COVID-19 tests, there were 70 646 included in the final analysis...
March 20, 2024: Occupational and Environmental Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38508643/prescriber-decision-making-on-antithrombotic-therapy-after-endovascular-intervention-for-peripheral-artery-disease-a-protocol-for-a-discrete-choice-experiment
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alison Zhu, Robert Tang, Saissan Rajendran, Hamid Hajian, Sarah Joy Aitken
INTRODUCTION: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, despite surgical and endovascular treatments. Emerging evidence supports the use of immediate antithrombotic medications after endovascular intervention for PAD, however, there is a lack of consensus regarding choice and duration of antithrombotic therapy. Prescriber decision-making is a complex process, with prior studies demonstrating patient factors can influence variability in antithrombotic therapy for PAD...
March 20, 2024: BMJ Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38508635/development-and-applications-of-the-anaesthetists-non-technical-skills-behavioural-marker-system-a-systematic-review
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiamin Kang, Jiale Hu, Chunji Yan, Xueyan Xing, Shumin Tu, Fang Zhou
OBJECTIVES: To comprehensively synthesise evidence regarding the validity and reliability of the Anaesthetists' Non-Technical Skills (ANTS) behavioural marker system and its application as a tool for the training and assessment of non-technical skills to improve patient safety. DESIGN: Systematic review. DATA SOURCES: We employed a citation search strategy. The Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched for articles published from 2002 to May 2022...
March 20, 2024: BMJ Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38508230/accelerating-drug-development-at-bristol-myers-squibb-through-innovation
#29
REVIEW
Kalyanee Viraswami-Appanna, Joan Buenconsejo, Charlotte Baidoo, Ivan Chan, Daniel Li, Mariann Micsinai-Balan, Ram Tiwari, Ling Yang, Venkat Sethuraman
This paper focuses on the use of novel technologies and innovative trial designs to accelerate evidence generation and increase pharmaceutical Research and Development (R&D) productivity, at Bristol Myers Squibb. We summarize learnings with case examples, on how we prepared and continuously evolved to address the increasing cost, complexities, and external pressures in drug development, to bring innovative medicines to patients much faster. These learnings were based on review of internal efforts toward accelerating R&D focusing on four key areas: adopting innovative trial designs, optimizing trial designs, leveraging external control data, and implementing novel methods using artificial intelligence and machine learning...
March 18, 2024: Drug Discovery Today
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38507604/a-data-driven-newsvendor-model-for-elective-emergency-admission-control-under-uncertain-inpatient-bed-capacity
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wenwu Shen, Le Luo, Li Luo, Lin Zhang, Ting Zhu
OBJECTIVE: Elective-emergency admission control referred to allocating available inpatient bed capacity between elective and emergency hospitalization demand. Existing approaches for admission control often excluded several complex factors when making decisions, such as uncertain bed capacity and unknown true probability distributions of patient arrivals and departures. We aimed to create a data-driven newsvendor framework to study the elective-emergency admission control problem to achieve bed operational efficiency and effectiveness...
March 20, 2024: Journal of Evidence-based Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38507395/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-young-people-s-mental-health-wellbeing-and-routine-from-a-european-perspective-a-co-produced-qualitative-systematic-review
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lindsay H Dewa, Lily Roberts, Elizabeth Choong, Caroline Crandell, Ola Demkowicz, Emma Ashworth, Catia Branquinho, Steph Scott
BACKGROUND: The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on young people's (YP) mental health has been mixed. Systematic reviews to date have focused predominantly on quantitative studies and lacked involvement from YP with lived experience of mental health difficulties. Therefore, our primary aim was to conduct a qualitative systematic review to examine the perceived impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on YP's (aged 10-24) mental health and wellbeing across Europe. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, MEDRXIV, OSF preprints, Google, and voluntary sector websites for studies published from 1st January 2020 to 15th November 2022...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38507343/the-development-of-non-destructive-sampling-methods-of-parchment-skins-for-genetic-species-identification
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Melissa Scheible, Timothy L Stinson, Matthew Breen, Benjamin J Callahan, Rachael Thomas, Kelly A Meiklejohn
Parchment, the skins of animals prepared for use as writing surfaces, offers a valuable source of genetic information. Many have clearly defined provenance, allowing for the genetic findings to be evaluated in temporal and spatial context. While these documents can yield evidence of the animal sources, the DNA contained within these aged skins is often damaged and fragmented. Previously, genetic studies targeting parchment have used destructive sampling techniques and so the development and validation of non-destructive sampling methods would expand opportunities and facilitate testing of more precious documents, especially those with historical significance...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38506918/preliminary-evidence-of-the-use-of-generative-ai-in-health-care-clinical-services-systematic-narrative-review
#33
REVIEW
Dobin Yim, Jiban Khuntia, Vijaya Parameswaran, Arlen Meyers
BACKGROUND: Generative artificial intelligence tools and applications (GenAI) are being increasingly used in health care. Physicians, specialists, and other providers have started primarily using GenAI as an aid or tool to gather knowledge, provide information, train, or generate suggestive dialogue between physicians and patients or between physicians and patients' families or friends. However, unless the use of GenAI is oriented to be helpful in clinical service encounters that can improve the accuracy of diagnosis, treatment, and patient outcomes, the expected potential will not be achieved...
March 20, 2024: JMIR Medical Informatics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38503097/medchatzh-a-tuning-llm-for-traditional-chinese-medicine-consultations
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yang Tan, Zhixing Zhang, Mingchen Li, Fei Pan, Hao Duan, Zijie Huang, Hua Deng, Zhuohang Yu, Chen Yang, Guoyang Shen, Peng Qi, Chengyuan Yue, Yuxian Liu, Liang Hong, Huiqun Yu, Guisheng Fan, Yun Tang
Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significant success in various natural language processing tasks, including Question-Answering (QA) and dialogue systems. However, most models are trained on English data and lack strong generalization in providing answers in Chinese. This limitation is especially evident in specialized domains like traditional Chinese medical QA, where performance suffers due to the absence of fine-tuning and high-quality datasets. To address this, we introduce MedChatZH, a dialogue model optimized for Chinese medical QA based on transformer decoder with LLaMA architecture...
March 13, 2024: Computers in Biology and Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38502879/an-evidence-based-guideline-on-treating-lumbar-disc-herniation-with-traditional-chinese-medicine
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaokuan Qin, Kai Sun, Weiguo Xu, Jinghua Gao, Hong Jiang, Wei Chen, Ling Zhang, Zhenhua Li, Wuyin Li, Puwei Yuan, Kexin Yang, Peijian Tong, Yuanming Zhong, Xiaofeng Zhu, Xiaoming Wan, Chengjian He, Yanguo Wang, Xilin Xu, Yong Huang, Zhihai Zhang, Yifei Huang, Wei Guo, Junling Cao, Tianxiao Feng, Xu Wang, Yuhui Yin, Hao Wang, Chuanrui Sun, Xiangyu Xiao, Xu Wei, Liguo Zhu
BACKGROUND: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH), as one of the most common causes of lower back pain, imposes a heavy economic burden on patients and society. Conservative management is the first-line choice for the majority of LDH patients. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an important part of conservative treatment and has attracted more and more international attention. STUDY DESIGN: Evidence-based guideline. METHODS: We formed a guideline panel of multidisciplinary experts...
March 19, 2024: Journal of Evidence-based Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38502110/normative-standards-for-isokinetic-and-anthropometric-classifications-of-university-level-netball-players
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kyra-Kezzia Duvenage, Yolandi Willemse, Hans de Ridder, Mark Kramer
CONTEXT: The purpose of the study was to develop normative ranges and standards for knee and shoulder isokinetic and anthropometric values. These standards can be qualitatively interpreted and allow practitioners to classify isokinetic and anthropometric values more objectively for university-level netball players. DESIGN: Posttest only observational study design. All players were only evaluated once during the in-season to generate normative ranges. METHODS: A total of 51 female players volunteered...
March 18, 2024: Journal of Sport Rehabilitation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38500804/clinical-guideline-on-the-third-generation-minimally-invasive-surgery-for-hallux-valgus
#37
REVIEW
Guangyi Li, Hui Zhang, Xu Wang, Yunfeng Yang, Hailin Xu, Jinsong Hong, Siu-Wah Kong, Kwok-Bill Chan, Keen-Wai Chong, Alan Yan, Zhongmin Shi, Xin Ma
Minimally invasive surgery for hallux valgus correction, has been attracting great interests in the recent decades, due to the potential benefits of less pain, decreased recovery times, smaller scars with better cosmesis, and improved early post-operative range of motion. The most recent developments in minimally invasive surgery have evolved into the third generation with modifications of the chevron-type osteotomy. This evidence-based clinical guideline of the third generation minimally invasive surgery for hallux valgus is initiated and developed collectively by the Foot and Ankle Committee of Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Foot and Ankle Committee of Sports Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and Foot and Ankle Expert Committee of Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Association of the Integrative Medicine...
March 2024: Journal of Orthopaedic Translation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38497092/the-impact-of-fluphenazine-withdrawal-a-mirror-image-study
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
S Meehan, S Moran, A Rainford, C McDonald, B Hallahan
BACKGROUND: Fluphenazine decanoate licenced as a long-acting injectable (LAI) first-generation antipsychotic (FGA) was withdrawn from sale in 2018. This study evaluates if its withdrawal resulted in increased relapse rates of psychosis in an Irish patient cohort and examines which prescribed alternative antipsychotic medications were associated with more optimal outcomes. METHODS: Fifteen participants diagnosed with a psychotic disorder were included. A mirror-image study over 24-months' pre-and post-withdrawal of fluphenazine was conducted...
March 18, 2024: Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38496334/identifying-risk-factors-for-preexisting-or-developing-low-back-pain-in-youth-high-school-and-collegiate-lacrosse-players-using-3-dimensional-motion-analysis
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joseph G Wasser, Michelle L Bruner, Cong Chen, Heather K Vincent
BACKGROUND: Low back pain (LBP) is a common condition that can affect athletes of all ages. The risk factors for LBP onset and worsening associated with the lacrosse shooting motion are not yet known. PURPOSE: To identify training and biomechanical factors associated with preexisting LBP and development of LBP over 6 months in youth, high school, and collegiate lacrosse players. STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: A total of 128 lacrosse players were enrolled in this study between January 2016 and January 2019...
March 2024: Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38496250/symposium-summary-epigenetic-inheritance-impact-for-biology-and-society-23-25-august-2023-z%C3%A3-rich-switzerland
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Leonard C Steg, Ellen Jaspers, Anar Alshanbayeva, Rodrigo G Arzate-Meija, Maria A Dimitriu, Katharina Gapp, Lola M Kourouma, Kerem Uzel, Isabelle M Mansuy
The possibility that acquired traits can be transmitted across generations has been the subject of intense research in the past decades. This biological process is of major interest to many scientists and has profound implications for biology and society but has complex mechanisms and is therefore challenging to study. Because it involves factors independent from the DNA sequence, this form of heredity is classically referred to as epigenetic inheritance. Many studies have examined how life experiences and various environmental factors can cause phenotypes that are heritable and be manifested in subsequent generations...
2024: Environmental Epigenetics
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