keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38486712/gut-derived-peptide-hormone-analogues-and-potential-treatment-of-bone-disorders-in-obesity-and-diabetes-mellitus
#21
REVIEW
Asif Ali, Peter R Flatt, Nigel Irwin
Obesity and diabetes mellitus are prevalent metabolic disorders that have a detrimental impact on overall health. In this regard, there is now a clear link between these metabolic disorders and compromised bone health. Interestingly, both obesity and diabetes lead to elevated risk of bone fracture which is independent of effects on bone mineral density (BMD). In this regard, gastrointestinal (GIT)-derived peptide hormones and their related long-acting analogues, some of which are already clinically approved for diabetes and/or obesity, also seem to possess positive effects on bone remodelling and microarchitecture to reduce bone fracture risk...
2024: Clinical Medicine Insights. Endocrinology and Diabetes
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38486046/association-of-semaglutide-with-reduced-incidence-and-relapse-of-cannabis-use-disorder-in-real-world-populations-a-retrospective-cohort-study
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
William Wang, Nora D Volkow, Nathan A Berger, Pamela B Davis, David C Kaelber, Rong Xu
Cannabis is the most frequently used illicit drug in the United States with more than 45 million users of whom one-third suffer from a cannabis use disorder (CUD). Despite its high prevalence, there are currently no FDA-approved medications for CUD. Patients treated with semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) approved for treating type 2 diabetes (T2D) and for weight management have reported reduced desire to drink and smoke. Preclinical studies have shown that semaglutide decreased nicotine and alcohol consumption...
March 14, 2024: Molecular Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38481208/secretion-of-glucagon-glp-1-and-gip-may-be-affected-by-circadian-rhythm-in-healthy-males
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dorte B Zilstorff, Michael M Richter, Jens Hannibal, Henrik L Jørgensen, Henriette P Sennels, Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen
BACKGROUND: Glucagon is secreted from pancreatic alpha cells in response to low blood glucose and increases hepatic glucose production. Furthermore, glucagon enhances hepatic protein and lipid metabolism during a mixed meal. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are secreted from gut endocrine cells during meals and control glucose homeostasis by potentiating insulin secretion and inhibiting food intake. Both glucose homeostasis and food intake have been reported to be affected by circadian rhythms and vice versa...
March 14, 2024: BMC Endocrine Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38477667/the-anti-emetic-actions-of-gip-receptor-agonism
#24
REVIEW
Tito Borner, Bart C De Jonghe, Matthew R Hayes
Nausea and vomiting are primitive aspects of mammalian physiology and behavior that ensure survival. Unfortunately, both are ubiquitously present side effects of drug treatments for many chronic diseases with negative consequences on pharmacotherapy tolerance, quality of life, and prognosis. One of the most critical clinical examples is the profound emesis and nausea that occur in patients undergoing chemotherapy, which continue to be among the most distressing side effects, even with the use of modern anti-emetic medications...
March 13, 2024: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38477666/incretin-and-glucagon-receptor-polypharmacology-in-chronic-kidney-disease
#25
REVIEW
Brandon E McFarlin, Kevin L Duffin, Anish Konkar
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a debilitating condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In recent years, the kidney effects of incretin-based therapies, particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), have garnered substantial interest in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. This review delves into the intricate interactions between the kidney, GLP-1RAs, and glucagon, shedding light on their mechanisms of action and potential kidney benefits. Both GLP-1 and glucagon, known for their opposing roles in regulating glucose homeostasis, improve systemic risk factors affecting the kidney, including adiposity, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial function...
March 13, 2024: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38477183/oral-or-injectable-semaglutide-for-the-management-of-type-2-diabetes-in-routine-care-a-multicentre-observational-study-comparing-matched-cohorts
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gian Paolo Fadini, Benedetta Maria Bonora, Mariangela Ghiani, Roberto Anichini, Elena Melchionda, Bruno Fattor, Stefano Fazion, Giancarla Meregalli, Andrea Giaccari, Angelo Avogaro, Agostino Consoli
AIM: To investigate the real-world utilization and comparative clinical outcomes of injectable and oral semaglutide in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with the aim of enhancing understanding of the practical implications associated with choosing between these formulations. METHODS: New users of oral or injectable semaglutide were selected from a cohort of 14 079 initiators of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. Propensity-score matching (PSM) was employed to create balanced groups, ensuring comparability...
March 13, 2024: Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38474161/timosaponin-a3-induces-anti-obesity-and-anti-diabetic-effects-in-vitro-and-in-vivo
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ji-Hyuk Park, Wona Jee, So-Mi Park, Ye-Rin Park, Seok Woo Kim, Hanbit Bae, Won-Suk Chung, Jae-Heung Cho, Hyungsuk Kim, Mi-Yeon Song, Hyeung-Jin Jang
Obesity is a serious global health challenge, closely associated with numerous chronic conditions including type 2 diabetes. Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge (AA) known as Jimo has been used to address conditions associated with pathogenic heat such as wasting-thirst in Korean Medicine. Timosaponin A3 (TA3), a natural compound extracted from AA, has demonstrated potential therapeutic effects in various disease models. However, its effects on diabetes and obesity remain largely unexplored. We investigated the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties of TA3 using in vitro and in vivo models...
March 2, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38472647/animal-studies-on-glucagon-like-peptide-1-receptor-agonists-and-related-polyagonists-in-nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease
#28
REVIEW
Chara Tsiampali, Ilias D Vachliotis, Antonis Goulas, Stergios A Polyzos
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent metabolic liver disease closely associated with the epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but without licensed pharmacological treatment to date. As glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are approved anti-diabetic and anti-obesity medications, they were also considered a potential therapeutic option for NAFLD. Preclinical studies suggest that GLP-1RAs have a beneficial effect on major NAFLD histological outcomes, i...
March 12, 2024: Hormones: International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38472620/renal-effects-of-glp-1-receptor-agonists-and-tirzepatide-in-individuals-with-type-2-diabetes-seeds-of-a-promising-future
#29
REVIEW
Irene Caruso, Francesco Giorgino
PURPOSE: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common complications of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and CKD-related disability and mortality are increasing despite the recent advances in diabetes management. The dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide is among the furthest developed multi-agonists for diabetes care and has so far displayed promising nephroprotective effects. This review aims to summarize the evidence regarding the nephroprotective effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and tirzepatide and the putative mechanisms underlying the favorable renal profile of tirzepatide...
March 12, 2024: Endocrine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38470137/challenges-with-a-glucagon-like-peptide-1-glp-1-agonist-initiation-a-case-series-of-semaglutide-overdose-administration-errors
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brian G Wiener, Marlis Gnirke, Susi Vassallo, Silas W Smith, Mark K Su
BACKGROUND: Prescriptions of semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist administered weekly for Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, are increasing. Adverse effects from semaglutide overdose are poorly described. We report adverse effects from three unintentional semaglutide overdoses upon initiation. CASE REPORTS: Case 1 : A 53-year-old man unintentionally injected semaglutide 2 mg instead of the recommended 0.1 mg. Case 2 : A 45-year-old woman unintentionally injected semaglutide 2...
March 12, 2024: Clinical Toxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38469598/the-association-between-previous-use-of-anti-obesity-medication-and-semaglutide-weight-loss-outcomes
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wissam Ghusn, Sima Fansa, Diego Anazco, Elif Tama, Lizeth Cifuentes, Khushboo Gala, Alan De La Rosa, Daniel Sacoto, Alejandro Campos, Fauzi Feris, Daniela Hurtado, Andres Acosta
AIMS: To compare weight loss outcomes between patients starting semaglutide who had previously been on another anti-obesity medication (AOM) compared to those who were AOM-naïve. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study in patients with overweight or obesity taking semaglutide for weight loss for a duration of 3 to 12 months. Our primary endpoint was assessment of percentage of total body weight loss (TBWL) in patients who started semaglutide as their first AOM (AOM-naïve) compared to those who started semaglutide and had previously taken another AOM (non-AOM-naïve)...
March 12, 2024: Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38465973/engineering-of-a-biologically-active-glycosylated-glucagon-like-peptide-1-analogue
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chaitra Chandrashekar, Feng Lin, Yuji Nishiuchi, Sam F Mohammed, Barbara F White, Yanni Arsenakis, Elita Yuliantie, Peishen Zhao, Sam van Dun, Anna Koijen, Yasuhiro Kajihara, Denise Wootten, Garron T Dodd, Leendert J van den Bos, John D Wade, Mohammed Akhter Hossain
Glucagon-like peptide receptor (GLP-1R) agonists (e.g., semaglutide, liraglutide, etc.) are efficient treatment options for people with type 2 diabetes and obesity. The manufacturing method to produce semaglutide, a blockbuster GLP-1 drug on the market, involves multistep synthesis. The large peptide has a hydrophobic fatty acid side chain that makes it sparingly soluble, and its handling, purification, and large-scale production difficult. The growing demand for semaglutide that the manufacturer is not capable of addressing immediately triggered a worldwide shortage...
March 11, 2024: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38465586/should-we-stop-glucagon-like-peptide-1-receptor-agonists-before-surgical-or-endoscopic-procedures-balancing-limited-evidence-with-clinical-judgment
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Guillermo Umpierrez, Francisco J Pasquel, Elizabeth Duggan, Rodolfo J Galindo
The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Task Force recently recommended discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) agents before surgery because of the potential risk of pulmonary aspiration. However, there is limited scientific evidence to support this recommendation, and holding GLP-1 RA treatment may worsen glycemic control in patients with diabetes. As we await further safety data to manage GLP-1 RA in the perioperative period, we suggest an alternative multidisciplinary approach to manage patients undergoing elective surgery...
March 11, 2024: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38464718/evolving-role-of-semaglutide-in-nafld-in-combination-weekly-and-oral-administration
#34
REVIEW
Evgenia Koureta, Evangelos Cholongitas
Non alcoholic fatty disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease that is managed in the liver departments. It seems that the prevalence of the disease is rising worldwide and as it has the same pathogenetic pathways with metabolic syndrome, treatments that target components of the metabolic syndrome seem promising for the therapy of NAFLD as well. In this review we discuss the evolving role of semaglutide, which is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) that has been already approved for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity...
2024: Frontiers in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38464707/pulse-of-progress-a-systematic-review-of-glucagon-like-peptide-1-receptor-agonists-in-cardiovascular-health
#35
REVIEW
Michael Sabina, M Mrhaf Alsamman
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity has increased globally over the past 50 years, affecting over 500 million adults worldwide in 2023. A novel class of drugs known as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have emerged as a beacon of hope in treating the pandemic of diabetes and obesity. This analysis' objective was to draw comparisons of how these medications reduce cardiovascular outcomes. The review revealed unique differences in GLP-1s, highlighting some of their strengths and weaknesses and which populations they can cater to preferentially...
February 2024: Cardiology Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38463003/potent-incretin-based-therapy-for-obesity-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-the-efficacy-of-semaglutide-and-tirzepatide-on-body-weight-and-waist-circumference-and-safety
#36
REVIEW
Alberte Laura Oest Müllertz, Rasmus Michael Sandsdal, Simon Birk Kjaer Jensen, Signe Sørensen Torekov
Potent incretin-based therapy shows promise for the treatment of obesity along with reduced incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease and obesity. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of the incretin-based obesity treatments, once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg and tirzepatide 10 or 15 mg, in people with obesity without diabetes. Of the 744 records identified, seven randomized controlled trials (n = 5140) were included. Five studies (n = 3288) investigated semaglutide and two studies (n = 1852) investigated tirzepatide...
March 11, 2024: Obesity Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38461904/the-role-of-g-protein-coupled-receptor-kinases-in-glp-1r-%C3%AE-arrestin-recruitment-and-internalisation
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samantha M McNeill, Jessica Lu, Carlo Marion C Carino, Asuka Inoue, Peishen Zhao, Patrick M Sexton, Denise Wootten
The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a validated clinical target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Unlike most G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the GLP-1R undergoes an atypical mode of internalisation that does not require β-arrestins. While differences in GLP-1R trafficking and β-arrestin recruitment have been observed between clinically used GLP-1R agonists, the role of G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) in affecting these pathways has not been comprehensively assessed...
March 8, 2024: Biochemical Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38458647/glp-1-receptor-agonists-in-the-treatment-of-diabetic-non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis-patients
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ernest A Adeghate
INTRODUCTION: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common hepatic disease affecting almost 30% of the world population. Approximately 25% of people with NAFLD develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the fulminant version of the disease. Diabetes mellitus is present in 22.5% of people with NAFLD and 44.60% of individuals with NASH. This review was undertaken to examine the current contribution of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists to the pharmacotherapy of diabetic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis...
March 8, 2024: Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38451873/the-glp-1r-as-a-model-for-understanding-and-exploiting-biased-agonism-in-next-generation-medicines
#39
REVIEW
Jonathan D Douros, Jacek Mokrosinski, Brian Finan
The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a class B G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) emerged as a pharmacologic target in cardiometabolic disease including diabetes and obesity over 30 years ago. The subsequent widespread clinical use of GLP-1R agonists including exenatide, liraglutide, and semaglutide has made the GLP-1R a preeminent model for understanding basic GPCR biology including the emergent field of biased agonism. Recent data demonstrate that the dual GLP-1R/glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) agonist tirzepatide exhibits a biased signaling profile characterized by preferential Gαs activation over β-arrestin recruitment, which appears to contribute to its insulinotropic and body-weight reducing effects in preclinical models...
March 1, 2024: Journal of Endocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38447814/safety-and-efficacy-of-efruxifermin-in-combination-with-a-glp-1-receptor-agonist-in-patients-with-nash-mash-and-type-2-diabetes-in-a-randomized-phase-2-study
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stephen A Harrison, Juan P Frias, K Jean Lucas, Gary Reiss, Guy Neff, Sureka Bollepalli, Yan Su, Doreen Chan, Erik J Tillman, Ali Moulton, Brittany de Temple, Arian Zari, Reshma Shringarpure, Timothy Rolph, Andrew Cheng, Kitty Yale
BACKGROUND & AIMS: In phase 2 studies, efruxifermin, an Fc-FGF21 analog, significantly reduced steatohepatitis and fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), now called metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), for which there is no approved treatment. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are prevalent among patients with MASH and increasingly treated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs). This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of efruxifermin in patients with MASH, fibrosis, and T2D taking a GLP-1RA...
March 4, 2024: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology
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