Lower GI disorders

This multi-center prospective randomized controlled trial was a tolerance and safety study investigating the thickener locust bean gum (LBG) in infants with regurgitation, to support the re-evaluation of the safety of LBG in infant formula. The primary objective was to demonstrate that after an 8-week intervention, stool consistency was not inferior (i.e., was not looser or more watery) in infants fed an anti-regurgitation (AR) formula containing LBG vs. the stool consistency of infants fed with an unthickened control formula...

The microbiota-gut-brain axis may play a role in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa (AN). Here, the relationship between the gastrointestinal microbiota and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and eating disorder pathology in patients with AN before ( n = 55) and after weight restoration ( n = 44) was investigated by reanalyzing the data of the MICROBIAN study. The gastrointestinal microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Symptoms of anxiety disorder, depression, and the severity of the eating disorder were measured by validated questionnaires...

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder primarily affecting children and adolescents. Disorders of the gut-brain interaction (DGBIs) have gained recognition as significant symptoms in individuals with AN. However, limited studies have explored GI symptoms in pediatric populations with AN using age-specific diagnostic tools. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of DGBIs, their associated psychopathological aspects and their potential correlations with ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption among pediatric AN patients...

Background: Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are a set of chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms (GS) with great psychobiological complexity. The appearance of FGIDs harms quality of life and drains medical resources. Methods: Psychometric properties of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Severity Scale (GSSS) based on Rome IV criteria were examined in a sample of 1247 individuals with typical development. Observations were randomly divided into two subsets, namely, subsample 1 ( n = 624) and subsample 2 ( n = 623)...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO), defined manometrically by impaired esophagogastric junction relaxation (EGJ) with preserved peristalsis, can be artifactual, due to secondary etiologies (mechanical, medication-induced), or a true motility disorder. The purpose of this review is to go over the evolving approach to diagnosing and treating clinically relevant EGJOO. RECENT FINDINGS: Timed barium esophagram (TBE) and the functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) are useful to identify clinically relevant EGJOO that merits lower esophageal sphincter (LES) directed therapies...

AIM: To assess the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and behavioural problems in a cohort of adolescents with a history of infant colic (IC), as defined by Wessel's criteria. METHODS: 388 adolescents, aged 15-18 years, who participated in a randomised controlled trial for infants with colic, were invited for our observational follow-up study. Prevalence of FGIDs was assessed with the Rome IV Questionnaire on Paediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders (RIV-QPGD), HRQOL through self-report of the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), and behavioural problems through parent-report of the child behaviour checklist (CBCL)...

Aquaporins (AQPs) are important for water transport in the gastrointestinal tract. Changes in their expression and/or localization could cause in disorders and be used as therapeutic targets. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is expressed predominantly on the basolateral membrane of the parietal cells in the corpus of the murine gastric glands. Although the secretion of gastric juice is not affected in AQP4-deficient knockout, we evaluated by light microscopy whether the lack of AQP4 affects the glycopatterns of secreting gastric cells...

Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) during early life emerges as a potential risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Individuals with autism commonly exhibit lower vitamin D (VD) levels compared to the general population, and VD deficiency is prevalent during pregnancy and lactation. Moreover, gastrointestinal comorbidity, prevalent in ASD patients, correlates closely with disruptions in the gut microbiota and altered intestinal permeability. Therefore, it is fascinating and significant to explore the effects of maternal VD deficiency during pregnancy and lactation on the maturation of the gut microbiota of the offspring and its relevance to autism spectrum disorders...

Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) is a life-threatening disorder. Early diagnosis is challenging because NOMI lacks specific symptoms. A 52-year-old man who received extended cholecystectomy with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy for gallbladder cancer (GBC) presented to our hospital with nausea and vomiting. Neither tender nor peritoneal irritation sign was present on abdominal examination. Blood test exhibited marked leukocytosis (WBC:19,800/mm3). A contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed remarkable wall thickening and lower contrast enhancement effect localized to Roux limb...

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are characterized by chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms (GS) that are not explained by structural or biochemical abnormalities. FGIDs are related to lower quality of life, increased demands on medical resources, and greater somatization and emotional instability. Furthermore, GS appears to be an indicator of dysbiosis in gut-microbiota, affecting the gut-microbiota-brain relationship. To develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a new instrument called the Gastrointestinal Symptom Severity Scale (GSSS) using a web-based survey in a sample of neurotypical children and adolescents from Spain...

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to determine the incidence and risk factors of blood transfusion among patients undergoing total knee revision (TKR) using a nationwide database. METHODS: A retrospective data analysis was conducted based on the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), enrolling patients who underwent TKR from 2010 to 2019 with complete information. The patients were divided into two groups based on whether they received blood transfusion or not. The demographic characteristics (race, sex, and age), length of stay (LOS), total charge of hospitalization, hospital characteristics (admission type, insurance type, bed size, teaching status, location, and region of hospital), hospital mortality, comorbidities, and perioperative complications were analyzed...

Background and study aims Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and injuries (MSIs) are frequent in gastrointestinal endoscopy. The aim of this study was to assess potential ergonomic advantages of a lighter single-use duodenoscope compared with a standard reusable one for endoscopists performing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Methods Three experienced endoscopists performed an ergonomic, preclinical, comparative protocol-guided simulation study of a single-use and a standard reusable duodenoscope using an anatomic bench model...

OBJECTIVES: To holistically evaluate neurodevelopmental outcomes and quality of life (QOL) of Japanese patients with biliary atresia (BA) and to investigate the factors associated with the outcomes. METHODS: This study enrolled patients with BA aged 5-18 years who visited Osaka University Hospital in 2021. Neurodevelopmental assessments were performed to evaluate intellectual ability, cognitive functions and adaptive skill levels. Furthermore, emotional and behavioral issues, characteristics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and QOL were concomitantly assessed in the same cohort...

OBJECTIVES: Rumination syndrome (RS) beginning in early childhood or infancy is understudied and challenging to treat. Our objective is to compare the characteristics and outcomes of early-onset (EO) and adolescent-onset (AO) patients with RS. METHODS: We conducted an ambidirectional cohort study of children diagnosed with RS at our institution. Patients were included in two groups: EO (RS symptom onset ≤5 years and diagnosis ≤12 years) and AO (onset >12 years)...

OBJECTIVES: Micronutrient deficiencies characterize classical "late-diagnosed" celiac disease (CeD). This study aimed to identify the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies among children with "early-diagnosed" screening-identified CeD to determine the clinical value of routine testing for deficiencies in those patients. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted on screening-identified CeD patients diagnosed during a mass screening study (84 patients, mean age 11...

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which shares a radiographic pattern with the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), is a specific form of chronic and progressive interstitial lung disorder resulting in persistent fibrosis and impaired lung function. Most of the patients suffer from dyspnea which adversely affects health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The underlying etiology of the disease is not yet understood, but research done on the subject reveals that aberrant repair mechanisms and dysregulated immune responses may be the cause...

Background Helicobacter pylori infection has been identified to cause constantly recurring inflammation, leading to gastrointestinal tract disorders, including carcinoma. The standard triple therapy (STT), used to eradicate H. pylori, includes two antimicrobials and a proton pump inhibitor for two weeks. Other drug regimens have also been developed since H. pylori exhibits antimicrobial resistance. These regimens, including probiotics, have been shown to lower adverse drug reactions (ADR), improve drug adherence, exert bacteriostatic effect, and reduce inflammation...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the potential benefits of Bacteroides fragilis 839 (BF839), a next-generation probiotics, in reducing myelosuppression and gastrointestinal toxicity associated with chemotherapy in breast cancer patient. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: 40 women with early breast cancer were randomly assigned to the BF839 (n=20) or placebo (n=20) during the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy (4 cycles of epirubicin 100mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 600mg/m2)...

INTRODUCTION: Tirzepatide is a novel glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist. In the SURPASS-AP-Combo trial, once-weekly tirzepatide was associated with improved glycemic control and weight loss versus insulin glargine and was generally well tolerated in an Asia-Pacific, predominately Chinese, population with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This post hoc subgroup analysis of SURPASS-AP-Combo assessed the potential influence of patient baseline characteristics on the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide...

Epithelial damage due to gastrointestinal disorders frequently causes severe disease in horses. To study the underlying pathophysiological processes, we aimed to establish equine jejunum and colon enteroids (eqJE, eqCE) mimicking the in vivo epithelium. Therefore, enteroids were cultivated in four different media for differentiation and subsequently characterized histomorphologically, on mRNA and on protein level in comparison to the native epithelium of the same donor horses to identify ideal culture conditions for an in vitro model system...