keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38515284/glycolanguage-of-the-oral-microbiota
#21
REVIEW
Fiona F Hager-Mair, Susanne Bloch, Christina Schäffer
The oral cavity harbors a diverse and dynamic bacterial biofilm community which is pivotal to oral health maintenance and, if turning dysbiotic, can contribute to various diseases. Glycans as unsurpassed carriers of biological information are participating in underlying processes that shape oral health and disease. Bacterial glycoinfrastructure-encompassing compounds as diverse as glycoproteins, lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), cell wall glycopolymers, and exopolysaccharides-is well known to influence bacterial fitness, with direct effects on bacterial physiology, immunogenicity, lifestyle, and interaction and colonization capabilities...
March 21, 2024: Molecular Oral Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38513656/opposing-diet-microbiome-and-metabolite-mechanisms-regulate-inflammatory-bowel-disease-in-a-genetically-susceptible-host
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gabriel Vasconcelos Pereira, Marie Boudaud, Mathis Wolter, Celeste Alexander, Alessandro De Sciscio, Erica T Grant, Bruno Caetano Trindade, Nicholas A Pudlo, Shaleni Singh, Austin Campbell, Mengrou Shan, Li Zhang, Qinnan Yang, Stéphanie Willieme, Kwi Kim, Trisha Denike-Duval, Jaime Fuentes, André Bleich, Thomas M Schmidt, Lucy Kennedy, Costas A Lyssiotis, Grace Y Chen, Kathryn A Eaton, Mahesh S Desai, Eric C Martens
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic conditions characterized by periods of spontaneous intestinal inflammation and are increasing in industrialized populations. Combined with host genetics, diet and gut bacteria are thought to contribute prominently to IBDs, but mechanisms are still emerging. In mice lacking the IBD-associated cytokine, interleukin-10, we show that a fiber-deprived gut microbiota promotes the deterioration of colonic mucus, leading to lethal colitis. Inflammation starts with the expansion of natural killer cells and altered immunoglobulin-A coating of some bacteria...
March 18, 2024: Cell Host & Microbe
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38512630/ct-prognostic-signs-of-postoperative-complications-in-emergency-surgery-for-acute-obstructive-colonic-cancer
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Filomena Pezzullo, Rosita Comune, Raffaelle D'Avino, Ylenia Mandato, Carlo Liguori, Giulia Lassandro, Fabio Tamburro, Michele Galluzzo, Mariano Scaglione, Stefania Tamburrini
PURPOSE: To identify CT prognostic signs of poor outcomes in acute obstructive colonic cancer (AOCC). METHODS: Demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological and surgical data of 65 consecutive patients with AOCC who underwent emergency surgery were analyzed. CT exams were reviewed to assess diameters of cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid proximal to the tumor; colon segments' CD/L1-VD ratios, continence of the ileocecal valve, small bowel overdistension, presence of small bowel feces sign and cecal pneumatosis...
March 21, 2024: La Radiologia Medica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38511002/combination-of-autochthonous-lactobacillus-strains-and-trans-cinnamaldehyde-in-water-reduces-salmonella-heidelberg-in-turkey-poults
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Grace Dewi, Shijinaraj Manjankattil, Claire Peichel, Timothy J Johnson, Sally Noll, Carol Cardona, Anup Kollanoor Johny
Reducing the colonization of Salmonella in turkeys is critical to mitigating the risk of its contamination at later stages of production. Given the increased susceptibility of newly hatched poults to Salmonella colonization, it is crucial to implement interventions that target potential transmission routes, including drinking water. As no individual intervention explored to date is known to eliminate Salmonella , the United States Department of Agriculture-Food Safety Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS) recommends employing multiple hurdles to achieve a more meaningful reduction and minimize the potential emergence of resistance...
2024: Frontiers in Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38510272/elucidating-the-role-of-twist1-in-ulcerative-colitis-a-comprehensive-bioinformatics-and-machine-learning-approach
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wenjie Ou, Zhaoxue Qi, Ning Liu, Junzi Zhang, Xuguang Mi, Yuan Song, Yanqiu Fang, Baiying Cui, Junjie Hou, Zhixin Yuan
Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common and progressive inflammatory bowel disease primarily affecting the colon and rectum. Prolonged inflammation can lead to colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). While the exact cause of UC remains unknown, this study aims to investigate the role of the TWIST1 gene in UC. Methods: Second-generation sequencing data from adult UC patients were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and characteristic genes were selected using machine learning and Lasso regression...
2024: Frontiers in Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38510204/engineered-microorganisms-a-new-direction-in-kidney-stone-prevention-and-treatment
#26
REVIEW
Wenlong Wan, Weisong Wu, Yirixiatijiang Amier, Xianmiao Li, Junyi Yang, Yisheng Huang, Yang Xun, Xiao Yu
Numerous studies have shown that intestinal and urinary tract flora are closely related to the formation of kidney stones. The removal of probiotics represented by lactic acid bacteria and the colonization of pathogenic bacteria can directly or indirectly promote the occurrence of kidney stones. However, currently existing natural probiotics have limitations. Synthetic biology is an emerging discipline in which cells or living organisms are genetically designed and modified to have biological functions that meet human needs, or even create new biological systems, and has now become a research hotspot in various fields...
June 2024: Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38509056/current-diagnosis-and-management-of-acute-colonic-diverticulitis-what-you-need-to-know
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lisa M Kodadek, Kimberly A Davis
Acute colonic diverticulitis is a common disease treated by acute care surgeons. Acute uncomplicated colonic diverticulitis involves thickening of the colon wall and inflammatory changes and less commonly requires the expertise of a surgeon; many cases may be treated as an outpatient with or without antibiotics. Complicated diverticulitis involves phlegmon, abscess, peritonitis, obstruction, stricture, and/or fistula and usually requires inpatient hospital admission, treatment with antibiotics, and consideration for intervention including operative management...
March 21, 2024: Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38509040/co-developing-theories-of-change-for-improved-community-based-violence-intervention-evaluation
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julia P Schleimer, Vivian Lyons, Dominique Smith, Fatima Ali, Latasha Averett, Marcel Baugh, Lina Benson, Jacques Colon, Jaclyn Cook, Dominique Davis, Marie Diandy, Aaron Fox, Elaine Gonzalez, Aaron Johnson, Alvin Boomer Lowe, Marvin Marshall, Bridgette Maryman, Vicky McLaurin, Deepika Nehra, Alfredo Orozco, Katoya Palmer, Rafael Serrano, Zoe Shrader, Carolyn Thurston, Erin Watlington, Laura Waskewitz, Emily Westlake, Kristian Jones, Ali Rowhani-Rahbar
BACKGROUND: Community-based violence intervention (CVI) programs are considered important strategies for preventing community violence and promoting health and safety. Mixed and inconclusive results from some prior CVI evaluations-and our general lack of understanding about the reasons for such varied findings-may be explained in part by misalignment of program theories of change and evaluation measures. Further, most prior evaluations have focused solely on deficit-based outcomes; this narrow focus is inconsistent with the premise of CVI and may fail to capture improvements in health and wellbeing that are on the hypothesized pathway from intervention to violence reduction...
March 21, 2024: Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38508606/transgastric-drainage-for-subdiaphragmatic-abscess-secondary-to-perforation-of-the-sigmoid-colon-after-cytoreductive-surgery-for-advanced-ovarian-cancer
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Takuya Yokoe, Hiroshi Shiraga, Tsukasa Ikeura, Masato Kita
Drainage of subdiaphragmatic abscesses is difficult due to its anatomical location and it can result in adverse events, including organ damage and the spread of infection. In recent years, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) guided drainage for upper abdominal abscesses has become available. We report a case of successful infection control using this procedure for a subdiaphragmatic cyst secondary to perforation of the sigmoid colon after cytoreductive surgery for advanced ovarian cancer. A Japanese woman in her 60s underwent laparotomy for ovarian cancer, and then developed sigmoid colon perforation 6 days after surgery...
March 19, 2024: BMJ Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38508579/ruptured-mycotic-thoracic-aortic-aneurysm-in-the-setting-of-streptococcus-bacteremia-with-underlying-colonic-malignancy
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jesse Chait, Bernardo C Mendes
Ruptured mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) pose complex clinical challenges which are often compounded by existing comorbidities of the typical patient. We present the case of an 85-year-old female presenting emergently with a ruptured mycotic TAA with underlying Streptococcus bacteremia who was successfully treated with a thoracic endograft and antibiotics.
March 20, 2024: Aorta (Stamford, Conn.)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38506656/anti-inflammatory-probiotics-hf05-and-hf06-synergistically-alleviate-ulcerative-colitis-and-secondary-liver-injury
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chunhong Liu, Xiaofen Qi, Xiaolin Liu, Yue Sun, Kaidong Mao, Guiqi Shen, Ying Ma, Qingming Li
Given the limited efficacy and adverse effects associated with conventional drugs, probiotics are emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy for mitigating the chronic nature of ulcerative colitis (UC) and its consequential secondary liver injury (SLI). Limosilactobacillus fermentum HF06 and Lactiplatibacillus plantarum HF05 are strains we screened with excellent anti-inflammatory and probiotic properties in vitro . In this study, the intervention of HF06 and HF05 in combination (MIXL) was found to be more effective in alleviating intestinal inflammation and secondary liver injury in UC mice compared to supplementing with the two strains individually...
March 20, 2024: Food & Function
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38504141/breast-and-bowel-cancers-diagnosed-in-people-too-young-to-have-cancer-a-blueprint-for-research-using-family-and-twin-studies
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
John L Hopper, Shuai Li, Robert J MacInnis, James G Dowty, Tuong L Nguyen, Minh Bui, Gillian S Dite, Vivienne F C Esser, Zhoufeng Ye, Enes Makalic, Daniel F Schmidt, Benjamin Goudey, Karen Alpen, Miroslaw Kapuscinski, Aung Ko Win, Pierre-Antoine Dugué, Roger L Milne, Harindra Jayasekara, Jennifer D Brooks, Sue Malta, Lucas Calais-Ferreira, Alexander C Campbell, Jesse T Young, Tu Nguyen-Dumont, Joohon Sung, Graham G Giles, Daniel Buchanan, Ingrid Winship, Mary Beth Terry, Melissa C Southey, Mark A Jenkins
Young breast and bowel cancers (e.g., those diagnosed before age 40 or 50 years) have far greater morbidity and mortality in terms of years of life lost, and are increasing in incidence, but have been less studied. For breast and bowel cancers, the familial relative risks, and therefore the familial variances in age-specific log(incidence), are much greater at younger ages, but little of these familial variances has been explained. Studies of families and twins can address questions not easily answered by studies of unrelated individuals alone...
March 19, 2024: Genetic Epidemiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38504057/colonic-intussusception-after-endoscopic-mucosal-resection-successfully-managed-by-endoscopic-procedure
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Keiichi Hashiguchi, Shoichiro Mine, Junya Shiota, Taro Akashi, Maiko Tabuchi, Moto Kitayama, Kayoko Matsushima, Yuko Akazawa, Naoyuki Yamaguchi, Kazuhiko Nakao
Adult-onset intussusception, particularly associated with colonoscopy, is extremely rare. A 78-year-old man, referred to our hospital for colonic endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), experienced subsequent dull abdominal pain, as well as elevated peripheral blood leukocytosis and C-reactive protein levels. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a colocolonic intussusception at the hepatic flexure. Emergency colonoscopy revealed ball-like swollen mucosa distal to the EMR site of the ascending colon. The mucosa was intact without necrosis...
March 20, 2024: Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38503904/stenting-as-bridge-to-surgery-versus-upfront-emergency-resection-for-non-metastatic-left-sided-obstructing-colorectal-cancer-risk-of-peritoneal-recurrence-and-long-term-outcomes
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wenjie Lin, Aik Yong Chok, Isaac Seow-En, Emile Kwong-Wei Tan
BACKGROUND: Oncological outcomes of stenting as a bridge to surgery (SBTS) remain a major concern, despite perioperative benefits it offers. This study aims to evaluate the differences in recurrence patterns and survival in patients with non-metastatic, obstructing left sided colon cancers treated by SBTS versus upfront emergency surgery (ES). METHODS: This is a retrospective, single-centre cohort study of 227 consecutive patients with non-metastatic, obstructing left sided colon cancer between 2007 and 2016...
March 19, 2024: Surgical Endoscopy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38503567/wheat-rhizosphere-dynamics-of-trichoderma-gamsii-a5mh-and-suppression-of-a-pythium-root-rot-fusarium-crown-rot-disease-complex-over-two-consecutive-cropping-seasons
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Belinda E Stummer, Xinjian Zhang, Minoo J Moghaddam, Hetong Yang, Paul R Harvey
AIMS: Determine the wheat rhizosphere competence of Trichoderma gamsii strain A5MH and in planta suppression of the Pythium root and Fusarium crown rot pathogens Globisporangium irregulare and Fusarium pseudograminearum. METHODS AND RESULTS: Wheat was continuously cropped (eight years) at a minimum tillage, low growing season rainfall (GSR ≤ 170 mm) site shown as highly conducive to Pythium root and Fusarium crown rots. Root isolation frequency (RIF) and qPCR was used to determine the rhizosphere dynamics of strain A5MH and the target pathogens at tillering, grain harvest and in postharvest stubble over the final two years...
March 19, 2024: Journal of Applied Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38500875/isolation-and-high-dimensional-flow-cytometric-analysis-of-tumor-infiltrating-leukocytes-in-a-mouse-model-of-colorectal-cancer
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christina Eich, Johannes F Vogt, Vivian Längst, Björn E Clausen, Nadine Hövelmeyer
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex and heterogeneous disease characterized by dysregulated interactions between tumor cells and the immune system. The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in cancer initiation as well as progression, with myeloid immune cells such as dendritic cell and macrophage subsets playing diverse roles in cancer immunity. On one hand, they exert anti-tumor effects, but they can also contribute to tumor growth. The AOM/DSS colitis-associated cancer mouse model has emerged as a valuable tool to investigate inflammation-driven CRC...
2024: Frontiers in Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38500583/postbiotics-emerging-therapeutic-approach-in-diabetic-retinopathy
#37
REVIEW
Qin Chen, Xue-Jian Li, Wei Xie, Zhao-An Su, Guang-Ming Qin, Chen-Huan Yu
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prevalent microvascular complication in diabetic patients that poses a serious risk as it can cause substantial visual impairment and even vision loss. Due to the prolonged onset of DR, lengthy treatment duration, and limited therapeutic effectiveness, it is extremely important to find a new strategy for the treatment of DR. Postbiotic is an emerging dietary supplement which consists of the inactivate microbiota and its metabolites. Numerous animal experiments have demonstrated that intervention with postbiotics reduces hyperglycemia, attenuates retinal peripapillary and endothelial cell damage, improves retinal microcirculatory dysfunction, and consequently delays the progression of DR...
2024: Frontiers in Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38499914/postoperative-outcomes-and-identification-of-risk-factors-for-complications-after-emergency-intestinal-stoma-surgery-a-multicentre-retrospective-study
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Scott MacDonald, Li-Siang Wong, Hwei Jene Ng, Claire Hastings, Immogen Ross, Tara Quasim, Susan Moug
AIM: Approximately 4000 patients in the UK have an emergency intestinal stoma formed each year. Stoma-related complications (SRCs) are heterogeneous but have previously been subcategorized into early or late SRCs, with early SRCs generally occurring within 30 days postoperatively. Early SRCs include skin excoriation, stoma necrosis and high output, while late SRCs include parastomal hernia, retraction and prolapse. There is a paucity of research on specific risk factors within the emergency cohort for development of SRCs...
March 18, 2024: Colorectal Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38498820/chapter-2-what-is-life
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stephanie Colón-Santos, Alberto Vázquez-Salazar, Alyssa Adams, José Alberto Campillo-Balderas, Ricardo Hernández-Morales, Rodrigo Jácome, Israel Muñoz-Velasco, Laura E Rodriguez, Micah J Schaible, George A Schaible, Nadia Szeinbaum, Jennifer L Thweatt, Gareth Trubl
The question "What is life?" has existed since the beginning of recorded history. However, the scientific and philosophical contexts of this question have changed and been refined as advancements in technology have revealed both fine details and broad connections in the network of life on Earth. Understanding the framework of the question "What is life?" is central to formulating other questions such as "Where else could life be?" and "How do we search for life elsewhere?" While many of these questions are addressed throughout the Astrobiology Primer 3...
March 2024: Astrobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38498819/chapter-9-life-as-we-don-t-know-it
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Natalie Grefenstette, Luoth Chou, Stephanie Colón-Santos, Theresa M Fisher, Veronica Mierzejewski, Ceren Nural, Pritvik Sinhadc, Monica Vidaurri, Lena Vincent, Maggie Meiqi Weng
While Earth contains the only known example of life in the universe, it is possible that life elsewhere is fundamentally different from what we are familiar with. There is an increased recognition in the astrobiology community that the search for life should steer away from terran-specific biosignatures to those that are more inclusive to all life-forms. To start exploring the space of possibilities that life could occupy, we can try to dissociate life from the chemistry that composes it on Earth by envisioning how different life elsewhere could be in composition, lifestyle, medium, and form, and by exploring how the general principles that govern living systems on Earth might be found in different forms and environments across the Solar System...
March 2024: Astrobiology
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