keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38496115/a-rare-case-of-duodenal-adenocarcinoma-with-brain-metastasis
#21
Hariharasudan Mani, Alisha Hossain, Elsie Lee, Muhammad Rizvi
Small bowel malignancies are relatively rare, accounting for only 3% of all gastrointestinal cancers. Duodenum is the most common location among small bowel cancers, followed by Jejunum and then Ileum. Duodenal adenocarcinoma produces vague symptoms, leading to late presentation and a poor prognosis compared to similarly staged colon cancer. It is rare to have brain metastasis in duodenal adenocarcinoma, and not many case reports have been reported. Only approximately 6% of patients with gastrointestinal malignancy have brain metastasis...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38494939/design-and-development-of-hypertuned-deep-learning-frameworks-for-detection-and-severity-grading-of-brain-tumor-using-medical-brain-mr-images
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Neha Bhardwaj, Meenakshi Sood, Sandeep Singh Gill
BACKGROUND: Brain tumor is a grave illness causing worldwide fatalities. The current detection methods for brain tumors are manual, invasive, and rely on histopathological analysis. Determining the type of brain tumor after its detection relies on biopsy measures and involves human subjectivity. The use of automated CAD techniques for brain tumor detection and classification can overcome these drawbacks. OBJECTIVE: The paper aims to create two deep learning-based CAD frameworks for automatic detection and severity grading of brain tumors - the first model for brain tumor detection in brain MR images and model 2 for the classification of tumors into three types: Glioma, Meningioma, and Pituitary based on severity grading...
March 15, 2024: Current medical imaging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491027/highly-sensitive-spatial-transcriptomics-using-fishnchips-of-multiple-co-expressed-genes
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xinrui Zhou, Wan Yi Seow, Norbert Ha, Teh How Cheng, Lingfan Jiang, Jeeranan Boonruangkan, Jolene Jie Lin Goh, Shyam Prabhakar, Nigel Chou, Kok Hao Chen
High-dimensional, spatially resolved analysis of intact tissue samples promises to transform biomedical research and diagnostics, but existing spatial omics technologies are costly and labor-intensive. We present Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization of Cellular HeterogeneIty and gene expression Programs (FISHnCHIPs) for highly sensitive in situ profiling of cell types and gene expression programs. FISHnCHIPs achieves this by simultaneously imaging ~2-35 co-expressed genes (clustered into modules) that are spatially co-localized in tissues, resulting in similar spatial information as single-gene Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH), but with ~2-20-fold higher sensitivity...
March 15, 2024: Nature Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38490454/clinical-challenge-looking-beyond-blurred-margins
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jimmy S Chen, Bobby S Korn, Andrew R Carey, Peter J Savino
A 60-year-old man presented to an outside ophthalmology clinic with 1 month of progressive vision loss in the right eye (OD). Right optic disc edema was noted. Brain and orbit magnetic resonance imaging revealed right optic nerve and left occipital lobe enhancement. He was seen initially by neurology and neurosurgery and subsequently referred to neuro-ophthalmology for consideration of optic nerve biopsy. He was seen 3 months after his initial symptom onset where vision was light perception OD and a relative afferent pupillary defect with optic nerve edema...
March 13, 2024: Survey of Ophthalmology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38489807/influence-of-socioeconomic-status-on-clinical-outcomes-of-diffuse-midline-glioma-and-diffuse-intrinsic-pontine-glioma
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
John H Lee, Katherine G Holste, Momodou G Bah, Andrea T Franson, Hugh J L Garton, Cormac O Maher, Karin M Muraszko
OBJECTIVE: Given the lack of a definitive treatment and the poor prognosis of patients with diffuse midline glioma (DMG) and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), socioeconomic status (SES) may affect treatment access and therefore survival. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between SES and treatment modalities, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) in children with DMG/DIPG. METHODS: A retrospective, single-institution review was conducted of medical records of patients ≤ 18 years of age who had DMG or DIPG that was diagnosed between 2000 and 2022...
March 15, 2024: Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38488694/in-vivo-intelligent-fluorescence-endo-microscopy-by-varifocal-meta-device-and-deep-learning
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yu-Hsin Chia, Wei-Hao Liao, Sunil Vyas, Cheng Hung Chu, Takeshi Yamaguchi, Xiaoyuan Liu, Takuo Tanaka, Yi-You Huang, Mu Ku Chen, Wen-Shiang Chen, Din Ping Tsai, Yuan Luo
Endo-microscopy is crucial for real-time 3D visualization of internal tissues and subcellular structures. Conventional methods rely on axial movement of optical components for precise focus adjustment, limiting miniaturization and complicating procedures. Meta-device, composed of artificial nanostructures, is an emerging optical flat device that can freely manipulate the phase and amplitude of light. Here, an intelligent fluorescence endo-microscope is developed based on varifocal meta-lens and deep learning (DL)...
March 15, 2024: Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38488547/connecting-cellular-mechanisms-and-extracellular-vesicle-cargo-in-traumatic-brain-injury
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nikita Ollen-Bittle, Austyn D Roseborough, Wenxuan Wang, Jeng-Liang D Wu, Shawn N Whitehead
Traumatic brain injury is followed by a cascade of dynamic and complex events occurring at the cellular level. These events include: diffuse axonal injury, neuronal cell death, blood-brain barrier break down, glial activation and neuroinflammation, edema, ischemia, vascular injury, energy failure, and peripheral immune cell infiltration. The timing of these events post injury has been linked to injury severity and functional outcome. Extracellular vesicles are membrane bound secretory vesicles that contain markers and cargo pertaining to their cell of origin and can cross the blood-brain barrier...
October 1, 2024: Neural Regeneration Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38481938/evaluating-circulating-tumour-cell-enrichment-techniques-to-establish-an-appropriate-method-for-clinical-application-in-glioblastomas
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hannah R Barber, Claire M Perks, Kathreena M Kurian
Brain tumours reduce life expectancy for an average of 20 years per patient, the highest of any cancer. A third of brain tumour patients visit their GP at least five times before diagnosis and many of those are diagnosed late through emergency departments. A possible solution to this challenge is to utilise a "liquid biopsy" blood test designed for circulating tumour cells (CTCs). Such a test could be applied at a primary healthcare centre, contributing to informed decision making for diagnostic imaging referrals...
2024: Frontiers in Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38477063/the-predominance-of-astrocytic-intranuclear-inclusions-in-neuronal-intranuclear-inclusion-disease-manifesting-encephalopathy-like-symptoms-a-case-series-with-brain-biopsy
#29
Keisuke Ishizawa, Takashi Komori, Taku Homma, Jun Sone, Yasuhiro Nakata, Yoshihiko Nakazato, Kazushi Takahashi, Toshimasa Yamamoto, Atsushi Sasaki
Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a neurodegenerative disorder represented by eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions (EIIs) and GGC/CGG repeat expansion in the NOTCH2NLC gene. We report here two adult cases of NIID, genetically confirmed, with manifestation of encephalopathy-like symptoms and address the histopathologic findings obtained by brain biopsies, with a focus on "astrocytic" intranuclear inclusions (AIIs). Case 1 presented with paroxysmal restlessness, vertigo, or fever and was later involved in severe dementia and tetraparesis...
March 13, 2024: Neuropathology: Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38476427/stereotactic-biopsy-for-brain-lesions-doing-more-with-less
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mayank Singh, T P Waseem Ahamed, Ved Prakash Maurya, Pragya Gupta, Kamlesh Singh Bhaisora, Arun Kumar Srivastava, Pawan Kumar Verma, Kuntal Kanti Das, Ashutosh Kumar, Priyadarshi Dikshit, Anant Mehrotra, Awadhesh Kumar Jaiswal, Sanjay Behari, Raj Kumar
OBJECTIVES: Stereotactic biopsy (STB) is a potential diagnostic tool considering its minimal invasiveness, high diagnostic yield, and minimal associated complications. Over the years, various frame-based instrument systems and frameless stereotactic biopsy systems have emerged to be employed in clinical use. With this study, we intend to get more by doing less in the form of STB for the patients of doubtful intracranial lesions treated over the past 5 years. We also want to highlight the technique of performing the procedure under scalp block, which can be used as a versatile tool in many clinical scenarios...
2024: Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38474106/relationship-between-the-expression-of-matrix-metalloproteinases-and-their-tissue-inhibitors-in-patients-with-brain-tumors
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katarina Dibdiakova, Zuzana Majercikova, Tomas Galanda, Romana Richterova, Branislav Kolarovszki, Peter Racay, Jozef Hatok
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) play critical roles in regulating processes associated with malignant behavior. These endopeptidases selectively degrade components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), growth factors, and their receptors, contributing to cancer cell invasiveness and migratory characteristics by disrupting the basal membrane. However, the expression profile and role of various matrix metalloproteinases remain unclear, and only a few studies have focused on differences between diagnoses of brain tumors...
March 1, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38473369/liquid-biopsy-for-glioma-using-cell-free-dna-in-cerebrospinal-fluid
#32
REVIEW
Ryosuke Otsuji, Yutaka Fujioka, Nobuhiro Hata, Daisuke Kuga, Ryusuke Hatae, Yuhei Sangatsuda, Akira Nakamizo, Masahiro Mizoguchi, Koji Yoshimoto
Glioma is one of the most common primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors, and its molecular diagnosis is crucial. However, surgical resection or biopsy is risky when the tumor is located deep in the brain or brainstem. In such cases, a minimally invasive approach to liquid biopsy is beneficial. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA), which directly reflects tumor-specific genetic changes, has attracted attention as a target for liquid biopsy, and blood-based cfDNA monitoring has been demonstrated for other extra-cranial cancers...
February 29, 2024: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38473288/establishment-of-different-intraoperative-monitoring-and-mapping-techniques-and-their-impact-on-survival-extent-of-resection-and-clinical-outcome-in-patients-with-high-grade-gliomas-a-series-of-631-patients-in-14-years
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Franziska Staub-Bartelt, Marian Preetham Suresh Babu, Andrea Szelényi, Marion Rapp, Michael Sabel
BACKGROUND: The resection of brain tumors can be critical concerning localization, but is a key point in treating gliomas. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM), awake craniotomy, and mapping procedures have been incorporated over the years. Using these intraoperative techniques, the resection of eloquent-area tumors without increasing postoperative morbidity became possible. This study aims to analyze short-term and particularly long-term outcomes in patients diagnosed with high-grade glioma, who underwent surgical resection under various technical intraoperative settings over 14 years...
February 25, 2024: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38471800/an-autopsy-proven-case-based-review-of-autoimmune-encephalitis
#34
REVIEW
Yu-Mi Shim, Seong-Ik Kim, So Dug Lim, Kwanghoon Lee, Eric Eunshik Kim, Jae Kyung Won, Sung-Hye Park
Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) is a type of immunoreactive encephalitic disorder and is recognized as the most prevalent noninfectious encephalitis. Nevertheless, the rarity of definitive AIE diagnosis through biopsy or autopsy represents a significant hurdle to understanding and managing the disease. In this article, we present the pathological findings of AIE and review the literature based on a distinct case of AIE presenting as CD8+ T-lymphocyte predominant encephalitis. We describe the clinical progression, diagnostic imaging, laboratory data, and autopsy findings of an 80-year-old deceased male patient...
February 29, 2024: Experimental Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38469354/proteasome-localization-and-activity-in-pig-brain-and-in-vivo-small-molecule-screening-for-activators
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Adriana Amrein Almira, May W Chen, Nagat El Demerdash, Cameron Javdan, Dongseok Park, Jennifer K Lee, Lee J Martin
INTRODUCTION: Loss of proteasome function, proteinopathy, and proteotoxicity may cause neurodegeneration across the human lifespan in several forms of brain injury and disease. Drugs that activate brain proteasomes in vivo could thus have a broad therapeutic impact in neurology. METHODS: Using pigs, a clinically relevant large animal with a functionally compartmental gyrencephalic cerebral cortex, we evaluated the localization and biochemical activity of brain proteasomes and tested the ability of small molecules to activate brain proteasomes...
2024: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38469008/tuberculosis-clich%C3%A3-or-outsider
#36
Leonor Gama, Josiana Duarte, Inês Martins, Ana Santos E Silva, Henrique Rita
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease with the potential for multisystemic dissemination, including the central nervous system (CNS). It is difficult to diagnose when the central nervous system is involved. Brain biopsy is the diagnostic method par excellence for diagnostic confirmation; however, as it is an invasive method and therefore not free from risks, before carrying it out, extra-CNS sites should be privileged, whenever available, through mycobacteriological culture. Here, we present a case of a 34-year-old female with chronic onset of neurologic semiology, whose diagnostic evolution culminated in the diagnosis of cerebral tuberculomas and miliary tuberculosis...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38468661/calvarial-multiple-myeloma-raindrop-skull
#37
Ali Alkhaibary, Ahoud Alharbi, Sami Khairy
BACKGROUND: The "Raindrop skull" appearance represents the multiple punched-out and lytic lesions hitting a surface and creating a scattered splash pattern. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 73-year-old female presented with multiple painless lumps over the forehead and head. The patient reported unintentional weight loss, fatigability, loss of appetite, fever, night sweats, and back pain for seven months (B symptoms). The examination revealed multiple, nonmobile, calvarial lesions with defined borders, measuring approximately 1 × 1 cm...
2024: Surgical Neurology International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38466086/comprehensive-analysis-of-myb-mybl1-altered-pediatric-type-diffuse-low-grade-glioma
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniel C Moreira, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Susan Spiller, Thomas W Bouldin, Alan Davidson, Nasjla Saba-Silva, Daniel V Sullivan, Ryuma Tanaka, Aaron S Wagner, Matthew Wood, Paul Klimo, Godwin Job, Meenakshi Devidas, Xiaoyu Li, Amar Gajjar, Giles W Robinson, Jason Chiang
BACKGROUND: Pediatric-type diffuse low-grade gliomas (pLGG) harboring recurrent genetic alterations involving MYB or MYBL1 are closely related tumors. Detailed treatment and outcome data of large cohorts are still limited. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate pLGG with these alterations to define optimal therapeutic strategies. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed details of pLGG with MYB or MYBL1 alterations from patients treated or referred for pathologic review at St...
March 11, 2024: Neuro-oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38463225/case-report-pathological-complete-response-of-pregnancy-associated-pulmonary-enteric-adenocarcinoma-to-chemoradiotherapy
#39
Yukiko Nemoto, Koji Kuroda, Rintaro Oyama, Masataka Mori, Shohei Shimajiri, Fumihiro Tanaka
Pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma (PEAC) is a rare lung adenocarcinoma with morphological features similar to those of primary and metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma. To date, only a few studies have reported the therapeutic effects of chemoradiotherapy on PEAC. This report describes the case of a 28-year-old woman with pregnancy-related PEAC who presented with left shoulder pain. A superior sulcus tumor was identified in the left thoracic cavity, and the biopsy indicated more than 50% intestinal differentiation components...
2024: Frontiers in Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38463149/primary-non-function-of-hepatic-allograft-with-preexisting-microvesicular-steatosis-foamy-degeneration-and-mild-large-droplet-macrovesicular-steatosis
#40
Melissa E Limia, Xiu Li Liu, Jennifer Yu, Kathleen Byrnes
It has been established that more than mild large-droplet macrovesicular steatosis (LD-MAS) is associated with increased risk of graft non-function. In contrast, even severe small-droplet macrovesicular steatosis (SD-MAS) has been found to be less prognostically significant. It remains unclear if a donor liver with diffuse microvesicular steatosis is associated with an increased risk of graft dysfunction. A 56-year-old male with alcoholic cirrhosis was transplanted with a liver from a 42-year-old overweight male donor after brain death...
February 2024: Gastroenterology Research
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