Premature newborn

PROBLEM/CONDITION: A 2019 report quantified the higher percentage of potentially excess (preventable) deaths in U.S. nonmetropolitan areas compared with metropolitan areas during 2010-2017. In that report, CDC compared national, regional, and state estimates of preventable premature deaths from the five leading causes of death in nonmetropolitan and metropolitan counties during 2010-2017. This report provides estimates of preventable premature deaths for additional years (2010-2022). PERIOD COVERED: 2010-2022...

BACKGROUND: Hypoglycemia is the commonest metabolic abnormality encountered in newborns. Besides, there is a growing body of evidence that links the causes of early neonatal mortality to neonatal hypoglycemia in Tanzania. However exact factors associated with asymptomatic hypoglycemia in preterm newborns are not known. OBJECTIVE: To assess factors associated with asymptomatic hypoglycemia among preterm newborns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional, analytical hospital- based study was carried out at Dar es salaam public regional referral hospitals...

IMPORTANCE: Prospective long-term data after retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treatment with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections vs laser therapy are scarce. The FIREFLEYE (Aflibercept for ROP IVT Injection vs Laser Therapy) next trial is prospectively evaluating the long-term efficacy and safety outcomes following ROP treatment with intravitreal aflibercept vs laser therapy. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate 2-year ophthalmic and safety outcomes after 0.4-mg aflibercept injection or laser therapy in the 24-week randomized (2:1) FIREFLEYE trial (FIREFLEYE outcomes previously reported)...

Objective To analyze the incidence rate of birth defects in infants born at different gestational ages and birth weights,so as to provide a basis for improving the surveillance system and reducing the incidence of birth defects. Methods Data of all perinatal infants born at and after 28 weeks of gestation and within 7 days after delivery in all the hospitals with the obstetrical department from October 1,2003 to September 30,2015 were collected. Results From 2003 to 2015,1 236 937 perinatal infants were monitored,including 10 619 with birth defects (incidence rate of 8...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the feeding characteristics and growth of children with prenatal exposure to Zika virus (ZIKV) from birth to 48 months. DESIGN: Using data from the prospective Microcephaly Epidemic Research Group Pediatric Cohort (MERG-PC), children without microcephaly born to mothers with evidence of ZIKV infection during pregnancy (ZIKV-exposed children without microcephaly) and children with Zika-related microcephaly were compared using repeated cross-sectional analyses within the following age strata: birth; 1 to 12; 13 to 24; 25 to 36; and 37 to 48 months...

INTRODUCTION: In neonatology, the accurate determination of vital parameters plays a pivotal role in monitoring critically ill newborns and premature infants, as well as aiding in disease diagnosis. In response to the limitations associated with contact-based measurement methods, substantial efforts have been directed toward developing contactless measurement techniques, particularly over the past decade. METHODS: Building upon the insights gained from our pilot study, we realized a new investigation to assess the precision of our imaging photoplethysmography-based system within a clinical environment of the neonatal intermediate care unit...

INTRODUCTION: pre-eclampsia (PE) is a multisystemic pregnancy-specific hypertensive disorder associated with significant adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Maternal serum uric acid level is hypothesized as a reliable marker for predicting the severity and adverse outcomes of pre-eclampsia and facilitating clinical decisions. This study explored the association between maternal serum uric acid and adverse pregnancy outcomes in pre-eclampsia. METHODS: a cross-sectional study involving women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia was conducted at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), a tertiary hospital in Ghana...

PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility of implementing Listening Visits (LV) in an Italian neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This feasibility implementation of LV included empathic listening and problem-solving sessions provided by a psychologist to 26 parents of hospitalized preterm newborns. Using the RE-AIM implementation framework, three facets of feasibility were assessed: reach, adoption, and implementation. RESULTS: It is feasible to integrate LV into the NICU: 76% of families were willing to try LV (reach)...

INTRODUCTION: Intraamniotic infection (IAI) and subsequent early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) are among the main complications associated with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM). Currently used diagnostic tools have been shown to have poor diagnostic performance for IAI. This study aimed to investigate whether the exposure to IAI before delivery is associated with short-term variation of the fetal heart rate in pregnancies with PPROM. METHODS: Observational cohort study of 678 pregnancies with PPROM, delivering between 24 + 0 and 33 + 6 gestational weeks from 2012 to 2019 in five labor units in Stockholm County, Sweden...

Insight into neuroembryology, developmental neuroanatomy and neurophysiology distinguish the diagnostic approaches of paediatric from adult neurologists and general paediatricians. These fundamental disciplines of basic neuroscience could be more effectively taught during paediatric neurology and most residency programmes, that will strengthen career-long learning. Interdisciplinary training of fetal-neonatal neurology within these programs requires working knowledge of neuroembryology applied to maternal reproductive health influencing the maternal-placental-fetal triad, neonate, and young child...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) to synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) in preterm infants requiring mechanical ventilation after patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on intubated preterm infants who underwent PDA ligation at our hospital from July 2021 to January 2023. Infants were divided into NAVA or SIMV groups based on the ventilation mode after surgery...

BACKGROUND: Mother's Own Milk (MOM) reduces the risk of complications in premature infants. Breastfeeding rates for late preterm and term infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are significantly lower than that of breastfed healthy term newborns at 6 months of age. DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study of neonates born at 34 weeks 0 days or later. Infants who were directly breastfed in the NICU and were discharged on breast milk were included...

A less than one-month-old infant with symptoms of rhinitis died unexpectedly in his sleep. He was not born prematurely and had no known underlying disease. Cerebrospinal fluid, nasopharyngeal and lung samples, and rectal swab were found to be positive for subgroup A rhinovirus, while the blood was negative. This case highlights the important finding that the rhinovirus, a common pathogen associated with upper respiratory tract infections, can sometimes, as the only pathogen, lead to complications such as a cerebrospinal infection and be involved in the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)...

UNLABELLED: An exclusive human milk diet (EHMD) and standardized feeding protocols are two critical methods for safely feeding very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Our institution initiated a standardized feeding protocol for all VLBW infants in 2018. In this protocol, a human milk fat modular was used only reactively when an infant had poor weight gain, fluid restriction, or hypoglycemia. As part of our NICU quality improvement program, internal utilization review data revealed a potential opportunity to improve growth and reduce costs...

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are bioactive factors that benefit neonatal health, but little is known about effects on growth in very preterm infants (<32 weeks' gestation). We aimed to quantify HMO concentrations in human milk fed to very preterm infants during the neonatal hospitalization and investigate associations of HMOs with infant size and body composition at term-equivalent age. In 82 human-milk-fed very preterm infants, we measured HMO concentrations at two time points. We measured anthropometrics and body composition with air displacement plethysmography at term-equivalent age...

Aerobic vaginitis (AV) is a distinct clinical entity characterized by inflammation and abnormal vaginal microflora. Often mistaken for bacterial vaginosis, AV remains relatively unknown and underdiagnosed. AV's understanding is evolving, with some experts suggesting it may primarily be an immunological disorder, the prevalence of which has a range of 7-13% in non-pregnant women and 4.1-8.3% during pregnancy. Pregnancy can affect susceptibility to vaginal infections, leading to adverse outcomes for the woman and the newborn...

Preterm delivery (PTD) complications are a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. We aimed to assess trends in PTD and small for gestational age (SGA) and whether trends varied between race-ethnic groups in South Carolina (SC). We utilized 2015-2021 SC vital records linked to hospitalization and emergency department records. PTD was defined as clinically estimated gestation less than (<) 37 weeks (wks.) with subgroup analyses of PTD < 34 wks. and < 28 wks. SGA was defined as infants weighing below the 10th percentile for gestational age...

Neonatal brain injury (NBI) is a critical condition for preterm neonates with potential long-term adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. This prospective longitudinal case-control study aimed at investigating the levels and prognostic value of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) during the first 3 days of life in preterm neonates (<34 weeks) that later developed brain injury in the form of either periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) or intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) during their hospitalization. Participants were recruited from one neonatal intensive care unit, and on the basis of birth weight and gestational age, we matched each case ( n = 29) with a neonate who had a normal head ultrasound scan ( n = 29)...

UNLABELLED: We developed a new neonatal neuromotor test battery, the Neonatal Infant Motor Assessment Scale (NIMAS), to perform a detailed neuromotor and holistic assessment of at-risk infants in the neonatal period. METHODS: A total of 68 infants (28-41 Gestational weeks) hospitalised in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit were included in the study. The NIMAS is a scale consisting of Automatic Motor Area, Functional Motor Area and sociodemographic form. The Dubowitz Neurological Examination and the Amiel-Tison Neurological Assessment Tests were also applied to evaluate the construct validity of the test...

Purpose: To evaluate the chronology of the eruption of primary mandibular central incisors in infants born preterm and with low weight (PLBW) and its association with weight/length ratio for gestational age (GA) at birth, individual characteristics and hospitalization at birth. Methods: A cohort of 46 infants was followed at a multidisciplinary reference center at a university hospital in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The inclusion criteria were infants born preterm with low/very low/extreme low birth weight and at least four months of age...