keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517109/invasive-wild-pig-sus-scrofa-diets-on-barrier-islands-in-the-southeastern-united-states
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vienna R Canright, Antoinette J Piaggio, James C Beasley
BACKGROUND: Biological invasions are a leading cause of reductions in global biodiversity. Islands are particularly sensitive to invasions, which often result in cascading impacts throughout island communities. Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are globally invasive and pose threats to numerous taxa and ecosystems, particularly for islands where they have contributed to declines of many endemic species. However, the impacts of wild pig diet on the flora and fauna remain understudied in many island systems...
March 22, 2024: Pest Management Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38516671/brandt-s-vole-hole-detection-and-counting-method-based-on-deep-learning-and-unmanned-aircraft-system
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wei Wu, Shengping Liu, Xiaochun Zhong, Xiaohui Liu, Dawei Wang, Kejian Lin
Rodents are essential to the balance of the grassland ecosystem, but their population outbreak can cause major economic and ecological damage. Rodent monitoring is crucial for its scientific management, but traditional methods heavily depend on manual labor and are difficult to be carried out on a large scale. In this study, we used UAS to collect high-resolution RGB images of steppes in Inner Mongolia, China in the spring, and used various object detection algorithms to identify the holes of Brandt's vole ( Lasiopodomys brandtii )...
2024: Frontiers in Plant Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38516668/dodine-an-effective-alternative-to-copper-for-controlling-venturia-oleaginea-the-causal-agent-of-pea-cock-eye-disease-in-highly-infected-olive-trees
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Leen Almadi, Tommaso Frioni, Daniela Farinelli, Andrea Paoletti, Nicola Cinosi, Adolfo Rosati, Chiaraluce Moretti, Roberto Buonaurio, Franco Famiani
A trial was carried out in central Italy in an olive orchard of cultivar Moraiolo, highly infected by Venturia oleaginea . The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the effects of autumn and spring applications of copper oxychloride or dodine to control the disease. Non treated trees were used as the control. The effects of the fungal attacks on leaves and inflorescence development confirmed the high susceptibility of the cultivar Moraiolo to the disease. The results show that in trees heavily infected, but with most of the infected leaves at the early stage of the disease (asymptomatic phase), treatments with dodine had a curative effect, with consequent reduction in the appearance of symptomatic leaves and defoliation with respect to the control or copper-treated trees...
2024: Frontiers in Plant Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38516560/a-semiochemical-view-of-the-ecology-of-the-seed-beetle-acanthoscelides-obtectus-say-coleoptera-chrysomelidae-bruchinae
#24
REVIEW
József Vuts, Stephen J Powers, Eudri Venter, Árpád Szentesi
The dried bean beetle, Acanthoscelides obtectus , is an economically important pest of stored legumes worldwide. Tracking the human-aided dispersion of its primary hosts, the Phaseolus vulgaris beans, it is now widespread in most bean-growing areas of the tropics and subtropics. In temperate regions where it can only occasionally overwinter in the field, A. obtectus proliferates in granaries, having multiple generations a year. Despite its negative impact on food production, no sensitive detection or monitoring tools exist, and the reduction of local populations still relies primarily on inorganic insecticides as fumigating agents...
January 2024: Annals of Applied Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38516031/silvopastoral-systems-benefit-invertebrate-biodiversity-on-tropical-livestock-farms-in-caquet%C3%A3-colombia
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lois Kinneen, María Paula Escobar, Luis Miguel Hernandez, Jill Thompson, Yardany Ramos-Pastrana, Eric Córdoba-Suarez, Miguel Romero-Sanchez, Andrew Barnes, Marcela Quintero, Michael P D Garratt
In the Colombian Amazon, there has been long-term and sustained loss of primary forest threatening biodiversity and climate change mitigation. Silvopastoral practices that integrate trees into livestock production could help address both local economic and wider environmental challenges.We aimed to assess the effects of silvopastoral practices on invertebrate communities on smallholder farms in Caquetá, Colombia. Using sweep nets and malaise trapping, invertebrate communities were compared between traditional pasture, silvopasture and forest edge habitats...
February 2024: Agricultural and Forest Entomology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38514390/development-of-a-safe-and-effective-bacillus-thuringiensis-based-nanobiopesticide-for-controlling-tea-pests
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaohong Pan, Fang Cao, Xueping Guo, Yilin Wang, Ziqi Cui, Tianpei Huang, Youming Hou, Xiong Guan
Mg(OH)2 was used as the nanocarrier of the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ac protein, and the synthesized Cry1Ac-Mg(OH)2 composites were regular and uniform nanosheets. Nano-Mg(OH)2 could effectively improve the insecticidal effect of the Cry1Ac protein toward Ectropis obliqua . It could enhance the damage degree of the Cry1Ac protein to intestinal epithelial cells and microvilli, induce and enrich the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the midgut, and enhance the degradation of the Cry1Ac protein into active fragments...
March 21, 2024: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38514043/development-of-a-greenhouse-assay-to-screen-soybean-varieties-for-resistance-to-aerial-blight-caused-by-rhizoctonia-solani-ag1-ia
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kensy D Rodriguez-Herrera, Alejandra Vargas, Jonathan Amie, Paul P Price, Leonardo D Salgado, Vinson P Doyle, Jonathan K Richards, David Moseley, Alejandro Rojas, Sara Thomas-Sharma
Aerial blight, caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group (AG) 1-IA, is an economically important soybean disease in the mid-Southern US. Management has relied on fungicide applications during the season, but there is an increasing prevalence of resistance to commonly used strobilurin fungicides and an urgent need to identify soybean varieties resistant to aerial blight. Since the patchy distribution of the pathogen complicates field variety screening, the present study aimed to develop a greenhouse screening protocol to identify soybean varieties resistant to aerial blight...
March 21, 2024: Phytopathology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38513093/cross-pollination-in-seed-blended-refuge-and-selection-for-vip3a-resistance-in-a-lepidopteran-pest-as-detected-by-genomic-monitoring
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniela Pezzini, Katherine L Taylor, Dominic D Reisig, Megan L Fritz
The evolution of pest resistance to management tools reduces productivity and results in economic losses in agricultural systems. To slow its emergence and spread, monitoring and prevention practices are implemented in resistance management programs. Recent work suggests that genomic approaches can identify signs of emerging resistance to aid in resistance management. Here, we empirically examined the sensitivity of genomic monitoring for resistance management in transgenic Bt crops, a globally important agricultural innovation...
March 26, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38511870/pesticide-loaded-nanohydrogel-based-on-attapulgite-and-gelatin-with-improved-foliar-adhesion
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sijia Zhang, Zhenggang Xiao
BACKGROUNDS: Pesticides have been widely applied to promote plant growth due to their high insecticidal efficiency. However, most pesticides easily slip from the leaf surface due to the low foliar adhesion, leading to significant damage to the environment and human health. Increasing foliar adhesion of pesticides has been a major challenge. Nanomaterial technology, which can deliver pesticide active ingredients, offers a new opportunity to increase pesticides efficacy with higher foliar adhesion...
March 21, 2024: Pest Management Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38511614/enhancing-tomato-disease-resistance-through-endogenous-antifungal-proteins-and-introduced-nematode-targeting-dsrna-of-biocontrol-agent-bacillus-velezensis-hs-3
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Juan Han, Jinchi Zhu, Shuyuan Liu, Xuehan Sun, Shunchang Wang, Guopeng Miao
BACKGROUND: As a type of biological control agents (BCAs), Bacillus velezensis possesses the efficacy of inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms, promoting plant growth, and overcoming continuous cropping obstacles (CCOs). However, there is limited reporting on the optimization of the cultivation conditions for such biocontrol agents and their role as dsRNA delivery vectors. RESULTS: In this study, a B. velezensis strain HS-3 was isolated from the root zone of tomato plants with in vitro anti-Botrytis cinerea activity...
March 21, 2024: Pest Management Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38510828/new-grasslands-promote-pollination-but-not-biological-pest-control-in-nearby-arable-fields-in-the-short-term
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Manuela Bürgler, Raja Imran Hussain, Bea Maas, Ronnie Walcher, Dominik Rabl, Bernhard Krautzer, Dietmar Moser, Thomas Frank
UNLABELLED: Agricultural intensification is a major threat to farmland biodiversity and associated ecosystem services. Semi-natural habitats are integral to the preservation of farmland biodiversity and ecosystem services, however, the extent in which they contribute to specific services is largely unclear. We studied predation rates of ground-dwelling predatory arthropods, and pollination success within old permanent grasslands, newly established grasslands and arable fields near and far from new grasslands...
2024: Arthropod-plant Interactions
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38510447/moderate-nitrogen-application-facilitates-bt-cotton-growth-and-suppresses-population-expansion-of-aphids-aphis-gossypii-by-altering-plant-physiological-characteristics
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lixiang Guo, Lin Niu, Xiangzhen Zhu, Li Wang, Kaixin Zhang, Dongyang Li, Punniyakotti Elumalai, Xueke Gao, Jichao Ji, Jinjie Cui, Junyu Luo
INTRODUCTION: Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer in cotton field causes soil and water pollution as well as significant increase of aphid population. Reasonable fertilization is an important approach to improve agricultural production efficiency and reduce agriculture-derived pollutions. This study was aimed to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the Bt cotton physiological characteristics and the growth and development of A. gossypii , a sap-sucking cotton pest. METHODS: Five different levels of Ca(NO3 )2 (0...
2024: Frontiers in Plant Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38508516/nanotechnology-in-agriculture-a-solution-to-global-food-insecurity-in-a-changing-climate
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shital Vaidya, Chaoyi Deng, Yi Wang, Nubia Zuverza-Mena, Christian Dimkpa, Jason C White
Although the Green Revolution dramatically increased food production, it led to non- sustainable conventional agricultural practices, with productivity in general declining over the last few decades. Maintaining food security with a world population exceeding 9 billion in 2050, a changing climate, and declining arable land will be exceptionally challenging. In fact, nothing short of a revolution in how we grow, distribute, store, and consume food is needed. In the last ten years, the field of nanotoxicology in plant systems has largely transitioned to one of sustainable nano-enabled applications, with recent discoveries on the use of this advanced technology in agriculture showing tremendous promise...
March 18, 2024: NanoImpact
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38506733/effective-control-of-sclerotinia-stem-rot-in-canola-plants-through-application-of-exogenous-hairpin-rna-of-multiple-s-sclerotiorum-genes
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Abdolbaset Azizi, Luis E Del Río Mendoza
Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) is a globally destructive plant disease caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum . Current management of SSR primarily relies on chemical fungicides and crop rotation, raising environmental concerns. In this study, we developed an eco-friendly RNA bio-fungicide targeting S. sclerotiorum . Six S. sclerotiorum genes were selected for dsRNA synthesis. Four genes, including a Chitin binding domain (CBD), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase (OA), and Abhydrolase-3 (Abh), were combined to express hairpin RNA in E...
March 20, 2024: Phytopathology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38505688/transition-to-organic-farming-negatively-affects-bat-activity
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Penelope C Fialas, Jérémy S P Froidevaux, Gareth Jones, Péter Batáry
The effectiveness of organic farming on biodiversity has been widely documented especially for plants, arthropods and birds; however, the effects of the transition period required to become an organic farm on wildlife remain poorly understood.We assessed the effects of organic farming on insectivorous bats in citrus orchards in the Republic of Cyprus employing two matched designs (conventional vs. 3-year organic-transitional and conventional vs. organic-certified) and a third unmatched design (3-year organic-transitional vs...
October 2023: Journal of Applied Ecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38505553/unravelling-the-synergistic-interaction-of-thrips-tabaci-and-newly-recorded-thrips-parvispinus-with-alternaria-porri-ellis-cif-inciting-onion-purple-blotch
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shubham Saini, Kushal Raj, Anil Kumar Saini, Rakesh Kumar, Ankit Saini, Aslam Khan, Pankaj Kumar, Geeta Devi, Mukul Kumar Bhambhu, Cindy L McKenzie, Makhan Lal, Leela Wati
Onion purple blotch is the most indispensable foliar disease of crop and has become a major concern for farmers and research fraternity. An attempt to investigate the role of injury in parasitism by Alternaria porri indicated that disease incidence and severity enhance considerably with injury. Thrips injured plants inoculated with A. porri presented 100% incidence and 52-72% severity while mechanically injured plants inoculated with A. porri showed 60-70% incidence and 28-34% severity. The uninjured plants showed considerably less disease incidence (30-40%) and severity (10-16%)...
2024: Frontiers in Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38505477/pest-categorisation-of-pyrrhoderma-noxium
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Claude Bragard, Paula Baptista, Elisavet Chatzivassiliou, Francesco Di Serio, Paolo Gonthier, Josep Anton Jaques Miret, Annemarie Fejer Justesen, Alan MacLeod, Christer Sven Magnusson, Panagiotis Milonas, Juan A Navas-Cortes, Stephen Parnell, Roel Potting, Emilio Stefani, Hans-Hermann Thulke, Wopke Van der Werf, Antonio Vicent Civera, Jonathan Yuen, Lucia Zappalà, Dejana Golic, Alex Gobbi, Andrea Maiorano, Marco Pautasso, Philippe Lucien Reignault
Following the commodity risk assessment of bonsai plants ( Pinus parviflora grafted on Pinus thunbergii ) from China performed by EFSA, the EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Pyrrhoderma noxium , a clearly defined plant pathogenic basidiomycete fungus of the order Hymenochaetales and the family Hymenochaetaceae. The pathogen is considered as opportunistic and has been reported on a wide range of hosts, mainly broad-leaved and coniferous woody plants, causing root rots. In addition, the fungus was reported to live saprophytically on woody substrates and was isolated as an endophyte from a few plant species...
March 2024: EFSA journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38504884/chitin-enriched-insect-frass-fertilizer-as-a-biorational-alternative-for-root-knot-nematode-meloidogyne-incognita-management
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
James Kisaakye, Dennis Beesigamukama, Solveig Haukeland, Sevgan Subramanian, Paul K Thiongo, Segenet Kelemu, Chrysantus M Tanga
Root-knot nematodes ( Meloidogyne spp.) are serious pests of most food crops, causing up to 100% yield loss. Nevertheless, commercial nematicides are costly and harmful to the environment. While the nematicidal potential of crustacean and synthetic chitin has been demonstrated globally, research on the potential of insect-derived chitin for nematode control has received limited attention. Here, seven chitin-fortified black soldier fly frass fertilizer extracts (chFE) were assessed for their suppressiveness of Meloidogyne incognita and impacts on spinach growth in comparison with a commercial nematicide using in vitro and in vivo bioassays...
2024: Frontiers in Plant Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38500452/genome-wide-identification-of-cuticle-protein-superfamily-in-frankliniella-occidentalis-provide-insight-into-the-control-of-both-insect-vectors-and-plant-virus
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yang Zheng, Yinghao Feng, Zhejin Li, Junwen Wang
The structural cuticle proteins (CPs) play important roles in the development and fitness of insects. However, knowledge about CP gene superfamily is limited in virus-transmitting insect vectors, although its importance on transmission of plant virus has been gradually emphasized. In this study, the genome-wide identification of CP superfamily was conducted in western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis that is the globally invasive pest and plant virus vector pest. The pest transmits notorious tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) around the world, causing large damage to a wide array of plants...
March 2024: Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38500347/biology-of-callistethus-plagiicollis-coleoptera-scarabaeoidea-rutelinae-and-comparative-morphology-of-its-larvae
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tingting Long, Rixin Jiang, Wenli Zhu, Jiankun Long, Xiangsheng Chen
Larvae of the beetle subfamily Rutelinae are poorly described in the literature. Notably, the morphology of the larvae of Callistethus plagiicollis Fairmaire has not previously been analyzed. Here, we report for the first time that these larvae feed on the tubers and roots of Gastrodia elata Blume, an important traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which causes a reduction in the yield and economic value of G. elata. We employed scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy to investigate the morphology and occurrence regularity of egg, larvae, pupae, and adult specimens of C...
March 18, 2024: Microscopy Research and Technique
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