keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37469873/berberine-enhances-the-function-of-db-db-mice-islet-%C3%AE-cell-through-glp-1-glp-1r-pka-signaling-pathway-in-intestinal-l-cell-and-islet-%C3%AE-cell
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wenbin Wu, Qingsong Xia, Yujin Guo, Hongzhan Wang, Hui Dong, Fuer Lu, Fen Yuan
Background: The evidence on berberine stimulating the secretion of GLP-1 in intestinal L cell has been studied. However, few research has explored its role on generating GLP-1 of islet α cell. Our experiment aims to clarify the mechanism of berberine promoting the secretion of GLP-1 in intestinal L cell and islet α cell, activating GLP-1R and its downstream molecules through endocrine and paracrine ways, thus improving the function of islet β cell and treating T2DM. Methods: After confirming that berberine can lower blood glucose and improve insulin resistance in db/db mice, the identity maintenance, proliferation and apoptosis of islet cells were detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence...
2023: Frontiers in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37467368/in-vitro-gastrointestinal-digestion-of-highland-barley-protein-identification-and-characterization-of-novel-bioactive-peptides-involved-in-gut-cholecystokinin-secretion
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kai Huang, Qingyu Wang, Hongdong Song, Hongwei Cao, Xiao Guan
BACKGROUND: Satiety hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) plays an important role in food intake inhibition. Its secretion is regulated by dietary components. The search for bioactive compounds that induce CCK secretion is currently an active area of research. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of highland barley protein digest (HBPD) to stimulate CCK secretion in vitro and in vivo and identify the responsible peptide sequences. RESULTS: HBPD was prepared by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model...
July 19, 2023: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37431625/rebaudioside-a-from-stevia-rebaudiana-stimulates-glp-1-release-by-enteroendocrine-cells-via-bitter-taste-signalling-pathways
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Francisca Noya-Leal, Nikkie van der Wielen, Maik Behrens, Sven Rouschop, Jeroen van Arkel, Maarten Jongsma, Renger Witkamp, Jurriaan J Mes, Shanna Bastiaan-Net, Jocelijn Meijerink
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a multifaceted intestinal hormone with diverse physiological functions throughout the body. Previously, we demonstrated that the steviol glycoside rebaudioside A (rebA) from Stevia rebaudiana stimulates the release of GLP-1 from mouse intestinal organoids and pig intestinal segments. To further unravel the underlying mechanisms, we examined the involvement of sweet- and bitter taste receptors and their associated signal transduction pathways. Experiments with mouse and human intestinal enteroendocrine cell lines (STC-1 and HuTu-80, respectively) confirmed that rebA stimulates GLP-1 release in a concentration-dependent manner...
July 31, 2023: Food & Function
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37350646/covid-19-affects-taste-independent-of-taste-smell-confusions-results-from-a-combined-chemosensory-home-test-and-online-survey-from-a-large-global-cohort
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ha Nguyen, Javier Albayay, Richard Höchenberger, Surabhi Bhutani, Sanne Boesveldt, Niko A Busch, Ilja Croijmans, Keiland W Cooper, Jasper H B de Groot, Michael C Farruggia, Alexander W Fjaeldstad, John E Hayes, Thomas Hummel, Paule V Joseph, Tatiana K Laktionova, Thierry Thomas-Danguin, Maria G Veldhuizen, Vera V Voznessenskaya, Valentina Parma, M Yanina Pepino, Kathrin Ohla
People often confuse smell loss with taste loss, so it is unclear how much gustatory function is reduced in patients self-reporting taste loss. Our pre-registered cross-sectional study design included an online survey in 12 languages with instructions for self-administering chemosensory tests with ten household items. Between June 2020 and March 2021, 10,953 individuals participated. Of these, 5,225 self-reported a respiratory illness and were grouped based on their reported COVID test results: COVID-positive (COVID+, N=3,356), COVID-negative (COVID-, N=602), and COVID unknown for those waiting for a test result (COVID?, N=1,267)...
June 23, 2023: Chemical Senses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37348738/free-fatty-acid-receptor-1-stimulates-camp-production-and-gut-hormone-secretion-through-gq-mediated-activation-of-adenylate-cyclase-2
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jacob Emil Petersen, Maria Hauge Pedersen, Oksana Dmytriyeva, Emilie Nellemose, Tulika Arora, Maja Storm Engelstoft, Wesley Asher, Jonathan Javitch, Thue W Schwartz, Mette Trauelsen
OBJECTIVE: Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1) is highly expressed in enteroendocrine cells of the small intestine and pancreatic beta islet, where FFAR1 agonists function as GLP-1 and insulin secretagogues, respectively. Most efficacious are so-called second-generation synthetic agonists such as AM5262, which, in contrast to endogenous long-chain fatty acids are able to signal through both IP3 /Ca2+ and cAMP pathways. Whereas IP3 signaling is to be expected for the mainly Gq-coupled FFAR1, the mechanism behind FFAR1-induced cAMP accumulation remains unclear, although originally proposed to be Gs mediated...
June 20, 2023: Molecular Metabolism
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37330851/cck-and-glp-1-response-on-enteroendocrine-cells-of-semi-dynamic-digests-of-hydrolyzed-and-intact-casein
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Santiaga María Vivanco-Maroto, Veronica Gallo, Beatriz Miralles, Isidra Recio
A semi-dynamic gastrointestinal device was employed to explore the link between protein structure and metabolic response upon digestion for two different substrates, a casein hydrolysate and the precursor micellar casein. As expected, casein formed a firm coagulum that remained until the end of the gastric phase while the hydrolysate did not develop any visible aggregate. Each gastric emptying point was subjected to a static intestinal phase where the peptide and amino acid composition changed drastically from that found during the gastric phase...
September 2023: Food Research International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37257116/bovine-airway-models-approaches-for-investigating-bovine-respiratory-disease
#27
REVIEW
Neeti N Gandhi, Thomas J Inzana, Padmavathy Rajagopalan
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifactorial condition where different genera of bacteria, such as Mannheimia haemolytica , Histophilus somni , Pasteurella multocida , and Mycoplasma bovis , and viruses, like bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and bovine herpes virus-1, infect the lower respiratory tract of cattle. These pathogens can co-infect cells in the respiratory system, thereby making specific treatment very difficult. Currently, the most common models for studying BRD include a submerged tissue culture (STC), where monolayers of epithelial cells are typically covered either in cellular or spent biofilm culture medium...
May 31, 2023: ACS Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37242245/in-vitro-screening-for-probiotic-properties-of-lactobacillus-and-bifidobacterium-strains-in-assays-relevant-for-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-prevention
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Silvia Lopez-Escalera, Mari L Lund, Gerben D A Hermes, Béatrice S-Y Choi, Kei Sakamoto, Anja Wellejus
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifactorial metabolic disorder that poses health challenges worldwide and is expected to continue to rise dramatically. NAFLD is associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and impaired gut health. Increased gut permeability, caused by disturbance of tight junction proteins, allows passage of damaging microbial components that, upon reaching the liver, have been proposed to trigger the release of inflammatory cytokines and generate cellular stress...
May 18, 2023: Nutrients
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37241148/a-systematic-review-investigating-the-difference-between-1-cycle-versus-2-cycles-of-adjuvant-chemotherapy-in-stage-i-testicular-germ-cell-cancers
#29
REVIEW
Emanuiela Florentina Rohozneanu, Ciprian Deac, Călin Ioan Căinap
Standard care for stage I testicular germ cell cancers (seminomatous-STC or non-seminomatous-NSTC) is orchiectomy followed by active surveillance, 1 or 2 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy, surgery or radiotherapy. The decision on the adjuvant therapeutic approach is guided by the associated risk factors of the patient and the potential related toxicity of the treatment. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the optimal number of adjuvant chemotherapy cycles. Although in terms of overall survival, there is no proven inconsistency regarding the number of cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy, and the rate of relapse may vary...
May 10, 2023: Medicina
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37229936/dihydromyricetin-promotes-glp-1-release-and-glucose-uptake-by-stc-1-cells-and-enhances-the-effects-of-metformin-upon-stc-1-cells-and-diabetic-mouse-model
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuanzhi Yao, Xiaoying Li, Xiaoqin Yang, Hai Mou, Lin Wei
BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an intestinally produced hormone released by the L-cells to stimulate glucose-dependent insulin release. Vine tea, a traditional Chinese medicine made from the delicate stem and leaves of Ampelopsis grossedentata, has been reported to exert antidiabetic effects; however, the role and mechanism of dihydromyricetin, the main active ingredient of vine tea, remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: MTT assay was applied to detect cell viability...
June 2023: Tissue & Cell
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37200377/in-vitro-evidence-against-productive-sars-cov-2-infection-of-human-testicular-cells-bystander-effects-of-infection-mediate-testicular-injury
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stefanos Giannakopoulos, Daniel P Strange, Boonyanudh Jiyarom, Omar Abdelaal, Aaron W Bradshaw, Vivek R Nerurkar, Monika A Ward, Jackson Bakse, Jonathan Yap, Selena Vanapruks, William A Boisvert, Michelle D Tallquist, Cecilia Shikuma, Hooman Sadri-Ardekani, Philip Clapp, Sean Murphy, Saguna Verma
The hallmark of severe COVID-19 involves systemic cytokine storm and multi-organ injury including testicular inflammation, reduced testosterone, and germ cell depletion. The ACE2 receptor is also expressed in the resident testicular cells, however, SARS-CoV-2 infection and mechanisms of testicular injury are not fully understood. The testicular injury could be initiated by direct virus infection or exposure to systemic inflammatory mediators or viral antigens. We characterized SARS-CoV-2 infection in different human testicular 2D and 3D culture systems including primary Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, mixed seminiferous tubule cells (STC), and 3D human testicular organoids (HTO)...
May 18, 2023: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37106931/workers-of-apis-mellifera-reared-in-small-cell-combs-show-higher-activity-of-the-proteolytic-system-in-hemolymph-than-workers-reared-in-standard-cell-combs-in-laboratory-cage-tests
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Piotr Dziechciarz, Aneta Strachecka, Grzegorz Borsuk, Krzysztof Olszewski
The aim of the study was to compare the activities of proteases and their inhibitors in the hemolymph of honeybee workers reared in small-cell combs (SMC) and standard-cell combs (STC) in laboratory cage tests. The analyses conducted in laboratory conditions facilitated assessment of the impact of the comb cell width (small vs. standard) along with eliminating the influence of many environmental factors on the results. The width of the comb cells in which the workers were reared had a significant effect on the protein concentrations and proteolytic system activities in the hemolymph...
April 16, 2023: Animals: An Open Access Journal From MDPI
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37085058/gut-microbiota-bile-acids-glucagon-like-peptide-1-axis-contributes-the-resistance-to-high-fat-diet-induced-obesity-in-mice
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chunxiu Chen, Lingli Liu, Ying Zhong, Miaoran Wang, Yanbiao Ai, Yi Hou, Hong Chen, Xiaojing Lin, Yunqi Zhang, Min Ding, Ting Luo, Jibin Li, Xinyu Li, Xiaoqiu Xiao
In human and rodents, some individuals may remain lean even when they are challenged with high calorie intake. The underlying mechanism for resistance to diet-induced obesity was poorly understood. Here, we used C57BL/6J mice to establish animal models of high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity sensitive (DIO) mice and obesity resistant (DIR) mice. We then investigated the role of gut microbiota, bile acids (BAs) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis in the development of DIR. Reduced fat accumulation, increased glucose tolerance and energy expenditure through BAT activation were observed in DIR mice...
April 19, 2023: Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37073737/anti-inflammatory-activities-of-black-raspberry-seed-ellagitannins-and-their-structural-effects-on-the-stimulation-of-glucagon-like-peptide-1-secretion-and-intestinal-bitter-taste-receptors
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ryun Hee Kim, Ga Eun Lee, Kiuk Lee, Keum Taek Hwang, Jaewoo Park, Taehwan Lim
This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of ellagitannins from black raspberry seeds (BS) in vivo and the structural effects of ellagitannins on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and intestinal bitter taste receptor (TAS2R) stimulation. For animal study, BS ellagitannin fraction (BSEF) was orally administered to mice with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The BSEF supplementation alleviated colonic inflammation, regulated inflammation-related cytokine levels in the mice with colitis, and increased the total GLP-1 secretion and GLP-1 receptor mRNA level in the inflamed gut...
April 19, 2023: Food & Function
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37066543/-in-vitro-comparison-of-whey-protein-isolate-and-hydrolysate-for-their-effect-on-glucose-homeostasis-markers
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mathie Tenenbaum, Camille Dugardin, Joanna Moro, Julie Auger, Alain Baniel, Audrey Boulier, Rozenn Ravallec, Benoit Cudennec
Research on new strategies to regulate glucose homeostasis to prevent or manage type 2 diabetes is a critical challenge. Several studies have shown that protein-rich diets could improve glucose homeostasis. Whey protein hydrolysis allows the release of amino acids and bioactive peptides, which exert numerous well-documented bioactivities. This study evaluates and compares the hypoglycemic potential of a whey protein hydrolysate and a whey protein isolate after static in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) using the INFOGEST protocol...
April 17, 2023: Food & Function
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36991725/pv-defects-identification-through-a-synergistic-set-of-non-destructive-testing-ndt-techniques
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Socrates Kaplanis, Eleni Kaplani, Paul Nicolae Borza
A synergistic set of NDT techniques, including I-V analysis, UVF imaging, IR thermography, and EL imaging, supports a diagnostics methodology developed in this work to qualitatively and quantitatively identify a wide range of PV defects. The methodology is based on (a) the deviation of the module electrical parameters at STC from their nominal values, for which a set of mathematical expressions was developed that provide an insight into potential defects and their quantitative impact on the module electrical parameters, and (b) the variation analysis of EL images captured at a sequence of bias voltages for a qualitative investigation on the spatial distribution and strength of the defects...
March 10, 2023: Sensors
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36950968/synthesis-of-menarandroside-a-from-dehydroepiandrosterone
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samuel D Offei, Hadi D Arman, Francis K Yoshimoto
Menarandroside A, which bears a 12α-hydroxypregnenolone steroid backbone, was isolated from the plant, Cynanchum menarandrense . Treatment of extracts from this plant containing menarandroside A against secretin tumor cell line (STC-1) intestinal cells, resulted in an increased secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), a peptide that plays a role in the regulation of blood sugar levels. Increase in GLP-1 is beneficial for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. We disclose the synthesis of menarandroside A from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)...
March 23, 2023: Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36893833/the-effect-of-gastric-bypass-surgery-on-cognitive-function-of-alzheimer-s-disease-and-the-role-of-glp1-sglt1-pathway
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yingna Mei, Yubing Li, Yanxiang Cheng, Ling Gao
OBJECTIVE: Gastric bypass surgery has been shown to improve metabolic profiles via GLP1, which may also have cognitive benefits for Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. However, the exact mechanism requires further investigation. METHODS: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sham surgery was performed on APP/PS1/Tau triple transgenic mice (an AD mice model) or wild type C57BL/6 mice. Morris Water Maze (MWM) test was used to evaluate the cognitive function of mice and animal tissue samples were obtained for measurements two months after the surgery...
May 2023: Experimental Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36882399/emerging-phagocytosis-checkpoints-in-cancer-immunotherapy
#39
REVIEW
Yu'e Liu, Yanjin Wang, Yanrong Yang, Linjun Weng, Qi Wu, Jin Zhang, Pengcheng Zhao, Lan Fang, Yufeng Shi, Ping Wang
Cancer immunotherapy, mainly including immune checkpoints-targeted therapy and the adoptive transfer of engineered immune cells, has revolutionized the oncology landscape as it utilizes patients' own immune systems in combating the cancer cells. Cancer cells escape immune surveillance by hijacking the corresponding inhibitory pathways via overexpressing checkpoint genes. Phagocytosis checkpoints, such as CD47, CD24, MHC-I, PD-L1, STC-1 and GD2, have emerged as essential checkpoints for cancer immunotherapy by functioning as "don't eat me" signals or interacting with "eat me" signals to suppress immune responses...
March 7, 2023: Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36830033/synthesis-of-new-shogaol-analogues-as-nrf2-activators-and-evaluation-of-their-anti-inflammatory-activity-modes-of-action-and-metabolic-stability
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kit-Kay Mak, Zhang Shiming, Raghavendra Sakirolla, Madhu Katyayani Balijepalli, Albena T Dinkova-Kostova, Ola Epemolu, Zulkefeli Mohd, Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
6-shogaol is a natural and the most potent bioactive vanilloid in dried Zingiber officinale rhizomes. Many scientific studies have reported the diverse biological activities of 6-shogaol. However, the major drawback of 6-shogaol is its instability at room temperature. We synthesised new shogaol thiophene compounds (STCs) by replacing the pentyl group in the sidechain with thiophene derivatives. The STCs were tested for their nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) activation ability in murine hepatoma cells (Hepa1c1c-7) by determining their NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) inducing ability and expression of NRF2-associated antioxidant genes...
February 13, 2023: Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
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