Tobacco smoking and rehabilitation

Management of lung disease in patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) includes both non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches. Lifestyle changes with avoidance of environmental pollutants, including tobacco smoke, improving exercise levels and nutritional status, all encompassed under a disease management program, are crucial pillars of AATD management. Non-pharmacological therapies follow conventional treatment guidelines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Specific pharmacological treatment consists of administering exogenous alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) protein intravenously (augmentation therapy)...

BACKGROUND: The use of moist smokeless tobacco (snus) is increasing in the U.S. and other Western countries, and especially among young people. Snus is associated with several health problems, but the relationship between use of snus and alcohol is scarcely explored. Neuro-cognitive and psychological research suggest an association due to possible mutually rewarding effects in the limbic brain. We investigated this issue in a matched controlled population study. METHODS: Matched control group design where drinking habits and alcohol consumption in a group of users of snus (n = 1043, mean age = 35...

There is a substantial burden of chronic respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). LMICs have particular challenges in delivering cost-effective prevention, diagnosis, and management of COPD. Optimal care can be supported by effective implementation of guidelines. This American Thoracic Society workshop considered challenges to implementation of COPD guidelines in LMICs. We make 10 specific recommendations: 1 ) relevant organizations should provide LMIC-specific COPD management guidance; 2 ) patient and professional organizations must persuade policy-makers of the importance of lung function testing programs in LMICs; 3 ) healthcare education and training should emphasize the early-life origins of COPD; 4 ) urgent action is required by governments to reduce airborne exposures, including exposures to tobacco smoke and indoor and outdoor air pollution; 5 ) guidance for COPD in LMICs should explicitly link across Essential Medicine Lists and the World Health Organization package of essential noncommunicable disease interventions for primary health care in low-resource settings and should consider availability, affordability, sustainability, and cost-effective use of medicines; 6 ) the pharmaceutical industry should work to make effective COPD and tobacco-dependence medicines globally accessible and affordable; 7 ) implementation of locally adapted, cost-effective pulmonary rehabilitation programs should be an international priority; 8 ) the World Health Organization Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases should specify how improvements in respiratory health will be achieved; 9 ) research funders should increase the proportion of funding allocated to COPD in LMICs; and 10 ) the respiratory community should leverage the skills and enthusiasm of earlier-career clinicians and researchers to improve global respiratory health...

PURPOSE:  This survey was conducted on behalf of the German Respiratory Society (DGP) section 12. The aim was to assess the means of achieving tobacco cessation and prescription of exercise training on an outpatient basis after discharge from pulmonary rehabilitation clinic as part of aftercare of pulmonary rehabilitation programs in Germany. METHODS:  We contacted all pulmonary rehabilitation clinics in Germany. Of the 67 clinics we identified, 62 fulfilled the inclusion criteria; 39 clinics (62...

The study aimed at evaluating, comprehensively, implant-based dental rehabilitation in head and neck cancer patients after maxillofacial reconstruction with a vascularized free fibula flap (FFF). Data were obtained by retrospectively reviewing the medical records of patients treated in Amsterdam UMC-VU Medical Center. Dental implant survival and implant success according to the Albrektsson criteria were analyzed. Additionally, prosthetic-related outcomes were studied, with a focus on functional dental rehabilitation...

BACKGROUND: GPs have limited capacity to routinely provide smoking cessation support. New strategies are needed to reach all smokers within this setting. AIM: To evaluate the effect of a pharmacist-coordinated interdisciplinary smoking cessation intervention delivered in Australian general practice. DESIGN AND SETTING: Secondary analysis of a cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT) conducted in 41 Australian general practices. METHOD: In all, 690 current smokers were included in this study: 373 from intervention clinics ( n = 21) and 317 from control clinics ( n = 18)...

Purpose: To assess the prevalence and determinants of current tobacco use among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by utilizing secondary data taken from the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey of 2016. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were used to analyze the data. The odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was considered to interpret associations and a significant association was stated at a p -value < 0...

BACKGROUND: The lack of medical treatment options to reduce fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) emphasize the importance of identifying potential non-pharmacological modifiable factors, as this may help advance current treatment strategies. The aim of this study was to identify potential modifiable lifestyle factors as well as patient- and disease-related characteristics, that are associated with fatigue in a large sample of clinically well-characterized patients with MS...

Aim: The economic burden caused by death and disease in the world is credited mainly to tobacco use-currently linked to approximately 8,000,000 deaths per year with approximately 80% of these faralities reported in low and middle income economies. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that nearly 7,000,000 deaths are attributed to direct tobacco use, while approximately 1,200,000 non-smokers exposed to second hand cigarette smoke die every year. Accordingly, tobacco use is a major threat to the public health infrastructure; therefore, proper cessation interventions must be put in place to curb tobacco abuse and ease economic and social burdens caused by the tobacco epidemic...

Introduction: The present study was conducted to assess the association of tobacco and alcohol consumption with cardiovascular risk factors among elderly population living at high altitude regions of India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1003 elderly people living in district Nainital, Uttarakhand state, India. Thirty subjects were identified from 30 villages using population proportionate to size sampling methodology. The data on the consumption of tobacco and alcohol, mini nutritional assessment, Barthel activities of daily living scale, height, weight, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, triglycerides, and total cholesterol was collected...

This position paper has been drafted by experts from the Czech national board of diseases with bronchial obstruction, of the Czech Pneumological and Phthisiological Society. The statements and recommendations are based on both the results of randomized controlled trials and data from cross-sectional and prospective real-life studies to ensure they are as close as possible to the context of daily clinical practice and the current health care system of the Czech Republic. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable heterogeneous syndrome with a number of pulmonary and extrapulmonary clinical features and concomitant chronic diseases...

BACKGROUND: Recent hypotheses have suggested that schizophrenic patients are more likely to consume unhealthy foods, causing increased rates of mortality and morbidity associated with metabolic syndrome. This raises the need for more in-depth research on disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) in schizophrenic patients. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate biopsychosocial factors associated with DEBs in schizophrenia. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 308 participants (including 83 subjects in the active phase of schizophrenia, 71 subjects in the remission phase of schizophrenia, and 154 control subjects) were recruited through convenience sampling among patients who referred to the Baharan Psychiatric hospital in Zahedan, Iran...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and progressive airflow obstruction. Tobacco smoking is the leading cause but not the only one. A postbronchodilator FEV1 -FVC ratio less than 0.70 is required for a diagnosis of COPD. Inhaler therapy is the backbone of treatment and should be complemented by a multifaceted management strategy that includes counseling and pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation, pulmonary rehabilitation, treatment of comorbidities, administration of influenza and pneumococcal immunizations, and prescription of long-term oxygen therapy in hypoxemic patients...

BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking is a leading public health concern and is the most preventable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Sportspeople are no exception and those who smoke are predisposed to the same hazardous health effects as the general public, in addition to the potential effects it may have on their sporting performance. AIMS: We aimed to ascertain the prevalence of tobacco consumption in a sporting population. We also endeavoured to quantify the use of E-cigarettes and assess exposure to passive smoking...

To assess whether changes in sugar intake and craving occur during alcohol withdrawal in humans, we conducted a prospective, observational study in a university hospital addictions treatment center. Recruited patients had severe alcohol use disorder and were hospitalized for 7 days in the short-stay unit for alcohol withdrawal and then for 6 weeks in the rehabilitation unit. During the hospital stay, they had no access to alcohol but had full access to sweet products and beverages in a shop and vending machines located inside the hospital...

BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking is one of the most important risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD). Hence, smoking cessation is considered pivotal in the prevention of CHD. The current study aimed to evaluate smoking cessation patterns and determine factors associated with smoking cessation in patients with established CHD. METHODS: The fourth European Survey of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Diabetes investigated quality of CHD care in 24 countries across Europe in 2012/13...

Deterioration in overall health, hormonal disturbances, and erectile dysfunction (ED) contributes to limitations in sexual activity in the elderly, which is further limited by incorrect beliefs about the hazards of sexual activity in cardiac patients. We aimed to analyze the occurrence of ED in elderly men, their perception of the relevance of good sexual function, and their expectations of physicians. A cross-sectional study encompassed 731 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) subjected to cardiac rehabilitation...

BACKGROUND: Despite the rise in heroin use in sub Saharan-Africa opioid agonist maintenance treatment (OAMT) is still not state-funded in South Africa and many other African countries. In South Africa there has been little data published on the profile of heroin users and the outcomes of treatment for those who attend public treatment services. METHODS: 300 heroin users from two state-funded rehabilitation centres in Johannesburg were studied at entry into rehabilitation and 3-months after treatment...

BACKGROUND: The objective of this retrospective descriptive study was to analyze the characteristics of incident reports provided by dentists while using a specific brand of dental implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out in collaboration with Oxtein Iberia S.L.®, with the company providing access to the incident database in order to evaluate the characteristics of incidents from January 2014 to December 2017 (a total of 917 over four years). The data sheet recorded different variables during each of the stages of implant treatment, from initial implant placement to subsequent prosthetic rehabilitation...

The increasingly female face of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevalence among women has equalled that of men since 2008, due in part to increased tobacco use among women worldwide and exposure to biomass fuels. This finding is supported by a number of characteristics. There is evidence of susceptibility to smoking and other airborne contaminants, along with epidemiological and phenotypic manifestations. COPD has thus become the leading cause of death in women in the USA. The clinical presentation is characterised by increasingly pronounced dyspnoea with a marked tendency towards anxiety and depression, undernutrition, nonsmall cell lung cancer (especially adenocarcinoma) and osteoporosis...