Interferon follicular lymphoma

The diagnosis of adult-onset immunodeficiency syndrome associated with neutralizing anti-interferon γ autoantibodies (AIGA) presents substantial challenges to clinicians and pathologists due to its nonspecific clinical presentation, absence of routine laboratory tests, and resemblance to certain lymphoma types, notably nodal T follicular helper cell lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic type (nTFHL-AI). Some patients undergo lymphadenectomy for histopathological examination to rule out lymphoma, even in the absence of a preceding clinical suspicion of AIGA...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Sodium is vital for human health. High salt intake is a global health problem and is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recent evidence suggests that both innate and adaptive immune systems are affected by sodium. In general, excess salt intake drives immune cells toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype. The incidence of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is steadily increasing. As excess salt induces a pro-inflammatory state, increased salt intake may have impacts on autoimmune diseases...

The Nordic Lymphoma Study Group has performed two randomized clinical trials with chemotherapy-free first-line treatment (rituximab +/- interferon) in follicular lymphoma (FL), with 73% of patients alive and 38% without any need of chemotherapy after 10.6 years median follow-up. In order to identify predictive markers, that may also serve as therapeutic targets, gene expression- and copy number profiles were obtained from 97 FL patients using whole genome microarrays. Copy number alterations (CNAs) were identified, e...

Follicular lymphoma (FL), the most common indolent lymphoma, is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease. However, the prognostic value of driver gene mutations and copy number alterations has not been systematically assessed. Here, we analysed the clinical-biological features of 415 FL patients to identify variables associated with disease progression within 24 months of first-line therapy (POD24). Patients with B symptoms, elevated lactate dehydrogenase and β2-microglobulin levels, unfavourable baseline haemoglobin levels, advanced stage, and high-risk FL International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) scores had an increased risk of POD24, with FLIPI being the most important factor in logistic regression...

Background Follicular mycosis fungoides is a distinct variant of mycosis fungoides with a broad clinical spectrum. Recently, many studies have indicated that follicular mycosis fungoides should be divided into different subtypes with disparate prognoses. Objective To define the clinicohistopathologic features and outcomes of follicular mycosis fungoides and to identify risk factors that may be related to the prognosis of Chinese patients with follicular mycosis fungoides. Materials and methods We conducted a single-centre retrospective study and reviewed the clinical, histopathologic and immunophenotypic data of 12 patients diagnosed with follicular mycosis fungoides between 2009 and 2020 in the Department of Dermatology of West China Hospital of Sichuan university...

CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has been widely used and is highly effective for B-cell lymphoid malignancies. Immune-mediated adverse effects such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) occur in the acute phase and are monophasic after CAR T-cell therapy. However, late-onset inflammatory and neurological toxicities have not been well studied. We encountered a patient with recurrent late-onset inflammatory toxicities and progressive dysautonomia after CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy...

INTRODUCTION: Folliculotropic mycosis fungoides (FMF) is the most frequent variant of mycosis fungoides (MF), with clinical features which differ from the classic form. As for therapeutic options, the latest guidelines on MF agree on a stage-driven strategy, in consideration of clinical presentation, symptom burden and patient's comorbidities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search on MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library was conducted to gather the latest evidence on FMF clinical management...

Lymphoma of the conjunctiva is an ocular malignancy derived from clonal proliferation of lymphocytes. The majority of conjunctival lymphoma is extranodal marginal zone B-Cell lymphoma (EMZL), however diffuse large B-cell (DLBCL), follicular (FL), mantle cell (MCL) and T- cell subtypes are also seen. Clinical manifestations are non-specific, but include unilateral or bilateral painless salmon-pink conjunctival lesions. Approaches to treatment have centered around local immunomodulation, often with Interferon-α2b or Rituximab (anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) with or without radiation...

BACKGROUND: Studies suggest that immune checkpoint inhibitors may represent a promising strategy for boosting immune responses and improving the antitumor activity of standard therapies in patients with relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancies. AIMS: Phase 1/2 FUSION NHL 001 was designed to determine the safety and efficacy of durvalumab, an anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody, combined with standard-of-care therapies for lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)...

OBJECTIVES: Whether naive CD4+ T cells are dysregulated and associated with the overactivation of CD4+ T cells in primary SS (pSS) remains unclear. We aimed to explore the role and underlying mechanism of naive CD4+ T cells in pSS. METHODS: We examined the activation, proliferation and differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells from pSS patients and healthy controls. Differentially expressed genes were identified using RNA sequencing, and were overexpressed or silenced to determine the gene regulating follicular helper T (Tfh) cells...

A dominant paradigm being developed in immunotherapy for hematologic malignancies is of adaptive immunotherapy that involves chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and bispecific T-cell engagers. CAR T-cell therapy has yielded results that surpass those of the existing salvage immunochemotherapy for patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) after first-line immunochemotherapy, while offering a therapeutic option for patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL)...

Gammaherpesviruses are ubiquitous pathogens that establish life-long infection and are associated with B cell lymphomas. To establish chronic infection, these viruses usurp B cell differentiation and drive a robust germinal center response to expand the latent viral reservoir and gain access to memory B cells. Germinal center B cells, while important for the establishment of latent infection, are also thought to be the target of viral transformation. The host and viral factors that impact the gammaherpesvirus-driven germinal center response are not clearly defined...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant healthcare problem affecting ~1% of the United States population. Meta-analyses of epidemiological studies reported a strong association between non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and HCV. Direct oncogenic properties of HCV proteins and chronic antigenic stimulation are possible etiologies. We explored if NHL's prevalence has changed since older HCV therapy based on interferon that shared antiviral and anti-lymphoma properties was replaced with interferon-free direct-acting antivirals (DAA)...

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In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) are involved in therapeutic responses. However, tumor-specific TILs can be dysfunctional, with impaired effector functions. Various mechanisms are involved in this exhaustion, and the increased expression of programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD1) and TIM3 on dysfunctional cells suggests their involvement. However, conflicting data have been published regarding their expression or coexpression in DLBCL. We evaluated the presence and phenotype of CD4+ and CD8+ TILs in freshly collected tumor tissues in DLBCL and compared the results with those in follicular lymphoma, classical Hodgkin lymphoma, and nonmalignant reactive lymphadenopathy...

INTRODUCTION: Medicines from the group of interferon inducers (IFNs) "swith on" the synthesis of type 1 interferons (IFN-I) and induce the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that regulate innate immunity reactions and protect the host from infectious agents and the tumour pathology.The purpose of the study was to determine the role of the drug celagrip (CA) in the activation of innate immunity genes and the effect on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in patients with follicular lymphoma (FL)...

Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) rearrangement is commonly detected in patients with a range of lymphoproliferative malignancies, including myelomas, large B cell lymphomas and low-grade B cell neoplasms. However, IRF4 rearrangement is generally a relatively rare finding in these latter two cancer types. In the present article, we describe and summarize the clinicopathological and genetic features of 13 cases of B cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement, including 12 cases of large B cell lymphoma and one case of low-grade lymphoma exhibiting such rearrangement...

Rejection injury is a serious complication after liver transplantation (LTx). Tacrolimus (Tac) is a key immunosuppressive agent in the prevention of liver rejection after transplantation. The basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor (BATF)/JUN/interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) complex serves critical functions in the immune response. This study aimed to explore the role of the BATF/JUN/IRF4 complex in rejection after LTx by treatment with Tac. Herein, DA and Lewis (LEW) rats were used to construct the LTx animal model...

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a heterogeneous disease; therefore, reliable prognostic tools are needed to plan treatment strategies. The FL International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) was developed before the rituximab era, while the PRIMA-PI was built on rituximab chemotherapy. Our objective was to evaluate these two prognostic tools in a cohort of 291 patients with FL treated in two prospective randomised Nordic Lymphoma Group trials with rituximab ± interferon. All patients had symptomatic/progressive disease and were previously untreated...

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a remarkably immune-responsive malignancy, which is still considered incurable. As, standard immunochemotherapy is complex, toxic and not curative, improvement in FL care is now a crucial topic in hemato-oncology. Recently, we and others have shown that dendritic cell (DC)-based therapies allow a specific immune response associated with sustained lymphoma regression in a proportion of low-tumor burden FL patients. Importantly, the rate of objective clinical response (33-50%) and of sustained remission is remarkably higher compared to similar studies in solid tumors, corroborating the assumption of the immune responsiveness of FL...