Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation

BACKGROUND: The objective was to provide international recommendations on anti-aging dermocosmetics for clinical practice starting with essential ingredients for protection and repair before working up to advanced products for specific concerns.  Methods: Seven international experts reviewed 8 hypothetical case scenarios covering different ages, skin issues (eg, sensitivity, acne, melasma), and exposure to exposome factors for both sexes and all Fitzpatrick skin types (FST). The RAND/UCLA appropriateness method was used to obtain consensus...

The CO2 laser has been widely utilized in dermatology; its expanding clinical applications include the management of neoplastic lesions, benign growths, cosmetic conditions, and reactive disorders. The laser's popularity is mainly due to the high precision and short recovery time this technology provides. However, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) has been one of the challenging adverse effects of the CO2 laser. Therefore, several modalities have been studied for the prevention of PIH following CO2 laser treatment...

BACKGROUND: Hyperpigmented spots are common issues in all ethnicities with a hallmark characteristic of increased melanocyte dendricity. OBJECTIVES: To determine (1) potential receptors and/or cytokines that are involved in increased melanocyte dendricity in multiple facial spot types; (2) treatment effects of skin-lightening compounds on identified cytokine release from keratinocytes and on dendricity in melanocytes. METHODS: Facial spots (melasma, solar lentigo, acne-induced post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation) and adjacent non-spot skin biopsies were collected from Chinese women (age 20-70)...

Topical hydroquinone (HQ) has been used for decades to treat disorders of hyperpigmentation such as melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and solar lentigines. Additionally, it has been used as a skin-lightening agent for cosmetic purposes. Multiple studies have shown it to be effective in treating hyperpigmentation, though it is not without side effects. Currently, HQ is not approved for over-the-counter use in the United States. Its use is also banned in other countries, including Japan, Australia, and the European Union...

BACKGROUND: Hori's nevus is a common and challenging dermatological condition, often complicated by post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation following treatment. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders such as melasma and periorbital darkening. Given the benefits and minimally invasive nature of PRP treatments, exploring its application in managing Hori's nevus through further investigation is worthwhile. AIMS: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of intradermal PRP therapy for the treatment of Hori's nevus...

Disorders of hyperpigmentation, such as melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, disproportionately affect skin of color and have a profound impact on quality of life. Exposure to ultraviolet light (UVL) is a well-documented factor in these disorders. However, recent studies show that visible light (VL) is a significant and underrecognized contributor to hyperpigmentation, especially in skin of color. Our objective is to review the role of VL in disorders of hyperpigmentation and that of tinted sunscreens in protecting against VL...

BACKGROUND: In this article, we review and discuss the photoprotection behavior of Asians based on the literature, along with a subanalysis of an original online survey, and make recommendations to optimize photoprotection for Asian populations to prevent photoaging and pigmentary disorders. METHODS: An international panel of eight dermatologists from Asia (China, Korea, Japan, Singapore, Indonesia, and Vietnam) met to discuss sunscreen photoprotection for Asian patients...

BACKGROUND: Several treatment modalities are used for the treatment of periorbital rejuvenation with variable results. Recent studies showed that fractional radiofrequency may be an effective treatment modality for periorbital aging. This study aims to determine the efficacy and safety of negative pressure fractional microneedle radiofrequency (NPFMR) as a treatment for periorbital aging. METHODS: Twenty-five patients with periorbital aging were involved in this study...

For over two decades, the acronym PAPA syndrome has been used to describe an autoinflammatory condition caused by missense mutations in the PSTPIP1 (proline-serine-threonine phosphatase interacting protein 1) gene and clinically characterized by the presence of pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum (PG), and acne (1,2). Due to the involvement of the PSTPIP1 gene in the regulation of innate immunity, mutations of this gene cause abnormal activation of inflammasomes, complexes of NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 proteins...

INTRODUCTION: Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) is a leading cause of diarrhea in travelers as well as for children living in low- to middle-income countries. ETEC adhere to intestinal epithelium via colonization factors (CFs). CFA/I, a common CF, is composed of a polymeric stalk and a tip-localized minor adhesive subunit, CfaE. Vaccine delivery by the transcutaneous immunization of dscCfaE was safe but was poorly immunogenic in a phase 1 trial when administered to volunteers with LTR(192G) and mLT...

INTRODUCTION: Carbon solution-assisted Nd:YAG lasers were previously used in enlarged pores; hair removal; acne and acne scars; and facial rejuvenation. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to determine the patient satisfaction for different treatment indications of carbon solution-assisted 1064 nm Nd:YAG lasers. METHODS: This is a retrospective study that included the patients who were treated with carbon solution-assisted 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser with any indication in a private dermatology practice...

BACKGROUND: Dyschromia is one of the most common reasons for patients to seek dermatological care, especially among individuals with skin of color. Most cases present as melasma or post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH); both are chronic issues requiring long-term treatment. While many pharmaceutical (topical or systemic) or procedural (lasers/chemical peels) options are available, some treatments are not safe/tolerable for long-term use or can induce/exacerbate PIH.  Methods: This qualitative review provides an overview of topical treatments for melasma and PIH, including recent data from an investigator-initiated trial of the retinoid tazarotene...

BACKGROUND: Prurigo pigmentosa (PP), also referred to as Nagashima disease, is an acquired dermatological condition that is characterized by pruritic erythematous eruptions including papules and plaques surrounded by a reticular pattern of hyperpigmentation. It was first described in 1971 when Japanese dermatologist Masaji Nagashima noticed similar dermatological manifestations among 8 patients of Asian descent. The disease has been strongly associated with ketosis and ketogenic diet; however, the underlying etiology is unknown...

Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD), or familial benign pemphigus, is a rare genetic condition characterized by recurrent blisters and erosions with a predilection for intertriginous areas. There is no specific treatment for HHD. Topical and systemic treatments tend to provide temporary remission. Alternative treatment (surgical interventions such as dermabrasion, excision, and laser) has been shown to prolong remission. Considering the risk of complications associated with surgical modalities, laser is often preferred as an alternative for patients failing to respond to first-line therapies...

BACKGROUND: Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is a common complication after laser surgeries. Recent studies applied epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the lasered area after laser surgery to decrease the incidence of PIH with controversial results. Therefore, a comprehensive literature review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to investigate the issue. METHODS: Two reviewers independently searched the literatures, extracted, and analyzed the data...

Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is a common consequence of inflammatory dermatoses. It is more common in patients with darker skin and has significant morbidity. This systematic review summarizes treatment outcomes for post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation to help physicians better predict clinical response and improve patient outcomes. Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed databases and clinicaltrials.gov were searched in accordance with PRISMA guidelines using a combination of relevant search terms. Title, abstract and full text screening were done in duplicate...

PURPOSE: Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) and solar lentigines are dark spots of skin from excessive melanin production due to injury or UV exposure. This 12-week single-center study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of a novel targeted pigment-correcting spot treatment gel suspension cream (Dark Spot Treatment) for improving mild-to-moderate PIH or solar lentigines. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Female participants (N = 41) aged 25-65 with mild-to-moderate facial dark spots applied Dark Spot Treatment daily for 12 weeks...

BACKGROUND: Ablative carbon dioxide (CO2 ) laser is still a cornerstone in the management of xanthelasma. However, post-laser complications such as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation or scarring have to be considered. Heparin sodium was recently suggested as an effective therapeutic modality for xanthelasma. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to compare the therapeutic value of ablative CO2 laser versus intradermal heparin sodium in xanthelasma. METHODS: This study was piloted on 30 xanthelasma patients, whose lesions were randomly categorized into two groups...

Acne is a common dermatologic condition that affects most adolescents. In adolescents of color with textured hair, it is paramount to consider how hair care practices may affect acne distribution and treatment. Dermatologists should be familiar with hair care cultural norms when treating this population.

BACKGROUND: Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) has quickly transitioned from a research tool to an adjunct diagnostic bedside tool, providing the opportunity for noninvasive evaluation of skin lesions with histologic resolution. RCM is an optical imaging technique that uses near-infrared excitation wavelengths and safe low-power lasers. En-face images of different skin layers (up to the superficial dermis) are acquired in grayscale based on the reflective indices of tissue components...