Cardiovascular nanomedicine

For centuries, people have used herbal medicine to treat a diversity of health complications and as a natural substance, they have a favourable effect on our health. Herbal ingredients can be utilized as lead molecules in the innovation and development of a new drug. Flavonoids are a class of chemical compounds with diverse phenolic structures, and they are found in a wide variety of foods, including fruits, vegetables, cereals, bark, roots, stems, flowers, tea, and wine. Quercetin is the most prevalent polyphenolic bioflavonoid or flavonoid...

Heart failure (HF) is a multifactorial, heterogeneous systemic disease that is considered one of the leading causes of death and morbidity worldwide. It is well-known that endothelial dysfunction (ED) plays an important role in cardiac disease etiology. A reduction in the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) in the bloodstream leads to vasoconstriction and ED. Many studies indicated diminishment of peripheral arteries vasodilation that is mediated by the endothelium in the of patients with chronic HF. With the advancement of nanomedicine, nanotechnology can provide adequate solutions for delivering exogenous NO with the aid of nanoparticles (NPs) to treat ED...

PURPOSE: Rapid detection and diagnosis of diseases facilitate timely and effective treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The establishment of a one-step rapid detection method provides a new method for the initial screening and disease risk assessment of patients with cardiovascular diseases in primary medical units. METHODS: Hollow gold nanoparticles (HGNPs) were synthesized using a cobalt template method followed by use as signal amplification probes for ultra-sensitive quantitative detection of serum C-reactive protein (CRP)...

Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and disability. While there are many therapeutic alternatives available for the management of CVDs, the majority of classic therapeutic strategies were found to be ineffective at stopping or significantly/additionally slowing the progression of these diseases, or they had unfavorable side effects. Numerous metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) have been created to overcome these limitations, demonstrating encouraging possibilities in the treatment of CVDs due to advancements in nanotechnology...

(1) Background: Nanomedicine, incorporating various nanoparticles and nanomaterials, offers significant potential in medical practice. Its clinical adoption, however, faces challenges like safety concerns, regulatory hurdles, and biocompatibility issues. Despite these, recent advancements have led to the approval of many nanotechnology-based products, including those for pediatric use. (2) Methods: Our approach included reviewing clinical, preclinical, and animal studies, as well as literature reviews from the past two decades and ongoing trials...

Lymphatic vessel networks are a main part of the vertebrate cardiovascular system, which participate in various physiological and pathological processes via regulation of fluid transport and immunosurveillance. Targeting lymphatic vessels has become a potent strategy for treating various human diseases. The presence of varying degrees of inflammation in joints of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA), characterized by heightened infiltration of inflammatory cells, increased levels of inflammatory factors, and activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, significantly contributes to the disruption of cartilage and bone homeostasis in arthritic conditions...

Exosomes are nano-sized membrane vesicles that transfer bioactive molecules between cells and modulate various biological processes under physiological and pathological conditions. By applying bioengineering technologies, exosomes can be modified to express specific markers or carry therapeutic cargo and emerge as novel platforms for the treatment of cancer, neurological, cardiovascular, immune, and infectious diseases. However, there are many challenges and uncertainties in the clinical translation of exosomes...

BACKGROUND: High-level low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) plays a vital role in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLRs) are scavengers that bind to LDL-C in the liver. LDLR proteins are regulated by proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), which mediates the degradation of LDLR and adjusts the level of the plasma LDL-C. The low expression of PCSK9 leads to the up-regulation of liver LDLRs and the reduction of plasma LDL-C...

Mango and its by-products have traditional medicinal uses. They contain diverse bioactive compounds offering numerous health benefits, including cardioprotective and metabolic properties. This study aimed to explore the impact of mango fruit and its by-products on human health, emphasizing its metabolic syndrome components. PUBMED, EMBASE, COCHRANE, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR were searched following PRISMA guidelines, and the COCHRANE handbook was utilized to assess bias risks. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown several benefits of mango and its by-products...

Nattokinase (NK), a potent thrombolytic enzyme that dissolves blood clots, is highly used in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. However, its effective delivery remains demanding because of stability and bioavailability problems owing to its high molecular weight and proteineous nature. In this research, we have developed novel NK-loaded nontargeted liposomes (NK-LS) and targeted liposomes (RGD-NK-LS and AM-NK-LS) by the reverse phase evaporation method. The physiochemical characterizations (particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and morphology) were performed by a Zetasizer, SEM, TEM, and AFM...

PURPOSE: Particulate matter (PM) 2.5, harmful air pollutants, and diabetes are associated with high morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the combined effects of PM and diabetes on CVD remain unclear. METHODS: Endothelial cells (ECs) treated with high glucose (HG) and PM mimic hyperglycemia and air pollutant exposure in CVD. Endothelial inflammation was evaluated by Western blot and immunofluorescence of ICAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion...

Tweetable abstract Mitochondria are increasingly a target for drug delivery in cardiovascular diseases. This editorial describes how a nanomedicine approach may improve drug potency and efficacy in a safe and controlled manner.

The increasing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains responsible for morbidity and mortality worldwide; their effective diagnostic or treatment methods are of great interest to researchers. The use of NPs and nanocarriers in cardiology has drawn much interest. The present comprehensive review provides deep insights into the use of current and innovative approaches in CVD diagnostics to offer practical ways to utilize nanotechnological interventions and the critical elements in the CVD diagnosis, associated risk factors, and management strategies of patients with chronic CVDs...

Macrophages play a crucial role in tissue homeostasis and the innate immune system. They perform essential functions such as presenting antigens, regulating cytokines, and responding to inflammation. However, in diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and autoimmune conditions, macrophages undergo aberrant polarization, which disrupts tissue regulation and impairs their normal behavior. To address these challenges, there has been growing interest in developing customized targeted drug delivery systems specifically designed for macrophage-related functions in different anatomical locations...

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a leading cause of the life-threatening cardiovascular disease (CVD), creating an urgent need for efficient, biocompatible therapeutics for diagnosis and treatment. Biomimetic nanomedicines (bNMs) are moving closer to fulfilling this need, pushing back the frontier of nano-based drug delivery systems design. This review seeks to outline how these nanomedicines (NMs) might work to diagnose and treat atherosclerosis, to trace the trajectory of their development to date and in the coming years, and to provide a foundation for further discussion about atherosclerotic theranostics...

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a cardiovascular disease and troubles patients all over the world. Exosomes produced after long-term exercise training were discovered to mediate intercellular communication and alleviate MI-induced heart injury. However, the detailed roles of long-term exercise-derived exosomal long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) in MI remain uncovered. In this study, we collected and identified long-term exercise-derived exosomes, and established MI or hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model after LncRNA colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) depletion...

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Given the current challenges in recognizing and managing CVDs, the initial and long-term outcomes of patients vary substantially despite recent breakthroughs in the treatment of CVDs. Due to a deficiency of cutting-edge diagnostics and individually targeted treatments, innovative and out-of-the-box strategies are required to close this chasm. Nanotechnology allows the development of nanomaterials with the potential to enhance health and treat disease...

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies to alleviate plaque burden. Macrophage efferocytosis, the process by which macrophages clear apoptotic and foam cells, plays a crucial role in plaque regression. However, this process is impaired in AS lesions due to the overexpression of CD47, which produces a "do not eat me" signal. In this study, we investigated the potential of CpG, a toll-like receptor 9 agonist, to enhance macrophage efferocytosis for AS therapy...

Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, is a critical cardiovascular condition associated with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Despite significant advancements in traditional treatment modalities, there remains a need for innovative approaches to improve the prognosis and treatment outcomes of MI. The emergence of nanotechnology has provided a promising avenue for revolutionizing the management of this life-threatening condition. This manuscript aims to explore the role of nanotechnology in the prognosis and treatment of myocardial infarctions...

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease and represents the leading cause of death in both men and women worldwide. Early detection of CAD is crucial for decreasing mortality, prolonging survival, and improving patient quality of life. Herein, a non-invasive is described, nanoparticle-based diagnostic technology which takes advantages of proteomic changes in the nano-bio interface for CAD detection. Nanoparticles (NPs) exposed to biological fluids adsorb on their surface a layer of proteins, the "protein corona" (PC)...