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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Diana Pham, Brian J Hopkins, Audrie A Chavez, L Steven Brown, Surendra Barshikar, Bonnie C Prokesch
OBJECTIVE: To promote antimicrobial stewardship, many institutions have implemented a policy of reflexing to a urine culture based on a positive urinalysis result. The rehab patient population, including individuals with brain and spinal cord injuries, may have atypical presentations of UTIs. The study objective is to determine the effects of implementing a urine culture reflex policy in this specific patient population. DESIGN: In an inpatient rehabilitation unit, 348 urinalyses were analyzed from August 2019 to June 2021...
January 12, 2024: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Suma D Borra, Dnyanesh N Morkar
INTRODUCTION: Sepsis is a complicated host response to infection involving organ failure which ultimately causes death of the host. Procalcitonin (PCT) is an effective marker used to diagnose sepsis but until now, there has been no ideal marker for sepsis. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) also increases infections; however, only a few studies have assessed its capacity as a biomarker to diagnose sepsis. Thus, we aimed to examine PLA2 and compare its diagnostic capacity and accuracy with PCT as a biomarker of sepsis...
December 2023: Curēus
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Silvia Ioana Musuroi, Adela Voinescu, Corina Musuroi, Luminita Mirela Baditoiu, Delia Muntean, Oana Izmendi, Romanita Jumanca, Monica Licker
UNLABELLED: The emergency department (ED) represents an important setting for addressing inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing practices because of the time constraints and the duration of microbiological diagnosis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the etiology and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pattern of the community-acquired pathogens, as well as the epidemiological characteristics of patients admitted through the ED, in order to guide appropriate antibiotic therapy. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was performed on 657 patients, from whom clinical samples (urine, purulent secretions, blood cultures, etc...
December 29, 2023: Journal of Personalized Medicine
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Koichiro Wada, Ichiro Tsuboi, Satoshi Takahashi, Mitsuru Yasuda, Jun Miyazaki, Kanao Kobayashi, Masahiro Matsumoto, Hiroshi Hayami, Shingo Yamamoto, Hiroshi Kiyota, Junko Sato, Tetsuya Matsumoto, Naoki Hasegawa, Intetsu Kobayashi, Naoya Masumori, Takahiro Kimura, Hiroki Yamada, Kazumasa Matsumoto, Kiyohito Ishikawa, Kiyohide Fujimoto, Katsumi Shigemura, Takuya Sadahira, Kenji Ito, Teruhiko Yokoyama, Masanobu Izumitani, Toru Sumii, Takahide Hosobe, Kazunobu Hikosaka, Motoshi Kawahara, Takashi Sato, Shin Ito, Naruyasu Masue, Takahiko Sakurai, Koji Kokura, Hitoshi Kadena, Takamitsu Morikawa, Yuzuru Minamidate, Mutsumasa Yoh, Jiro Hashimoto, Takahiro Maruyama, Masaru Yoshioka, Kenji Takashima, Shuichi Kawai, Shohei Nishi, Tetsuro Matsumoto, Hideo Hirayama, Hiroshi Okusa, Satoshi Uno, Yoji Inoue, Yuichiro Kurimura, Takeshi Shirane, Eiichiro Takaoka, Takanori Tojo, Soichi Arakawa, Ryoichi Hamasuna, Atsushi Tomioka, Kiyotaka Iihara, Satoshi Ishitoya, Maeda Hiroshi, Michikazu Terado
The Japanese surveillance committee conducted a third nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility of acute uncomplicated cystitis at 55 facilities throughout Japan between April 2020 and September 2021. In this surveillance, we investigated the susceptibility of Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (S. saprophyticus) for various antimicrobial agents by isolating and culturing bacteria from urine samples. In total, 823 strains were isolated from 848 patients and 569 strains of target bacteria, including E...
January 17, 2024: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy: Official Journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy
#25
Amirul Hasbi, Ismail Shatriah, Haslinda A Rahim, Akmal Haliza Zamli, Evelyn Tai
This is a case of an orbital abscess evidenced radiologically in a 41-year-old female with no comorbidities. She was healthy and had no history of trauma or infection of the adjacent structures. She denied having symptoms of upper or lower respiratory and urinary tract infections. The decision for surgical drainage was made following a slow response to antimicrobial agents after 24 hours, a progressive painful erythematous eyelid swelling, and further deterioration of vision. Her clinical condition and visual acuity improved following cutaneous incision and drainage...
December 2023: Curēus
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mariana Negri, Bárbara Martins Lima, Renata Dos Santos Batista Reis Woloszynek, Roberto Augusto Silva Molina, Carla Maria Ramos Germano, Débora Gusmão Melo, Leandro Cândido de Souza, Lucimar Retto da Silva de Avó
This study aimed to determine the antibiotic profile of microorganisms isolated from urine samples of patients with community urine tract infections (UTI) admitted to the University Hospital of the Federal University of Sao Carlos to support an appropriate local empirical treatment. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2018 to October 2020. Data from 1,528 positive urine cultures for bacterial pathogens and antibiograms were tabulated. Bacterial species prevalence and their resistance profile were analyzed and compared by sex and age...
2024: Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stephanie J Curtis, Jason C Kwong, Yee Lin Chaung, Danielle Mazza, Calum J Walsh, Kyra Y Chua, Andrew J Stewardson
BACKGROUND: Australian guidelines recommend trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin as first-line agents for uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). Laboratory surveillance indicates high rates of trimethoprim resistance among urinary bacterial isolates, but there are scant local clinical data about risk factors and impact of trimethoprim resistance. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence, risk factors, mechanism and impact of resistance to first-line antibiotic therapy for uncomplicated UTIs in the community setting...
February 2024: JAC-antimicrobial resistance
#28
Laurène Lotte, Claire Durand, Alicia Chevalier, Alice Gaudart, Yousra Cheddadi, Raymond Ruimy, Romain Lotte
Aerococcus urinae is an aerobic Gram-positive coccus that grows as tiny alpha-hemolytic colonies. Actinotignum schaalii is a slow-growing facultative anaerobic Gram-positive rod. These bacteria are part of the urogenital microbiota of healthy patients, but can also be involved in urinary tract infections (UTIs), particularly in elderly men and young children. Because A. urinae and A. schaalii are fastidious and are difficult to identify with phenotypic methods, they are underestimated causes of UTIs. Their growth is slow and requires a blood-enriched medium incubated under an anaerobic or 5% CO2 atmosphere for 48 h and from 24 to 48 h for A...
December 2, 2023: Microorganisms
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Or Kriger, Natasha Belausov, Shiraz Gefen-Halevi, Gillian Smollan, Roanda Sanalla, Yelena Merchi, Asher Levin, Gil Tunkel, Oren Feldman, Sharon Amit
Despite appropriate disinfection, sample contamination during in-and-out urinary catheterization is not uncommon, yielding false-positive and "mixed-culture" interpretations. We implemented a "midstream-like" catheterization technique, and cultured both first- and second-voided urine fractions. Second-fraction cultures exhibited less contaminants and "mixed-culture" interpretations and were better aligned with pyuria, thereby enhancing diagnostic accuracy and minimizing the risk of clinical misdiagnosis and unwarranted antibiotic use...
December 22, 2023: Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohammad Adam Hamad, Andrew Williams, Jamie Kneebusch, Niyati Butala
INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common indications for antibiotic use; patients with psychiatric disorders have a greater risk for UTI compared with patients without these disorders. However, there is little guidance on how best to manage antibiotic therapy in psychiatric hospitals. This study assessed the impact of a Board Certified Psychiatric Pharmacist (BCPP)-driven guideline on managing UTI treatment in an acute psychiatric hospital. METHODS: The guideline was developed by the psychiatric pharmacy team and distributed to internists, psychiatrists, and pharmacists...
October 2023: Mental Health Clinician
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pranjal Kumar Yadav, Moumita Paul, Suchetna Singh, Sanjay Kumar, S Ponmariappan, Duraipandian Thavaselvam
BACKGROUND: Melioidosis, caused by category B bioterrorism agent Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a seasonal disease of tropical and subtropical regions with a high mortality rate. An early and culture-independent detection of B. pseudomallei is required for the appropriate disease management and prevention. The present study is designed to identify novel and unique sequences of B. pseudomallei and development of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. METHODS: A novel B...
December 12, 2023: Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sonal Fande, Khairunnisa Amreen, D Sriram, Valentin Mateev, Sanket Goel
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat, progressively emerging as a significant public health issue. Therefore, an antibiotic susceptibility study is a powerful method for combating antimicrobial resistance. Antibiotic susceptibility study collectively helps in evaluating both genotypic and phenotypic resistance. However, current traditional antibiotic susceptibility study methods are time-consuming, laborious, and expensive. Hence, there is a pressing need to develop simple, rapid, miniature, and affordable devices to prevent antimicrobial resistance...
November 21, 2023: Sensors
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tatjana Adzic-Vukicevic, Dejan Markovic, Aleksandar Reljic, Voin Brkovic
BACKGROUND: Selection of effective and safe therapy for management of patients with coronavirus disease is challenging. Tocilizumab (TZB) has emerged as a potential treatment option for COVID-19. Several aspects regarding Tocilizumab treatment remain uncertain, such as the optimal timing for its administration and the safety profile, including the potential risk of infections. The aim of the study is to present the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 following the application of Tocilizumab...
2023: Frontiers in Medicine
#34
Perla Mansour, Lama Ammar, Eric O Gomez Urena, Andrew Chow, Mohamad El Labban
Renal cysts are prevalent conditions and are often diagnosed incidentally. The infection of renal cysts is an uncommon presentation. It is even more rare in solitary simple cysts than in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Patients with infected renal cysts can have variable presenting symptoms; however, almost universally, they have flank pain. Here, we report a case of a solitary renal cyst infection in the absence of flank pain, a relatively rare condition. A 60-year-old male patient presented to our emergency department (ED) for ongoing periumbilical/lower abdominal pain, chills, and high-grade fever...
October 2023: Curēus
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xavier Sánchez, Alicia Latacunga, Iván Cárdenas, Ruth Jimbo-Sotomayor, Santiago Escalante
BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common cause to prescribe antibiotics in primary care. Diagnosis is based on the presence of clinical symptoms in combination with the results of laboratory tests. Antibiotic therapy is the primary approach to the treatment of UTIs; however, some studies indicate that therapeutics in UTIs may be suboptimal, potentially leading to therapeutic failure and increased bacterial resistance. METHODS: This study aimed to analyze the antibiotic prescription patterns in adult patients with suspected UTIs and to evaluate the appropriateness of the antibiotic prescription...
2023: PloS One
#36
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Henry Collier Wright, Naveen Kachroo, Rajat Jain, Mohamed Omar, Donald Fedrigon, Dillon Corrigan, Anna Zampini, Smita De, Mark Noble, Wahib Isac, Manoj Monga, Sri Sivalingam
Objective: National guidelines recommend periprocedural antibiotics before percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), yet it is not clear which is superior. We conducted a randomized trial to compare two guideline-recommended antibiotics: ciprofloxacin (cipro) vs cefazolin, on PCNL outcomes, focusing on the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria. Methods: Adult patients who were not considered high risk for surgical or infectious complications and undergoing PCNL were randomized to receive either cipro or cefazolin perioperatively...
January 2024: Journal of Endourology
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chelsey Axelrod, Jessica Cobian, Jennifer Montero
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Urine analysis with reflex to culture (URTC) is employed as a diagnostic aid for urinary tract infections (UTIs). Criteria utilized to determine whether a urine analysis (UA) will reflex varies owing to a lack of evidence-based guidance. Positive predictive value (PPV) of URTC varies across studies. The URTC criteria in this study included moderate or more white blood cells (> 5 high-power field [HPF]), few or more bacteria (> 1 HPF), and few or no epithelial cells (< 3 HPF)...
October 27, 2023: International Urogynecology Journal
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M Boháč, D Ivanišová, M Strečanská, T Sekeľová, B Niko Fereje, V Smolinská, Z Varchulová Nováková, M Kuniaková, M Čeháková, M Čulenová, S Bernátová, M Mazreku, K Bevízová, A Nicodemou, R Zamborský, Ľ Danišovič
Congenital anomalies, diseases, and injuries may result in osteochondral damage. Recently, a big hope has been given to somatic stem cells (SSCs) which are characterized as undifferentiated cells with an ability of long-term self-renewing and plasticity. They are adherent with a fibroblast-like morphology in vitro and express various surface markers (e.g. CD29, CD73, CD90, and CD105), but they are negative for CD31, CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR. SSCs secrete various bioactive molecules, which are involved in processes of regeneration...
October 27, 2023: Physiological Research
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maryza Graham, Robert Gugasyan, Devisri Dharmaraj, Gillian Yap, Brooke Webb, Anjali Dhulia, Beena Kumar
OBJECTIVE: To estimate cost savings after implementation of customized electronic duplicate order alerts. DESIGN: Alerts were implemented for microbiology tests at the largest public hospital in Victoria, Australia. These alerts were designed to pop up at the point of test ordering to inform the clinician that the test had previously been ordered and to suggest appropriate reordering time frames and indications. RESULTS: In a 6-month audit of urine culture (our most commonly ordered test) after alert implementation, 2,904 duplicate requesters proceeded with the request and 2,549 tests were cancelled, for a 47% reduction in test ordering...
October 27, 2023: Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tika Bahadur Thapa, Sushant Pokhrel, Anit Lamichhane, Vinay Kumar Singh, Ojaswee Shrestha, Manisha Sapkota, Puspa Raj Khanal
Identifying and appropriately managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are essential to reduce further disease complications and economic burden. Hence, this study aims to determine the prevalence of UTIs among CKD patients and study the antibiogram of the bacterial isolates. Four hundred eighty-two clean catch midstream urine samples were collected from CKD patients during the study period. The samples were cultured, and bacteria were isolated using standard microbiological techniques...
2023: Open Medicine (Warsaw, Poland)
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