health care financing

Preventing the development of high blood pressure and resulting complication requires estimating the prevalence of prehypertension/hypertension and identifying associated risk factors. Information about pre-hypertension/hypertension in Ethiopia, especially in the southern region, is scarce, and limited knowledge exists regarding the prevalence and risk factors associated with pre-hypertension/hypertension. Objective of this study was to assess prevalence of pre-hypertension/hypertension and its associated factors among adults in Wolaita Zone of Southern Ethiopia, 2023...

Three organizations in Clark County, WA, partnered together to implement a pilot program to expand access to personal caregiving services in the homeless crisis response system. The aim of this study is to describe staff and clients' experiences of the program and its impact on clients' daily living activities, health and wellbeing, and housing stability. Using a qualitative descriptive design, semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 clients and 5 pilot staff, representing 4 housing service providers...

This article aims to estimate the Value per Statistical Life (VSL) and Value per Statistical Life Year (VSLY) at the sub-national level, which can be used to calculate the economic impact of health and environmental problems. We estimate the value of life for Mexico and its 32 states, grouped into 5 regions for 2021. We used the OECD's guidelines on "Mortality Risk Valuation in Environment, Health and Transport Policies," which applies the measure of Willingness to Pay (WTP) and Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA)...

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is globally endemic and a gross violation of human rights, in addition to abuse of intimacy by some men against their female intimate partners. Based on literature review, attitudinal, socio-demographic, and experiential attributes of 15 to 49 year old ever partnered women in the heterosexual relationships were identified. This study used the anonymized 2020-21Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS) data to compute the IPV prevalence and its correlates, in addition to computing the changes in IPV prevalence at the urban, rural, and at the national levels using data from the 2014 CDHS...

INTRODUCTION: Despite Medicaid's outsized role in delivering and financing medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), little is known about the extent to which buprenorphine prescriber networks vary across Medicaid health plans, and whether network characteristics affect quality of treatment received. In this observational cross-sectional study, we used 2018-2019 Medicaid claims in Oregon to assess network variation in the numbers and types of buprenorphine prescribers, as well as the association of prescriber and network characteristics with quality of care...

The article presents results of the study of archive sources and reference publications. The unknown facts of subsidization of district hospitals of the Irkutsk general-governorship, items and amount of current and supernumerary expenses and sources of financial allocations are revealed. The scope of financial accountability made up by directors and hospital supervisors, office and council of hospitals as well care of charge of patients is impressive. The concrete data concerning food allowance of employees and servants of civilian hospitals and provision of clothing and salaries is presented...

BACKGROUND: Work on long COVID-19 has mainly focused on clinical care in hospitals. Thermal spa therapies represent a therapeutic offer outside of health care institutions that are nationally or even internationally attractive. Unlike local care (hospital care, general medicine, para-medical care), their integration in the care pathways of long COVID-19 patients seems little studied. The aim of this article is to determine what place french thermal spa therapies can take in the care pathway of long COVID-19 patients...

PURPOSE: Nurse leaders are challenged by ethical issues in today's complex health-care settings. The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze key elements of moral distress identified by nurse leaders from health-care systems in the USA, Germany, Austria and Switzerland. The aim was to develop an understanding of distressing ethical issues nurse leaders face in the USA and three German-speaking European countries. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: This descriptive cross-sectional study surveyed a convenience sample of nurse leaders in the USA, Germany, Austria and Switzerland...

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the practical application of "Internet + technology" leveraging medical big data to enhance the development of a smart hospital platform. Specifically, the focus is on optimizing patient care processes, refining medical data management systems, and enhancing operational efficiency within the hospital setting. METHODS: With the help of traditional Internet and mobile Internet technology, we analyzed the patient behavior big data accumulated in our hospital for many years, simplified the diagnosis and treatment links, refined the service connotation, and improved patient satisfaction before, during and after diagnosis; With the help of barcode, RFID and 5G networks, the links that are easy to produce medical security incidents can be monitored to improve medical quality, such as digital operating room system, establishment of multidisciplinary consultation center (MDT), electronic medical record system based on digital signature, etc...

INTRODUCTION: Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Target 3.8.2 entails financial protection against catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) by reducing out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) on healthcare. India is characterized by one of the highest OOPE on healthcare, in conjunction with the pervasive socio-economic disparities entrenched in the population. As a corollary, India has embarked on the trajectory of ensuring financial risk protection, particularly for the poor, with the launch of various flagship initiatives...

BACKGROUND: Professional licensing bodies are valuable sources for tracking the health workforce, as many skilled health-care providers require formal training, registration, and licensure. Regulatory activities in Ethiopia were not effectively implemented due to poor follow-up and gaps in skilled human resources, budget, and information technology infrastructure. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore and describe the lived experiences and challenges faced by health care managers in health professionals' licensure practices in Ethiopia...

BACKGROUND: Effective financing mechanisms are essential to ensuring that people can access and utilize effective treatments and services. Financing mechanisms are needed not only to pay for the delivery of those treatments and services, but also ancillary costs, while also keeping care affordable. AIMS: This article highlights key areas of the interest of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) in supporting applied health economics and health care financing research...

BACKGROUND: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) affect a large number of people globally and their burden has been growing. Healthcare for NCDs often involves high out-of-pocket expenditure and rising costs of providing services. Financing and providing care for NCDs have become a major challenge for health systems. Despite the high burden of NCDs in India, there is little information available on the costs involved in NCD care. METHODS: The study was aimed at finding out the average monthly cost of outpatient care per NCD patient...

BACKGROUND: Perinatal substance use can have significant adverse effects on maternal and child health and family stability. Few interventions are specifically designed to address this significant public health problem. The Parent-Child Assistance Program (PCAP) is a 3-year case management and home-visiting intervention that seeks to help birthing persons with at-risk substance use during pregnancy to achieve and maintain substance use disorder recovery and avoid exposing future children to substances prenatally...

Health services research (HSR) is a field of study that examines how social factors, financing systems, organizational structures and processes, health technologies, and personal behaviors affect access to health care, the quality and cost of health care, and health and well-being. HSR approaches can help build the occupational therapy evidence base, particularly in relation to population health. Data from electronic health record (EHR) systems provide a rich resource for applying HSR approaches to examine the value of occupational therapy services...

BACKGROUND: China has piloted Long-Term Care Insurance (LTCI) to address increasing care demand. However, many cities neglected adjusting LTCI premiums since the pilot, risking the long-term sustainability of LTCI. Therefore, using Zhejiang Province as a case, this study simulated mortality-adjusted long-term care demand and the balance of LTCI funds through dynamic financing mechanism under diverse life expectancy and disability scenarios. METHODS: Three-parameter log-quadratic model was used to estimate the mortality from 1990 to 2020...

Global declines in donor funding present a substantial threat to development financing in low- and middle-income countries. In Nigeria, the resources required to achieve states' health goals surpass existing government budgets and available donor funding, a shortfall that incentivizes efforts to expand nondonor sources of financing, including public-driven cofinancing models. The Challenge Initiative (TCI) in Nigeria implements a demand-led model wherein 13 state governments requested technical support from TCI to adapt and scale up high-impact family planning and reproductive health (FP/RH) interventions...

Pakistan developed an essential package of health services at the primary health care level as a key component of health reforms aiming to achieve universal health coverage. This supplement describes the methods and processes adopted for evidence-informed prioritization of services, policy decisions adopted, and the lessons learned in package design as well as in the transition to effective rollout. The papers conclude that evidenceinformed deliberative processes can be effectively applied to design affordable packages of services that represent good value for money and address a major part of the disease burden...

BACKGROUND: Despite known adverse impacts on patients and health systems, 'incentive-linked prescribing', which describes the prescribing of medicines that result in personal benefits for the prescriber, remains a widespread and hidden impediment to quality of healthcare. We investigated factors perpetuating incentive-linked prescribing among primary care physicians in for-profit practices (referred to as private doctors), using Pakistan as a case study. METHODS: Our mixed-methods study synthesised insights from a survey of 419 systematically samples private doctors and 68 semi-structured interviews with private doctors (n=28), pharmaceutical sales representatives (n=12), and provincial and national policy actors (n=28)...

INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: Safe and quality surgery is crucial for child health. In Rwanda, district hospitals serve as primary entry points for pediatric patients needing surgical care. This paper reports on the organizational readiness and facility capacity to provide pediatric surgery in three district hospitals in rural Rwanda. METHODS: We administered the Children's Surgical Assessment Tool (CSAT), adapted for a Rwandan district hospital, to assess facility readiness across 5 domains (infrastructure, workforce, service delivery, financing, and training) at three Partners in Health supported district hospitals (Kirehe, Rwinkwavu, and Butaro District Hospitals)...