keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/11112786/a-role-for-poly-adp-ribose-polymerase-in-the-transcriptional-regulation-of-the-melanoma-growth-stimulatory-activity-cxcl1-gene-expression
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
C Nirodi, S NagDas, S P Gygi, G Olson, R Aebersold, A Richmond
The melanoma growth stimulatory activity/growth-regulated protein, CXCL1, is constitutively expressed at high levels during inflammation and progression of melanocytes into malignant melanoma. It has been shown previously that CXCL1 overexpression in melanoma cells is due to increased transcription as well as stability of the CXCL1 message. The transcription of CXCL1 is regulated through several cis-acting elements including Sp1, NF-kappaB, HMGI(Y), and the immediate upstream region (IUR) element (nucleotides -94 to -78), which lies immediately upstream to the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) element...
March 23, 2001: Journal of Biological Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/11062239/nuclear-factor-kappa-b-activation-by-the-cxc-chemokine-melanoma-growth-stimulatory-activity-growth-regulated-protein-involves-the-mekk1-p38-mitogen-activated-protein-kinase-pathway
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
D Wang, A Richmond
Melanoma growth stimulatory activity/growth-regulated protein (MGSA/GRO), a CXC chemokine, plays an important role in inflammation, wound healing, growth regulation, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis. Constitutive expression of MGSA/GROalpha in melanoma tumors is associated with constitutive nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activity. We show here that either exogenous addition or continuous expression of MGSA/GROalpha in immortalized melanocytes enhances NF-kappaB activation, as well as mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase (MEKK) 1, MAP kinase kinase (MEK) 3/6, and p38 MAP kinase activation...
February 2, 2001: Journal of Biological Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/11030154/mgsa-gro-mediated-melanocyte-transformation-involves-induction-of-ras-expression
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
D Wang, W Yang, J Du, M N Devalaraja, P Liang, K Matsumoto, K Tsubakimoto, T Endo, A Richmond
The MGSA/GRO protein is endogenously expressed in almost 70% of the melanoma cell lines and tumors, but not in normal melanocytes. We have previously demonstrated that over-expression of human MGSA/GROalpha, beta or gamma in immortalized murine melanocytes (melan-a cells) enables these cells to form tumors in SCID and nude mice. To examine the possibility that the MGSA/GRO effect on melanocyte transformation requires expression of other genes, differential display was performed. One of the mRNA's identified in the screen as overexpressed in MGSA/GRO transformed melan-a clones was the newly described M-Ras or R-Ras3 gene, a member of the Ras gene superfamily...
September 21, 2000: Oncogene
https://read.qxmd.com/read/10816656/molecular-basis-of-the-alpha-msh-il-1-antagonism
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
T Brzoska, D H Kalden, T Scholzen, T A Luger
The neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) is recognized as a potent mediator of immune and inflammatory reactions. Accordingly, alpha-MSH in vitro, as well as in vivo, antagonizes the proinflammatory activities of cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha). Since the molecular basis of these antiinflammatory effects is not well known, the influence of alpha-MSH on IL-1 beta-induced chemokine production and transcription factor activation was investigated in human keratinocytes...
October 20, 1999: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/10647998/the-tumorigenic-and-angiogenic-effects-of-mgsa-gro-proteins-in-melanoma
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
H Haghnegahdar, J Du, D Wang, R M Strieter, M D Burdick, L B Nanney, N Cardwell, J Luan, R Shattuck-Brandt, A Richmond
Continuous expression of the MGSA/GROalpha, beta, or gamma chemokine bestows tumor-forming capacity to the immortalized murine melanocyte cell line, melan-a. The mechanism for this transformation is unclear, although both autocrine and paracrine processes are possible because melan-a cells as well as endothelial cells express a low level of the receptor for this ligand. To further define the role of MGSA/GRO proteins in melanocyte transformation, two types of experiments were designed to neutralize the biological effects of MGSA/GRO in the transfected melan-a clones: (1) the effect of neutralizing antiserum to MGSA/GRO proteins on melan-a tumor growth was assessed; (2) the tumor-forming capacity of melan-a clones expressing ELR motif-mutated forms of MGSA/GRO with compromised receptor affinity was compared to the tumor-forming capacity of clones expressing wild-type MGSA/GRO...
January 2000: Journal of Leukocyte Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/10380932/a-synthetic-peptide-inhibitor-for-alpha-chemokines-inhibits-the-tumour-growth-and-pulmonary-metastasis-of-human-melanoma-cells-in-nude-mice
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
N Fujisawa, S Hayashi, E J Miller
Growth-related oncogene-alpha (GROalpha) was first described as an autocrine mitogen and growth factor for melanoma cells. More recent studies show that GROalpha, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and other members of the alpha-chemokine superfamily are also angiogenic. Therefore, we sought to determine if inhibitors of the alpha-chemokine receptor would be effective in inhibiting the tumour growth and pulmonary metastasis of human melanoma cells. We determined that melanocytes and 12 human melanoma cell lines produce both GROalpha and IL-8...
April 1999: Melanoma Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/10096573/elevated-constitutive-ikappab-kinase-activity-and-ikappab-alpha-phosphorylation-in-hs294t-melanoma-cells-lead-to-increased-basal-mgsa-gro-alpha-transcription
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M N Devalaraja, D Z Wang, D W Ballard, A Richmond
The basal transcription of the CXC chemokine, melanocyte growth stimulatory activity (MGSA)/growth-regulated protein (GRO)-alpha, is up-regulated in Hs294T melanoma cells compared with the normal retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Previous studies characterized a cytokine-inducible, functional nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB consensus element in the immediate 5' regulatory region of the MGSA/GRO-alpha gene at -78 bp. Although the cytokine-inducible mechanisms for transcription of this gene are fairly well delineated, the mechanisms involved in its basal up-regulation of transcription in Hs294T melanoma cells are poorly understood...
March 15, 1999: Cancer Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/9430702/purification-and-characterization-of-an-allergy-induced-melanogenic-stimulating-factor-in-brownish-guinea-pig-skin
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
G Imokawa, K Higuchi, Y Yada
We have demonstrated recently that phenylazonaphthol (PAN) allergy-induced hyperpigmentation in brownish guinea pig skin is associated with the concomitant appearance of a melanogenic soluble factor(s) that activates the intracellular signal transduction system, including phosphatidylinositol turnover subsequent to ligand-receptor binding in cultured guinea pig melanocytes. In this study we have purified and characterized the PAN-induced melanogenic stimulating factor (PIMSF) that occurs in allergy-associated hyperpigmented skin...
January 16, 1998: Journal of Biological Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/9365113/mechanism-and-biological-significance-of-constitutive-expression-of-mgsa-gro-chemokines-in-malignant-melanoma-tumor-progression
#29
REVIEW
J Luan, R Shattuck-Brandt, H Haghnegahdar, J D Owen, R Strieter, M Burdick, C Nirodi, D Beauchamp, K N Johnson, A Richmond
By reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunohistochemistry, MGSA-alpha, -beta, -gamma, and CXCR2 mRNA expression and proteins are detected in 7 out of 10 human melanoma lesions. The biological consequence of constitutive expression of the MGSA/GRO chemokine in immortalized melanocytes was tested in SCID and nude mouse models. Continuous expression of MGSA/GRO-alpha, -beta, or -gamma in immortalized melan-a mouse melanocytes results in nearly 100% tumor formation for each of the clones tested, whereas clones expressing only the neomycin resistance vector form tumors <10% of the time...
November 1997: Journal of Leukocyte Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/9334815/enhanced-tumor-forming-capacity-for-immortalized-melanocytes-expressing-melanoma-growth-stimulatory-activity-growth-regulated-cytokine-beta-and-gamma-proteins
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J D Owen, R Strieter, M Burdick, H Haghnegahdar, L Nanney, R Shattuck-Brandt, A Richmond
Three human MGSA/GRO genes encode 3 highly related chemokines, MGSA/GRO alpha, -beta and -gamma. All 3 MGSA/GRO proteins bind to the same receptors, but with differing affinities, and stimulate a number of biological responses including chemotaxis, angiogenesis, and growth regulation. We have previously demonstrated that MGSA/GRO alpha can be isolated from culture medium conditioned by malignant melanoma cells and that continuous secretion of MGSA/GRO alpha contributes to the transformation of immortalized murine melanocytes...
September 26, 1997: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International du Cancer
https://read.qxmd.com/read/8557989/expression-and-growth-promoting-function-of-the-il-8-receptor-beta-in-human-melanoma-cells
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J Norgauer, B Metzner, I Schraufstätter
The chemokine GRO alpha is an autocrine growth factor for melanoma cells. Although GRO alpha has been identified as a high affinity ligand for the IL-8 receptor beta (IL-8R beta) in recombinant systems, the receptor mediating its action in melanoma cells has been a matter of debate. Here, we show by reverse transcription and PCR expression of IL-8R beta, mRNA transcripts in different melanoma cell lines and in normal human melanocytes. To characterize the role of the IL-8R beta in melanoma cells, antiserum was raised in rabbits against a fusion protein containing the NH2-terminal portion of the receptor...
February 1, 1996: Journal of Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/8366215/localization-of-mgsa-gro-protein-in-cutaneous-lesions
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
W Tettelbach, L Nanney, D Ellis, L King, A Richmond
Melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA/GRO), a cytokine originally characterized as an autocrine growth factor for melanoma cells, is highly chemotactic for neutrophils and releases neutrophil elastase as well as other matrix-degrading enzymes. Previous work has demonstrated the presence of MGSA/GRO in melanocytic lesions and in the epidermal keratinocytes of non-lesional skin and psoriatic scale. Herein, MGSA/GRO localization was examined in a variety of human skin lesions exhibiting proliferative and/or differentiative disorders using immunohistochemical methods...
June 1993: Journal of Cutaneous Pathology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/7519892/autocrine-and-paracrine-roles-for-growth-factors-in-melanoma
#33
REVIEW
I M Shih, M Herlyn
Distinct biologic and histopathological features characterizing each stage of tumor progression toward a more aggressive phenotype have been defined in the human melanocytic cell system. One of the most significant aspects accompanying melanoma progression is the acquisition of growth autonomy and the expression of multiple growth factors and receptors by tumor cells but not by normal melanocytes. Among the growth factors produced by melanoma cells, bFGF, TGF-alpha, TGF-beta, PDGF A and B chains, MGSA, and interleukins have been extensively characterized...
January 1994: In Vivo
https://read.qxmd.com/read/7479086/hmgi-y-and-sp1-in-addition-to-nf-kappa-b-regulate-transcription-of-the-mgsa-gro-alpha-gene
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
L D Wood, A A Farmer, A Richmond
Expression of the chemokine MGSA/GRO is upregulated as melanocytes progress to melanoma cells. We demonstrate that constitutive and cytokine induced MGSA/GRO alpha expression requires multiple DNA regulatory regions between positions -143 to -62. We have previously shown that the NF-kappa B element at -83 to -65 is essential for basal and cytokine induced MGSA/GRO alpha promoter activity in the Hs294T melanoma and normal retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, respectively. Here, we have determined that the Sp1 binding element located approximately 42 base pairs upstream from the NF-kappa B element binds Sp1 and Sp3 constitutively and this element is necessary for basal MGSA/GRO alpha promoter activity...
October 25, 1995: Nucleic Acids Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/2095366/characterization-of-the-role-of-melanoma-growth-stimulatory-activity-mgsa-in-the-growth-of-normal-melanocytes-nevocytes-and-malignant-melanocytes
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
R Bordoni, R Fine, D Murray, A Richmond
Melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA) was originally described as an endogenous growth factor for human melanoma cells. To test the hypothesis that an MGSA autocrine loop is responsible for the partial freedom from growth control observed in nevocytes and melanoma cells, MGSA growth response and MGSA mRNA/protein levels were examined in these cells compared with normal melanocytes. As a single agent, or in combination with other factors, MGSA stimulated the growth of normal human epidermal melanocytes as well as other growth promoters for melanocytes...
December 1990: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/1861861/effects-of-mgsa-gro-alpha-on-melanocyte-transformation
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
E Balentien, B E Mufson, R L Shattuck, R Derynck, A Richmond
In the work described here we demonstrate that the clonal cell line Mel-a-6, produced by transfection of mouse Melan-a cells with human MGSA, had an increased ability to form large colonies in soft agar and increased ability to form tumors when injected into nude mice as compared to cells transfected with the neomycin resistance gene alone. This effect appeared to be dependent on the levels of MGSA produced since another transfected clone, Mel-a-l, produced only a low level of MGSA transgene mRNA, formed only minimal large colonies in soft agar and had a tumorigenic rate equal to that of neomycin resistant controls...
July 1991: Oncogene
https://read.qxmd.com/read/1720553/deletion-of-the-c-kit-protooncogene-in-the-human-developmental-defect-piebald-trait
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
R A Fleischman, D L Saltman, V Stastny, S Zneimer
The protooncogene c-kit is critical for development of hematopoietic stem cells, germ cells, and melanoblasts in the mouse. Homozygous mutations of this gene in the mouse cause anemia, infertility, and albinism, whereas heterozygous mutant mice usually exhibit only a white forehead blaze and depigmentation of the ventral body, tail, and feet. The heterozygous mouse phenotype is very similar to human piebald trait, which is characterized by a congenital white hair forelock and ventral and extremity depigmentation...
December 1, 1991: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/1379593/characterization-of-two-high-affinity-human-interleukin-8-receptors
#38
COMPARATIVE STUDY
J Lee, R Horuk, G C Rice, G L Bennett, T Camerato, W I Wood
Interleukin 8 (IL-8) and melanocyte growth-stimulatory activity/gro (MGSA) are structurally related proinflammatory cytokines that are chemoattractants and activators of neutrophils. Recently, cDNA clones encoding a high affinity IL-8 receptor (IL-8R-A) and a "low affinity" IL-8 receptor (IL-8R-B) have been isolated from human cDNA libraries. These two receptors have 77% amino acid identity and are members of the G protein-coupled superfamily of receptors with seven transmembrane domains. We have expressed these two receptors in mammalian cells and find that in this system both receptors bind IL-8 with high affinity (Kd approximately 2 nM)...
August 15, 1992: Journal of Biological Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/1341267/characterization-of-gro-alpha-beta-and-gamma-expression-in-human-colonic-tumours-potential-significance-of-cytokine-involvement
#39
COMPARATIVE STUDY
R E Cuenca, R G Azizkhan, S Haskill
The GRO genes, isolated from transformed fibroblasts, belong to a superfamily of genes such as platelet factor 4 and neutrophil activating peptide/IL-8. Three related GRO genes are described which are closely linked on chromosome 4: GRO alpha, GRO beta, and GRO gamma: GRO beta and GRO gamma share 90 and 86% sequence homology with GRO alpha. The GRO alpha gene product shares homology with, and is melanocyte growth stimulatory activity (MGSA). The MGSA/GRO alpha has potent chemotactic, growth regulatory and transformative functions...
August 1992: Surgical Oncology
1
Fetch more papers »
Fetching more papers... Fetching...
Remove bar
Read by QxMD icon Read
×

Save your favorite articles in one place with a free QxMD account.

×

Search Tips

Use Boolean operators: AND/OR

diabetic AND foot
diabetes OR diabetic

Exclude a word using the 'minus' sign

Virchow -triad

Use Parentheses

water AND (cup OR glass)

Add an asterisk (*) at end of a word to include word stems

Neuro* will search for Neurology, Neuroscientist, Neurological, and so on

Use quotes to search for an exact phrase

"primary prevention of cancer"
(heart or cardiac or cardio*) AND arrest -"American Heart Association"

We want to hear from doctors like you!

Take a second to answer a survey question.