keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38279280/developmental-associations-between-neurovascularization-and-microglia-colonization
#1
REVIEW
G Jean Harry
The temporal and spatial pattern of microglia colonization and vascular infiltration of the nervous system implies critical associated roles in early stages of nervous system development. Adding to existing reviews that cover a broad spectrum of the various roles of microglia during brain development, the current review will focus on the developmental ontogeny and interdependency between the colonization of the nervous system with yolk sac derived macrophages and vascularization. Gaining a better understanding of the timing and the interdependency of these two processes will significantly contribute to the interpretation of data generated regarding alterations in either process during early development...
January 20, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37530924/changes-in-digestive-enzyme-activities-during-the-early-ontogeny-of-milkfish-chanos-chanos-larvae
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thirugnanamurthy Sivaramakrishnan, Kondusamy Ambasankar, Nathan Felix, Aritra Bera, Biju Sam Kamalam, K P Kumaraguru Vasagam, Muniyandi Kailasam
Knowledge of the developmental ontogeny of the digestive system and nutritional requirements of marine fish larvae is a primary requisite for their successful rearing under an optimal feeding regime. In this context, we assessed the activity profile of key digestive enzymes viz., trypsin, chymotrypsin, leucine aminopeptidase, lipase, amylase, and alkaline phosphatase during the early ontogeny of milkfish, Chanos chanos (0 day, 3 days, 6 days, 9 days, 12 days, 15 days, 18 days, 21 days, 25 days, and 30 days post-hatch)...
August 2, 2023: Fish Physiology and Biochemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36347737/development-of-the-human-ovary-fetal-through-pubertal-ovarian-morphology-folliculogenesis-and-expression-of-cellular-differentiation-markers
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maya R Overland, Yi Li, Amber Derpinghaus, Sena Aksel, Mei Cao, Nicholas Ladwig, Gerald R Cunha, Marta Himelreich-Perić, Laurence S Baskin
A definition of normal human fetal and early postnatal ovarian development is critical to the ability to accurately diagnose the presence or absence of functional ovarian tissue in clinical specimens. Through assembling an extensive histologic and immunohistochemical developmental ontogeny of human ovarian specimens from 8 weeks of gestation through 16 years of postnatal, we present a comprehensive immunohistochemical mapping of normal protein expression patterns in the early fetal through post-pubertal human ovary and detail a specific expression-based definition of the early stages of follicular development...
October 19, 2022: Differentiation; Research in Biological Diversity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36182587/macrophages-in-intestinal-fibrosis-and-regression
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hui Yao, Guoyao Tang
Intestinal macrophages are heterogenous cell populations with different developmental ontogeny and tissue anatomy. The concerted actions of intestinal macrophage subsets are critical to maintaining tissue homeostasis. However, the dysregulation of macrophages following tissue injury or chronic inflammation could also lead to intestinal fibrosis, with few treatment options in the clinic. In this review, we will characterize the features of intestinal macrophages in light of the latest advances in lineage tracing and single-cell sequencing technology...
September 24, 2022: Cellular Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35962592/age-restricted-functional-and-developmental-differences-of-neonatal-platelets
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhaoyan Liu, Cecilia Avila, Lisa E Malone, Dmitri V Gnatenko, Jawaad Sheriff, Wei Zhu, Wadie F Bahou
BACKGROUND: Developmental ontogeny of neonatal thrombopoiesis retains characteristics that are distinct from adult although molecular mechanisms remain unestablished METHODS: We applied multiparameter quantitative platelet responses with integrated ribosome profiling/transcriptomic studies to better define gene/pathway perturbations regulating the neonatal-to-adult transition. A bioinformatics pipeline was developed to identify stable, neonatal-restricted platelet biomarkers for clinical application RESULTS: Cord blood (CB) platelets retained the capacity for linear agonist-receptor coupling linked to phosphatidylserine exposure (PS) and α-granule release, although a restricted block in cross-agonist activation pathways was evident...
August 12, 2022: Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis: JTH
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35899042/breathe-in-breathe-out-metabolic-regulation-of-lung-macrophages-in-host-defense-against-bacterial-infection
#6
REVIEW
J Tucker Andrews, Daniel E Voth, Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang, Lu Huang
Lung macrophages are substantially distinct from other tissue-resident macrophages. They act as frontier sentinels of the alveolar-blood interface and are constantly exposed to various pathogens. Additionally, they precisely regulate immune responses under homeostatic and pathological conditions to curtail tissue damage while containing respiratory infections. As a highly heterogeneous population, the phenotypes and functions of lung macrophages with differing developmental ontogenies are linked to both intrinsic and extrinsic metabolic processes...
2022: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34417264/the-anna-karenina-model-of-%C3%AE-cell-maturation-in-development-and-their-dedifferentiation-in-type-1-and-type-2-diabetes
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sutichot D Nimkulrat, Matthew N Bernstein, Zijian Ni, Jared Brown, Christina Kendziorski, Barak Blum
Loss of mature β-cell function and identity, or β-cell dedifferentiation, is seen in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Two competing models explain β-cell dedifferentiation in diabetes. In the first model, β-cells dedifferentiate in the reverse order of their developmental ontogeny. This model predicts that dedifferentiated β-cells resemble β-cell progenitors. In the second model, β-cell dedifferentiation depends on the type of diabetogenic stress. This model, which we call the "Anna Karenina" model, predicts that in each type of diabetes, β-cells dedifferentiate in their own way, depending on how their mature identity is disrupted by any particular diabetogenic stress...
September 2021: Diabetes
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33979626/resident-memory-t-cells-in-tumor-distant-tissues-fortify-against-metastasis-formation
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laura S Christian, Liuyang Wang, Bryan Lim, Dachuan Deng, Haiyang Wu, Xiao-Fan Wang, Qi-Jing Li
As a critical machinery for rapid pathogen removal, resident memory T cells (TRM s) are locally generated after the initial encounter. However, their development accompanying tumorigenesis remains elusive. Using a murine breast cancer model, we show that TRM s develop in the tumor, the contralateral mammary mucosa, and the pre-metastatic lung. Single-cell RNA sequencing of TRM s reveals two phenotypically distinct populations representing their active versus quiescent phases. These TRM s in different tissue compartments share the same TCR clonotypes and transcriptomes with a subset of intratumoral effector/effector memory T cells (TEff/EM s), indicating their developmental ontogeny...
May 11, 2021: Cell Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33381667/regulating-muscle-spindle-and-golgi-tendon-organ-proprioceptor-phenotypes
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Niccolò Zampieri, Joriene C de Nooij
Proprioception is an essential part of motor control. The main sensory subclasses that underlie this feedback control system - muscle spindle and Golgi tendon organ afferents - have been extensively characterized at a morphological and physiological level. More recent studies are beginning to reveal the molecular foundation for distinct proprioceptor subtypes, offering new insights into their developmental ontogeny and phenotypic diversity. This review intends to highlight some of these new findings.
February 2021: Current Opinion in Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31988140/development-of-the-cardiac-conduction-system
#10
REVIEW
Samadrita Bhattacharyya, Nikhil V Munshi
The cardiac conduction system initiates and propagates each heartbeat. Specialized conducting cells are a well-conserved phenomenon across vertebrate evolution, although mammalian and avian species harbor specific components unique to organisms with four-chamber hearts. Early histological studies in mammals provided evidence for a dominant pacemaker within the right atrium and clarified the existence of the specialized muscular axis responsible for atrioventricular conduction. Building on these seminal observations, contemporary genetic techniques in a multitude of model organisms has characterized the developmental ontogeny, gene regulatory networks, and functional importance of individual anatomical compartments within the cardiac conduction system...
December 1, 2020: Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30915631/running-out-of-developmental-program-and-selfish-anti-aging-a-new-hypothesis-explaining-the-aging-process-in-primates
#11
REVIEW
Andrej Podlutsky
Of the three complementary theories of aging, two (mutation accumulation and antagonistic pleiotropy) were formulated over fifty years ago before the introduction of molecular biology, and the third (disposable soma) is over thirty years old. Despite rigorous research in the past fifty years, none have gained substantial experimental support. Here, I review these theories and introduce a new hypothesis called the selfish anti-aging (SAA). Aging happens because natural selection is indifferent to the organism's life beyond reproduction; however, many mammalian species acquired anti-aging genes, which are providing instructions following completion of developmental, ontogeny, program...
April 2019: GeroScience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30020470/epithelial-mesenchymal-transition-in-hematopoietic-stem-cell-development-and-homeostasis
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sofiane Hamidi, Guojun Sheng
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a morphogenetic process of cells that adopt an epithelial organization in their developmental ontogeny or homeostatic maintenance. Abnormalities in EMT regulation result in many malignant tumors in the human body. Tumors associated with the hematopoietic system, however, are traditionally not considered to involve EMT and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are generally not associated with epithelial characteristics. In this review, we discuss the ontogeny and homeostasis of adult HSCs in the context of EMT intermediate states...
July 17, 2018: Journal of Biochemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29258251/what-kills-the-hindgut-flagellates-of-lower-termites-during-the-host-molting-cycle
#13
REVIEW
Christine A Nalepa
Subsocial wood feeding cockroaches in the genus Cryptocercus , the sister group of termites, retain their symbiotic gut flagellates during the host molting cycle, but in lower termites, closely related flagellates die prior to host ecdysis. Although the prevalent view is that termite flagellates die because of conditions of starvation and desiccation in the gut during the host molting cycle, the work of L.R. Cleveland in the 1930s through the 1960s provides a strong alternate hypothesis: it was the changed hormonal environment associated with the origin of eusociality and its concomitant shift in termite developmental ontogeny that instigates the death of the flagellates in termites...
December 18, 2017: Microorganisms
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29053743/in-vitro-modeling-of-experimental-succinic-semialdehyde-dehydrogenase-deficiency-ssadhd-using-brain-derived-neural-stem-cells
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kara R Vogel, Garrett R Ainslie, Erwin E Jansen, Gajja S Salomons, Jean-Baptiste Roullet, K Michael Gibson
We explored the utility of neural stem cells (NSCs) as an in vitro model for evaluating preclinical therapeutics in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase-deficient (SSADHD) mice. NSCs were obtained from aldh5a1+/+ and aldh5a1-/- mice (aldh5a1 = aldehyde dehydrogenase 5a1 = SSADH). Multiple parameters were evaluated including: (1) production of GHB (γ-hydroxybutyrate), the biochemical hallmark of SSADHD; (2) rescue from cell death with the dual mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) inhibitor, XL-765, an agent previously shown to rescue aldh5a1-/- mice from premature lethality; (3) mitochondrial number, total reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial superoxide production, all previously documented as abnormal in aldh5a1-/- mice; (4) total ATP levels and ATP consumption; and (5) selected gene expression profiles associated with epilepsy, a prominent feature in both experimental and human SSADHD...
2017: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28884113/-in-vitro-culture-of-na%C3%A3-ve-human-bone-marrow-mesenchymal-stem-cells-a-stemness-based-approach
#15
REVIEW
Bidisha Pal, Bikul Das
Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) resides in their niches in close proximity to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). These naïve MSCs have tremendous potential in regenerative therapeutics, and may also be exploited by cancer and infectious disease agents. Hence, it is important to study the physiological and pathological roles of naïve MSC. However, our knowledge of naïve MSCs is limited by lack of appropriate isolation and in vitro culture methods. Established culture methods use serum rich media, and serial passaging for retrospective isolation of MSCs...
2017: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28487552/newborn-insula-gray-matter-volume-is-prospectively-associated-with-early-life-adiposity-gain
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J M Rasmussen, S Entringer, F Kruggel, D M Cooper, M Styner, J H Gilmore, S G Potkin, P D Wadhwa, C Buss
BACKGROUND: The importance of energy homeostasis brain circuitry in the context of obesity is well established, however, the developmental ontogeny of this circuitry in humans is currently unknown. Here, we investigate the prospective association between newborn gray matter (GM) volume in the insula, a key brain region underlying energy homeostasis, and change in percent body fat accrual over the first six months of postnatal life, an outcome that represents among the most reliable infant predictors of childhood obesity risk...
September 2017: International Journal of Obesity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28244225/the-genetic-architecture-of-shoot-root-covariation-during-seedling-emergence-of-a-desert-tree-populus-euphratica
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Miaomiao Zhang, Wenhao Bo, Fang Xu, Huan Li, Meixia Ye, Libo Jiang, Chaozhong Shi, Yaru Fu, Guomiao Zhao, Yuejiao Huang, Kirk Gosik, Dan Liang, Rongling Wu
The coordination of shoots and roots is critical for plants to adapt to changing environments by fine-tuning energy production in leaves and the availability of water and nutrients from roots. To understand the genetic architecture of how these two organs covary during developmental ontogeny, we conducted a mapping experiment using Euphrates poplar (Populus euphratica), a so-called hero tree able to grow in the desert. We geminated intraspecific F1 seeds of Euphrates Poplar individually in a tube to obtain a total of 370 seedlings, whose shoot and taproot lengths were measured repeatedly during the early stage of growth...
June 2017: Plant Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27148368/genome-editing-of-the-cyp1a1-locus-in-ipscs-as-a-platform-to-map-ahr-expression-throughout-human-development
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brenden W Smith, Elizabeth A Stanford, David H Sherr, George J Murphy
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand activated transcription factor that increases the expression of detoxifying enzymes upon ligand stimulation. Recent studies now suggest that novel endogenous roles of the AHR exist throughout development. In an effort to create an optimized model system for the study of AHR signaling in several cellular lineages, we have employed a CRISPR/CAS9 genome editing strategy in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to incorporate a reporter cassette at the transcription start site of one of its canonical targets, cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1)...
2016: Stem Cells International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26573771/adult-human-mesenchymal-stem-cell-differentiation-at-the-cell-population-and-single-cell-levels-under-alternating-electric-current
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marissa E Wechsler, Brian P Hermann, Rena Bizios
Mesenchymal stem cells, precursors that can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes, have tremendous potential for derivation of cells with specific (e.g., osteogenic) phenotypes for tissue engineering and tissue regeneration applications. To date, the predominant strategy to achieve directed differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts was to recapitulate the normal developmental ontogeny of osteoblasts using growth factors (e.g., bone morphogenetic proteins). In contrast, the effects of biophysical stimuli alone on such outcomes remain, at best, partially understood...
December 28, 2015: Tissue Engineering. Part C, Methods
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26004070/structural-repertoire-of-hiv-1-neutralizing-antibodies-targeting-the-cd4-supersite-in-14-donors
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tongqing Zhou, Rebecca M Lynch, Lei Chen, Priyamvada Acharya, Xueling Wu, Nicole A Doria-Rose, M Gordon Joyce, Daniel Lingwood, Cinque Soto, Robert T Bailer, Michael J Ernandes, Rui Kong, Nancy S Longo, Mark K Louder, Krisha McKee, Sijy O'Dell, Stephen D Schmidt, Lillian Tran, Zhongjia Yang, Aliaksandr Druz, Timothy S Luongo, Stephanie Moquin, Sanjay Srivatsan, Yongping Yang, Baoshan Zhang, Anqi Zheng, Marie Pancera, Tatsiana Kirys, Ivelin S Georgiev, Tatyana Gindin, Hung-Pin Peng, An-Suei Yang, James C Mullikin, Matthew D Gray, Leonidas Stamatatos, Dennis R Burton, Wayne C Koff, Myron S Cohen, Barton F Haynes, Joseph P Casazza, Mark Connors, Davide Corti, Antonio Lanzavecchia, Quentin J Sattentau, Robin A Weiss, Anthony P West, Pamela J Bjorkman, Johannes F Scheid, Michel C Nussenzweig, Lawrence Shapiro, John R Mascola, Peter D Kwong
The site on the HIV-1 gp120 glycoprotein that binds the CD4 receptor is recognized by broadly reactive antibodies, several of which neutralize over 90% of HIV-1 strains. To understand how antibodies achieve such neutralization, we isolated CD4-binding-site (CD4bs) antibodies and analyzed 16 co-crystal structures -8 determined here- of CD4bs antibodies from 14 donors. The 16 antibodies segregated by recognition mode and developmental ontogeny into two types: CDR H3-dominated and VH-gene-restricted. Both could achieve greater than 80% neutralization breadth, and both could develop in the same donor...
June 4, 2015: Cell
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