Tryptan

Migraineurs often experience severe headache attacks and their quality of life is inhibited. Most migraineurs treat their headaches with acute treatment, but preventive treatment is often not chosen appropriately. Because migraine attack frequency and medication overuse are risk factors for headache progression (chronification) and medication-overuse headache, it is possible that preventive medication may also reduce risk progression. Therefore, it is necessary to select preventive medication if required.

Management of refractory headache, particularly medication-overuse headache (MOH), is often difficult. In the management of MOH, it is important to determine the underlying primary headaches. Therefore, history taking and medical examinations are crucial for the diagnosis of headache type. Patient education and appropriate preventive therapy are beneficial in ameliorating MOH. As migraine is an underlying primary headache, the use of calcitonin gene-related peptide antibodies should be considered.

Pyrazolopyrimidines are the fused heterocyclic ring systems which structurally resemble purines which prompted biological investigations to assess their potential therapeutic significance. They are known to play a crucial role in numerous disease conditions. The advent of their first bioactivity as adenosine antagonistic property divulged their medicinal potential. Radioactivity test on mice cells, morphometric and serological tests on rat hepatocytes, antitumor testing against L1210 and P388 leukemias in mice threw light on their biophysical aspects of significance...

BACKGROUND: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been used in a variety of surgical and non-surgical endodontic applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gene expression and protein production of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, as well as the gene expression of RANKL and OPG using both commercial and experimental MTA in macrophage cell cultures. METHODS: Peritoneal macrophage cell culture was performed. Viability, gene expression of cytokines, RANKL and OPG, and protein levels in experimental- and commercial-grey MTA co-cultured with peritoneal macrophages was determined by tryptan blue, real time PCR and ELISA...

The aim of this study was to determine the relative prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with pure menstrual migraine (PMM) and menstrually related migraine (MRM), and to compare them with the women free of it in an outpatient clinic-based population. Adult menstruating women with ICHD-2 migraine were included. Demographic data were obtained by verbal report. Study women were asked to keep a headache diary for 6 months, in which they recorded information on headache characteristics, medication use and presence of menses...

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK: To evaluate the patterns of care for patients referred for the first time to a Headache Centre. METHODS: A semistructured questionnaire was administered to all patients consecutively referred for the first visit to the Parma Headache Centre between 15 March and 28 September 2006. RESULTS: The study included 202 patients, 55 men (27.2%) and 147 women (72.8%), mean age 40.6 years (41.8 for men and 40.2 for women)...

OBJECTIVES: To find the attitude of Spanish primary care (PC) doctors to migraine, their ability to solve the problem and the therapy guidelines used. DESIGN: Transversal, descriptive study by means of a questionnaire sent out by mail. SETTING: PC doctors in Spain. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 721 PC doctors from all the health services. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Approach, specialist referral, therapy preferences, and interest in training were measured through the questionnaire...

OBJECTIVES: Unilateral periventricular pseudocysts (PVPC), manifesting as ipsilateral headache have been only rarely reported in adults. CASE REPORT: In a 48-year-old woman, right-sided, pulsating headache occurred in 1999. Headache exclusively extended over the right head and periorbitally; it was frequently associated with a feeling of cold, lasted maximally for 1 day, and occasionally went along with nausea and right-sided lacrimation. Since January 2003, headache occurred daily with varying intensity...

INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) results from detachment of the posterior hyaloid. Vitrectomy and peeling are the treatment of choice. Trypan blue 0.15% (TB) stains the epiretinal membrane and the internal limiting membrane (ILM), facilitating surgery and thus allowing selective and complete removal with less retinal damage. We conducted a study evaluating the advantages of selective staining associated with surgery, the incidence of postoperative damage, and the influence on final visual acuity...

Sperm catabolic processes produce energy for capacitation and acrosome reaction induction required for oocyte fertilization. The aim was to determine metabolic enzymes' activities and their participation in the supply of energy and generation of the redox state to acquire fertilizing capacity. Capacitation was induced with heparin and quercetin, and the acrosome reaction with progesterone. Enzymatic activities were determined spectrophotometrically. The chlortetracycline and differential-interferential contrast microscopy/tryptan blue techniques were used to evaluate capacitation and acrosome reaction, acrosomal integrity and sperm viability respectively...

One of the most common forms of primary headache is tension headache with a dull pressure-like pain on both sides of the head. In addition to treatment with acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol or ibuprofen, the application of cold and relaxation techniques have proven to be of use. Chronic forms are treated with tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline. Unilateral cluster headache responds to inhalation of oxygen and subcutaneous and intranasal treatment with tryptan. By way of prophylaxis, prednisone, verapamil, lithium carbonate and topiramate are applied...

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Medical treatment of migraine has the twofold task of cutting short an acute attack and preventing further episodes. Mild attacks are treated with analgesics and antiemetics. Fixed combination preparations are associated with the risk of analgesic-induced headaches and nephropathy and should not be employed. Severe attacks are treated with triptanes, depending on a number of features of the attack. A "migraine status" requires a special approach. When migraine occurs on more than seven days a month, prophylactic measures are indicated with the aim of preventing drug-induced headache...

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Headache is one of the most common symptoms observed in clinical practice. It has a considerable economic impact and overburdens emergency rooms. In Brazil, most emergency rooms have no tryptans. The present study analyses the treatment provided by the Emergency Room of the University Hospital of Ribeirão Preto. In 1996, 1254 patients were treated for headache and 64 of them required hospitalization. Of the non-hospitalized (NH) patients, 77% had primary headache, as opposed to 29.7% of hospitalized patients...

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Experiments were carried out in 195 albino rats. It was established that in acute peritonitis the rate of absorption of the colloid dye (tryptan blue) was sharply decreased. Kallikrein somewhat increased the absorption rate, especially at early terms while the inhibitor (kontrikal) was shown to substantially decrease it. The mode of injection (intravenous or intraperitoneal) failed to influence manifestations of the biological effect of the drug. The data obtained show that a disturbed absorption from the abdominal cavity may be corrected in acute peritonitis by injections of kallikrein...