microbio

Antimicrobial resistance is a significant threat to public health, with Italy experiencing substantial challenges in terms of AMR rate, surveillance system and activities to combat AMR. In response, the MICRO-BIO project was initiated as part of the National Plan to Combat Antibiotic Resistance by Region Lombardy health department. It was launched in 2018 with the aim of creating a surveillance tool by integrating data on bacterial isolates from microbiology laboratories. The participating laboratories were directly involved in reviewing and addressing discrepancies in the transmission data quality assessment...

(1) Background: The primary aim of the presented study was to assess the prevalence of fungi in the indoor air of selected hospital wards, and the additional goal was to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus to triazoles. (2) Methods: Three hematology departments and a hospital for lung diseases were surveyed in 2015 and/or 2019. Air samples were taken with a MicroBio MB1 air sampler on Sabouraud agar. The susceptibility of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates to voriconazole, posaconazole and itraconazole was tested with a microdilution method, according to EUCAST...

OBJECTIVE: A summary of new knowledge on embryo implantation in dependence on quality of the endometrium. METHODS: Literature review from August 2022 of the relevant publications in Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed/Medline databases, focused on “endometrial receptivity”, “polycystic ovary syndrome”, “endometriosis”, “SARS-CoV-2”. RESULTS: The receptive state of the endometrium is a result of physiological remodeling and immune system activity modulated by the microbio-me...

BACKGROUND: The intestinal microbio-me is essential for the function of the human body, it affects not only metabolism and digestion, but also the immune and neurobehavioral systems. The composition of the human intestinal microbio-me has been of interest to many scientific teams around the world in recent years, aided by the rapid development of molecular genetics methods. Intestinal microbio-me imbalance (so-called dysbio-sis) can help develop several pathological conditions such as autoimmune diseases or can be involved in the process of carcinogenesis...

Major hallmarks of functional loss, loss of metabolic and musculoskeletal health and (multi)morbidity with ageing are associated with sleep disturbances. With poor sleep shifts in gut microbial composition commonly manifest, which could mediate the proinflammatory state between sleep disturbances and sarcopenia. This systematic review presents the recent evidence on how sleep disturbances throughout the lifespan associate with and contribute to gut microbial composition changes, proposing a mechanism to understand the aetiology of sarcopenia through sleep disturbances...

The oral microbiota plays a vital role in the human microbiome and oral health. Imbalances between microbes and their hosts can lead to oral and systemic disorders such as diabetes or cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this review is to investigate the literature evidence of oral microbiota dysbiosis on oral health and discuss current knowledge and emerging mechanisms governing oral polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis; both have enhanced our understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and aided the design of innovative therapeutic approaches as ORALBIOTICA for oral diseases such as demineralization...

INTRODUCTION: 'Aseptic handling is the procedure to enable sterile products to be made ready to administer using closed systems' (EU Resolution CM/Res(2016)2). Microbiological controls are an important part of the overall assurance of process and product quality of aseptic handling. They consist of the End-of-Session Broth Test (ESBT) using Tryptone Soya Broth, Microbiological Monitoring (MM) using Ø 55- and 90-mm agar plates and a periodical Operator Broth Transfer Validation Test (OBTVT) using Tryptone Soya Broth...

Periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease (AD) exist globally within the adult population. Given that the risk of AD incidence doubles within 10 years from the time of periodontal disease diagnosis, there is a window of opportunity for slowing down or preventing AD by risk-reduction-based intervention. Literature appraisal on the shared risk factors of these diseases suggests a shift to a healthy lifestyle would be beneficial. Generalised (chronic) periodontitis with an established dysbiotic polymicrobial aetiology affects the tooth supporting tissues with eventual tooth loss...

One of the great geniuses of biology was the Swedish physician Carlos Linnaeus (1707-1778). He was called princeps botanicorum for his great contribution to the classification of plants. However, his undying fame is due to his work Systema Naturae in which he creates a binomial taxonomic system to classify all living and non-living beings into three kingdoms: the mineral kingdom, the plant kingdom and the animal kingdom. In his taxonomic scheme, the animalicles or microorganisms discovered by the Dutch scholar Antoine van Leeuwenhoek in 1676, were tentatively classified in the animal kingdom, within the class Vermes or Worms...

Gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem of symbiotic bacteria that contribute to human metabolism and supply intestinal metabolites, whose production is mainly influenced by the diet. Dietary patterns characterized by a high intake of protein promotes the growth of proteolytic bacteria's, which produce metabolites from undigested protein fermentation. Microbioal protein metabolites can regulate immune, metabolic and neuronal responses in different target organs. Metabolic pathways of these compounds and their mechanisms of action on different pathologies can lead to the discovery of new diagnostic techniques, drugs and the potential use as functional ingredients in food...

BACKGROUND: Plausible phenotype mechanisms following bariatric surgery include changes in neural and gastrointestinal physiology. This pilot study aims to investigate individual and combined neurologic, gut microbiome, and plasma hormone changes pre- versus post-vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and medical weight loss (MWL). We hypothesized post-weight loss phenotype would be associated with changes in central reward system brain connectivity, differences in postprandial gut hormone responses, and increased gut microbiome diversity...

Resveratrol is a polyphenol that has been shown to possess many applications in different fields of medicine. This systematic review has drawn attention to the axis between resveratrol and human microbiota, which plays a key role in maintaining an adequate immune response that can lead to different diseases when compromised. Resveratrol can also be an asset in new technologies, such as gene therapy. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched to find papers that matched our topic dating from 1 January 2017 up to 18 January 2022, with English-language restriction using the following Boolean keywords: ("resveratrol" AND "microbio*")...

Copper is an essential mineral for pigs, thus it is used as a feed additive in the forms of copper sulfate. Therefore, this study aimed at characterizing the fecal microbiota shifts in pigs as fed by different forms of copper supplementation. 40 growing pigs aged 73 ± 1 days with an average weight of 30.22 ± 1.92kg were randomly divided into 5 groups. The control group (CON) fed with basal diet, while treatment groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 100 ppm/kg of copper sulfate (CuSO4 ), Cu-glycine complex (CuGly), Cu-amino acid complex (CuAA), and Cu-hydroxy(4methylthio)butanoate chelate complex (CuHMB) for 28 days of trial, respectively...

This experiment was to study the impact of rumen fistula surgery on the rumen microbios in sheep. Six male adult Hu sheep (48.8 ± 0.23 kg, 0.5 years) were fed at 0700 and 1,800 with ad libitum access to water. The rumen fistula was installed in the same batch from 0600 to 0900. Monitoring the dry mater intake and the output of dry mater faces 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 days after fistulated surgery. The collection of rumen fluid was arranged at 1d during rumen surgery (DRS1), 3d after rumen surgery (ARS3), and 14d after rumen surgery (ARS14) for volatile fatty acid (VFA) and DNA extraction for sequencing and bioinformatics analysis...

Background: An estimated 75% of women will have one episode of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VCC) during their lifetime, and 40-50% of these will experience further episodes. The high incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis, combined with the problems of azole resistance and toxicity, highlights the necessity for new strategies for the treatment of this condition. In this context, natural compounds represent promising alternatives. Methods: We enrolled, between January 2020 and April 2021, forty women affected by uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence and risk factors of urinary tract infection (UTI) in neonates with unexplained hyperbilirubinemia are not studied thoroughly. Since the prevalence of UTI is highly variable in different areas and countries, this study aimed to review the existing data of Iranian neonates with UTI presented with unexplained hyperbilirubinemia. METHODS: This study is a meta-analysis of Iranian newborns with unexplained hyperbilirubinemia. We identified all studies indexed in international (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar) and national (Science Information Database, Magiran) databases from 2000-2018...

Limiting infection transmission is central to the safety of all in dentistry, particularly during the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) are crucial to the practice of dentistry; it is imperative to understand the inherent risks of viral dispersion associated with AGPs and the efficacy of available mitigation strategies. In a dental surgery setting, crown preparation and root canal access procedures were performed with an air turbine or high-speed contra-angle handpiece (HSCAH), with mitigation via rubber dam or high-volume aspiration and a no-mitigation control...

BACKGROUND: Smoking is considered a risk factor for bacterial vaginosis. It is currently unknown which parameters of the vaginal environment are affected and how smoking triggers the disease. AIM OF THE STUDY: The primary objective is to estimate the effect size of smoking on vaginal pH and the Nugent score in patients with chronic vulvovaginal discomfort prior to the development of episode of vaginosis. The secondary goal is to investigate the effect of smoking on individual microscopic parameters of the vaginal environment and on subjectively reported symptoms of vaginal discomfort...

This essay intends to carry out an ethical and philosophical reflection on the effects of the emergency contingencies of the COVID-19 pandemic. With a focus on Brazil, it seeks to understand, critique, and attribute meaning to references to the pandemic, in particularly dramatic moments brought about by the synergy produced between the serious disease affecting the country and the world and a government that stands out for its remarkable unwillingness and inability to deal with this calamity. This text was written during the Brazilian "quarantine," which lasted from mid-March to late April, 2020...

Molecular mechanism of interaction between the bloom-forming cyanobacterial species and attached microbios within cyanobacterial aggregates has not been elucidated yet and understanding of which would help to unravel the cyanobacteria bloom-forming mechanism. In this study, we profiled the metabolically active community by high-throughput metatranscriptome sequencing from cyanobacterial aggregates during cyanobacterial bloom period in Lake Taihu, China. A total of 308 million sequences were obtained using the HiSeq 2500 sequencing platform, which provided a great sequence coverage to carry out the in-depth taxonomic classification, functional classification, and metabolic pathway analysis of the cyanobacterial aggregates...