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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Y D Wang, Q B Qin, R Yang, W Z Sun, Q W Liu, Y Y Huo, X Huang, M Tao, C Zhang, T Li, S J Liu
BACKGROUND: Allotetraploid F1 hybrids (4nF1) (AABB, 4n = 148) were generated from the distant hybridization of Carassius auratus red var. (RCC) (AA, 2n = 100) (♀) × Megalobrama amblycephala (BSB) (BB, 2n = 48) (♂). It has been reported that Hox gene clusters are highly conserved among plants and vertebrates. In this study, we investigated the genomic organization of Hox gene clusters in the allotetraploid F1 hybrids and their parents to investigate the polyploidization process. RESULTS: There were three copies of Hox genes in the 4nF1 hybrids, two copies in RCC and one copy in BSB...
October 11, 2017: BMC Genetics
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhaojun Cao, Yue Yin, Xuan Sun, Jun Han, Qing Peng Sun, Min Lu, Jinbao Pan, Weixiang Wang
Ash1 is a known H3K36-specific histone demethylase that is required for normal Hox gene expression and fertility in Drosophila and mammals. However, little is known about the expression and function of the fungal ortholog of Ash1 in phytopathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Here we report that MoKMT2H, an Ash1-like protein, is required for conidium germination and virulence in rice. We obtained MoKMT2H null mutant (ΔMoKMT2H) using a target gene replacement strategy. In the ΔMoKMT2H null mutants, global histone methyltransferase modifications (H3K4me3, H3K9me3, H3K27me3, and H3K36me2/3) of the genome were unaffected...
2016: BioMed Research International
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Morris Agaba, Edson Ishengoma, Webb C Miller, Barbara C McGrath, Chelsea N Hudson, Oscar C Bedoya Reina, Aakrosh Ratan, Rico Burhans, Rayan Chikhi, Paul Medvedev, Craig A Praul, Lan Wu-Cavener, Brendan Wood, Heather Robertson, Linda Penfold, Douglas R Cavener
The origins of giraffe's imposing stature and associated cardiovascular adaptations are unknown. Okapi, which lacks these unique features, is giraffe's closest relative and provides a useful comparison, to identify genetic variation underlying giraffe's long neck and cardiovascular system. The genomes of giraffe and okapi were sequenced, and through comparative analyses genes and pathways were identified that exhibit unique genetic changes and likely contribute to giraffe's unique features. Some of these genes are in the HOX, NOTCH and FGF signalling pathways, which regulate both skeletal and cardiovascular development, suggesting that giraffe's stature and cardiovascular adaptations evolved in parallel through changes in a small number of genes...
May 17, 2016: Nature Communications
#24
REVIEW
Leslie Pick
The discovery of the broad conservation of embryonic regulatory genes across animal phyla, launched by the cloning of homeotic genes in the 1980s, was a founding event in the field of evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo). While it had long been known that fundamental cellular processes, commonly referred to as housekeeping functions, are shared by animals and plants across the planet-processes such as the storage of information in genomic DNA, transcription, translation and the machinery for these processes, universal codon usage, and metabolic enzymes-Hox genes were different: mutations in these genes caused "bizarre" homeotic transformations of insect body parts that were certainly interesting but were expected to be idiosyncratic...
June 2016: Chromosoma
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joachim T Haug, Conrad C Labandeira, Jorge A Santiago-Blay, Carolin Haug, Susan Brown
BACKGROUND: Holometabolous insects are the most diverse, speciose and ubiquitous group of multicellular organisms in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. The enormous evolutionary and ecological success of Holometabola has been attributed to their unique postembryonic life phases in which nonreproductive and wingless larvae differ significantly in morphology and life habits from their reproductive and mostly winged adults, separated by a resting stage, the pupa. Little is known of the evolutionary developmental mechanisms that produced the holometabolous larval condition and their Paleozoic origin based on fossils and phylogeny...
2015: BMC Evolutionary Biology
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Linya You, Jinfeng Zou, Hong Zhao, Nicholas R Bertos, Morag Park, Edwin Wang, Xiang-Jiao Yang
Epigenetic mechanisms are important in different neurological disorders, and one such mechanism is histone acetylation. The multivalent chromatin regulator BRPF1 (bromodomain- and plant homeodomain-linked (PHD) zinc finger-containing protein 1) recognizes different epigenetic marks and activates three histone acetyltransferases, so it is both a reader and a co-writer of the epigenetic language. The three histone acetyltransferases are MOZ, MORF, and HBO1, which are also known as lysine acetyltransferase 6A (KAT6A), KAT6B, and KAT7, respectively...
March 13, 2015: Journal of Biological Chemistry
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Heon-Myung Lee, Hong-Kun Rim, Jong-Hwan Seo, Yoon-Bum Kook, Sung-Kew Kim, Chang-Hyun Oh, Kyung Ho Yoo, Jong-Sik Jin, Hyo-Jin An
BACKGROUND: HOX-7 is a newly developed dietary formula composed of traditional oriental herbal medicines. The formula was developed with the aim of improving weight control. We investigated the anti-obesity effect of HOX-7 on high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice. METHODS: The mice were divided into four groups and were fed a normal diet (ND), HFD, or HFD with oral administration of HOX-7 at 100 or 200 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks. Body and fat weight, histological changes of fat tissue, and the expression of key adipogenic transcription factors were investigated...
2014: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Luca Pasini, Mauro Bergonti, Alessandra Fracasso, Adriano Marocco, Stefano Amaducci
Sorghum is a C4 plant adapted to semi-arid environments, and characterized by high water-use efficiency. To better understand the molecular and physiological basis of drought response the sorghum genotype IS19453, selected as a drought tolerant line during field trials, was evaluated in a "dry-down" experiment under controlled conditions. The incoming stress was monitored by determining the water potential available for 4-leaf-old plants. Control plants were maintained at approximately 2.5 pF, while water stressed plants were sampled at 3...
April 15, 2014: Journal of Plant Physiology
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
An Yin, Linlin Pan, Xiaowei Zhang, Lei Wang, Yuxin Yin, Shangang Jia, Wanfei Liu, Chengqi Xin, Kan Liu, Xiaoguang Yu, Gaoyuan Sun, Khalid Al-hudaib, Songnian Hu, Ibrahim S Al-Mssallem, Jun Yu
The red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an invasive, concealed and destructive tissue borer, and it becomes a lethal pest of the palm family of plants and has been reported to attack 20 palm species around the globe. Here we report a systematic transcriptomic study on embryogenesis of RPW, where we analyze the transcriptomes across five developmental stages of RPW embryogenesis, involving four embryonic stages (E1, E2, E3 and E4) and one larval stage (L1). Using the RNA-seq and next-generation platforms, we generated 80 to 91 million reads for each library and assemble 22 532 genes that are expressed at different embryonic stages...
February 2015: Insect Science
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Saskia Delpretti, Thomas Montavon, Marion Leleu, Elisabeth Joye, Athanasia Tzika, Michel Milinkovitch, Denis Duboule
Hox genes are required for the development of the intestinal cecum, a major organ of plant-eating species. We have analyzed the transcriptional regulation of Hoxd genes in cecal buds and show that they are controlled by a series of enhancers located in a gene desert flanking the HoxD cluster. The start site of two opposite long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), Hotdog and Twin of Hotdog, selectively contacts the expressed Hoxd genes in the framework of a topological domain, coinciding with robust transcription of these genes during cecum budding...
October 17, 2013: Cell Reports
#31
REVIEW
Peter W H Holland
UNLABELLED: Many homeobox genes encode transcription factors with regulatory roles in animal and plant development. Homeobox genes are found in almost all eukaryotes, and have diversified into 11 gene classes and over 100 gene families in animal evolution, and 10 to 14 gene classes in plants. The largest group in animals is the ANTP class which includes the well-known Hox genes, plus other genes implicated in development including ParaHox (Cdx, Xlox, Gsx), Evx, Dlx, En, NK4, NK3, Msx, and Nanog...
January 2013: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Developmental Biology
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David R Nelson, Jared V Goldstone, John J Stegeman
The neighbourhoods of cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes in deuterostome genomes, as well as those of the cnidarians Nematostella vectensis and Acropora digitifera and the placozoan Trichoplax adhaerens were examined to find clues concerning the evolution of CYP genes in animals. CYP genes created by the 2R whole genome duplications in chordates have been identified. Both microsynteny and macrosynteny were used to identify genes that coexisted near CYP genes in the animal ancestor. We show that all 11 CYP clans began in a common gene environment...
February 19, 2013: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Artyom Kopp
The diversity of animal and plant forms is shaped by nested evolutionary innovations. Understanding the genetic and molecular changes responsible for these innovations is therefore one of the key goals of evolutionary biology. From the genetic point of view, the origin of novel traits implies the origin of new regulatory pathways to control their development. To understand how these new pathways are assembled in the course of evolution, we need model systems that combine relatively recent innovations with a powerful set of genetic and molecular tools...
November 2011: Evolution & Development
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Johanna C Scheuermann, Luis Gutiérrez, Jürg Müller
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins were originally identified as negative regulators of HOX genes in Drosophila but have since emerged as a widely used transcriptional repression system that controls a variety of developmental processes in animals and plants. PcG proteins exist in multi-protein complexes that comprise specific chromatin-modifying enzymatic activities. Genome-wide binding studies in Drosophila and in mammalian cells revealed that these complexes co-localize at a large set of genes encoding developmental regulators...
July 2012: Fly
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yu Qiu, Lei Liu, Chen Zhao, Chuanchun Han, Fudong Li, Jiahai Zhang, Yan Wang, Guohong Li, Yide Mei, Mian Wu, Jihui Wu, Yunyu Shi
Histone acetylation is a hallmark for gene transcription. As a histone acetyltransferase, MOZ (monocytic leukemia zinc finger protein) is important for HOX gene expression as well as embryo and postnatal development. In vivo, MOZ forms a tetrameric complex with other subunits, including several chromatin-binding modules with regulatory functions. Here we report the solution structure of the tandem PHD (plant homeodomain) finger (PHD12) of human MOZ in a free state and the 1.47 Å crystal structure in complex with H3K14ac peptide, which reveals the structural basis for the recognition of unmodified R2 and acetylated K14 on histone H3...
June 15, 2012: Genes & Development
#36
REVIEW
Cédric Finet, Yvon Jaillais
Auxin is implicated throughout plant growth and development. Although the effects of this plant hormone have been recognized for more than a century, it is only in the past two decades that light has been shed on the molecular mechanisms that regulate auxin homeostasis, signaling, transport, crosstalk with other hormonal pathways as well as its roles in plant development. These discoveries established a molecular framework to study the role of auxin in land plant evolution. Here, we review recent advances in auxin biology and their implications in both micro- and macro-evolution of plant morphology...
September 1, 2012: Developmental Biology
#37
REVIEW
Fani Papagiannouli, Ingrid Lohmann
Stem cells are fascinating, as they supply the cells that construct our adult bodies and replenish, as we age, worn out, damaged, and diseased tissues. Stem cell regulation relies on intrinsic signals but also on inputs emanating from the neighbouring niche. The Drosophila testis provides an excellent system for studying such processes. Although recent advances have uncovered several signalling, cytoskeletal and other factors affecting niche homeostasis and testis differentiation, many aspects of niche regulation and maintenance remain unsolved...
June 2012: Biotechnology Journal
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Miodrag Grbić, Thomas Van Leeuwen, Richard M Clark, Stephane Rombauts, Pierre Rouzé, Vojislava Grbić, Edward J Osborne, Wannes Dermauw, Phuong Cao Thi Ngoc, Félix Ortego, Pedro Hernández-Crespo, Isabel Diaz, Manuel Martinez, Maria Navajas, Élio Sucena, Sara Magalhães, Lisa Nagy, Ryan M Pace, Sergej Djuranović, Guy Smagghe, Masatoshi Iga, Olivier Christiaens, Jan A Veenstra, John Ewer, Rodrigo Mancilla Villalobos, Jeffrey L Hutter, Stephen D Hudson, Marisela Velez, Soojin V Yi, Jia Zeng, Andre Pires-daSilva, Fernando Roch, Marc Cazaux, Marie Navarro, Vladimir Zhurov, Gustavo Acevedo, Anica Bjelica, Jeffrey A Fawcett, Eric Bonnet, Cindy Martens, Guy Baele, Lothar Wissler, Aminael Sanchez-Rodriguez, Luc Tirry, Catherine Blais, Kristof Demeestere, Stefan R Henz, T Ryan Gregory, Johannes Mathieu, Lou Verdon, Laurent Farinelli, Jeremy Schmutz, Erika Lindquist, René Feyereisen, Yves Van de Peer
The spider mite Tetranychus urticae is a cosmopolitan agricultural pest with an extensive host plant range and an extreme record of pesticide resistance. Here we present the completely sequenced and annotated spider mite genome, representing the first complete chelicerate genome. At 90 megabases T. urticae has the smallest sequenced arthropod genome. Compared with other arthropods, the spider mite genome shows unique changes in the hormonal environment and organization of the Hox complex, and also reveals evolutionary innovation of silk production...
November 24, 2011: Nature
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Su Qin, Lei Jin, Jiahai Zhang, Lei Liu, Peng Ji, Mian Wu, Jihui Wu, Yunyu Shi
MOZ (monocytic leukemic zinc-finger protein) and MORF (MOZ-related factor) are histone acetyltransferases important for HOX gene expression as well as embryo and postnatal development. They form complexes with other regulatory subunits through the scaffold proteins BRPF1/2/3 (bromodomain-PHD (plant homeodomain) finger proteins 1, 2, or 3). BRPF proteins have multiple domains, including two PHD fingers, for potential interactions with histones. Here we show that the first PHD finger of BRPF2 specifically recognizes the N-terminal tail of unmodified histone H3 (unH3) and report the solution structures of this PHD finger both free and in complex with the unH3 peptide...
October 21, 2011: Journal of Biological Chemistry
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thomas R Bürglin
The homeodomain is a protein domain of about 60 amino acids that is encoded by homeobox genes. The homeodomain is a DNA binding domain, and hence homeodomain proteins are essentially transcription factors (TFs). They have been shown to play major roles in many developmental processes of animals, as well as fungi and plants. A primary function of homeodomain proteins is to regulate the expression of other genes in development and differentiation. Thousands of homeobox genes have been identified, and they can be grouped into many different classes...
2011: Sub-cellular Biochemistry
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