Dental Ceramic Shade Matching

OBJECTIVE: Despite developments of dental shade selection methods, shade selection is still a challenge affecting esthetic outcomes. The purpose of this review was to discuss visual and digital shade taking methods, related effective factors and conditions, and their accuracy and precision to find out the most accurate, precise shade selection method available in dentistry. OVERVIEW: The key terms of accuracy, background, ceramic, color, colorimeter, color analysis, color science, color measurement, color measuring instrument, color matching, composite resin, dental/tooth shade guide, digital camera, esthetics, imaging, imaging application/program/ software, intraoral scanner, light source, photography, precision, shade, shade matching/ determination/prediction/reproduction/selection, shade taking device, spectrophotometer, spectrophotometry, tooth color measurement, tooth color/shade, and visual perception were used separately and jointly to detect related English-language articles published between January 1, 1985, and January 1, 2021...

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The esthetics of anterior lithium disilicate restorations can be enhanced if the buccal aspect is layered with a feldspathic ceramic. However, whether fractures and chipping of this layer are a prevalent complication is unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the incidence of incisal fracture of a specially designed lithium disilicate reinforcement of the incisal edge for indirect anterior bilayered restorations on both teeth and implants...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of dentin and enamel porcelain layer thickness on the color of various ceramic restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty specimens (shade A2 and A3, n = 10) (20 mm in length, 4 mm in width, 1.5 mm in thickness respectively) of casting ceramic (EM); alumina ceramic (AL); zirconia ceramic (ZR); and porcelain-fused-metal (PFM) were prepared. The color distributions of each specimen were measured at 4 places using a spectroradiometer...

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: With the different translucency levels and types of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) ceramic materials, choosing the most appropriate CAD-CAM ceramic materials to better reproduce the color appearance of natural teeth can be challenging. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to analyze the color differences between natural teeth and milled veneers fabricated with the different types of CAD-CAM ceramic materials...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the color and fluorescence of five dentin ceramic systems with human dentin to enhance shade matching. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five dentin ceramic systems, including Vita, GC, Creation, Noritake, and Ivoclar in 16 shades, and 12 human dentins, were prepared. The fluorescence and color coordinates were measured at 380-780 nm. A light source including a visible and a ultraviolet (UV) complemented with a geometry 45° illumination and 0° observer was used...

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The light source stability of digital cameras and smartphones is important in shade matching in restorative and prosthetic dentistry to communicate objectively with the dental laboratory. Techniques that standardize the light source of such devices are lacking, and this limitation can lead to color mismatches, difficulties in color communication, and treatment documentation. PURPOSE: The purpose of this clinical study was to compare the magnitude of color difference (ΔE) among 3 shade selection methods during the fabrication of ceramic crowns: visual shade selection with a shade guide, digital shade selection with a digital camera and cross-polarizing filter, and digital shade selection with a smartphone and a light-correcting device...

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: A silicon carbide (SiC) protective coating has been developed for dental ceramics, but whether the coated ceramics can match the classical VITA shades is unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this observational in vitro study was to evaluate the color adaptability of SiC-coated dental ceramics by testing the hypotheses that SiC-coated disks can be fabricated to match standard tooth shades and have a perceptible color match rate of at least 50% for disks with a color difference (ΔE)<2...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Color errors associated with the visual color duplication approach for ceramic laminate veneers are still challenging in esthetic dentistry. The aim of this study is to evaluate color errors generated during traditional visual shade matching approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen stooth-shaped veneer discs (shade A2 and 0.7 mm in thickness) were fabricated using six veneer materials. The veneer specimens placed on five extracted teeth with nominal shade A2 formed veneer-tooth combinations...

BACKGROUND: Zirconia is a relatively new dental material used for indirect dental restorations. Little is known about how dental practitioners are using this material in their practice. METHODS: A survey on zirconia restorations was developed and administered electronically through e-mail communications to the American Dental Association Clinical Evaluators (ACE) Panel on August 31, 2020. Reminders were sent to nonrespondents, and the survey closed 2 weeks after the launch date...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy and repeatability of different intraoral scanners on shade determination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten different shades of Vita Mark II blocks were used. A disc-shape specimen (10 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick) per ceramic block was fabricated. Ten color measurements per specimen were performed by each instrument (Vita Easyshade V [control], 3shape Trios, Cerec Omnicam, Cerec Primescan) and recorded in Vita Classic color system...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To verify the color match of metal-ceramic and full ceramic crowns, using instrumental methods. METHODS: A number of 153 teeth (anterior and posterior teeth), in 62 patients, were restored with metal ceramic (MC, n=119), pressed-ceramic (PC, n=28), and zirconia-ceramic (ZC, n=6) full coverage crowns. The shade of a reference natural tooth was recorded instrumentally with a dental spectrophotometer (Vitaeasyshade Advance 4.0) in "single tooth measurement", which provided the base color in Vita Classic (VC) and Vita 3D Master shades (3D)...

SiO2 /SiC coatings were deposited onto ceramics disks using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The effects of deposition pressure and gas-flow ratio on the refractive index, extinction coefficient, and SiC composition were studied. For the highest studied SiH4 to CH4 gas-flow ratio of 1.5, the refractive index increased by 17% from 2.53 (at the wavelength of 845 nm) to 2.96 (at the wavelength of 400 nm). For the lowest studied SiH4 to CH4 gas-flow ratio of 0.5, the refractive index only increased by 4% from 2...

Monolithic zirconia restoration is an acceptable treatment option in restorative dentistry and a developing trend in esthetic dentistry. Digital dentistry has simplified fabrication of monolithic zirconia restorations. Zirconia ceramic has introduced an opportunity to achieve both esthetic and mechanical requirements for restorations. This is rarely found for a ceramic in dentistry. Monolithic zirconia restorations represent an acceptable durability, comparable to metal-ceramic restorations, while they are superior to metal-ceramic restorations esthetically; however, difficulties to gain an optimal shade reproduction and a color match with monolithic zirconia restorations still remain...

This study evaluated the color variability of hues B, C, and D between the VITA Classical shade guide (Vita Zahnfabrik) and four other VITA-coded ceramic shade guides using a digital camera (Canon EOS 60D) and computer software (Adobe Photoshop CC). A cross-polarizing filter was used to standardize external light sources influencing color match. A total of 275 pictures were taken, 5 per shade tab, for 11 shades (B1, B2, B3, B4, C1, C2, C3, C4, D2, D3, and D4), from the following shade guides: VITA Classical (control); IPS e...

OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the optical properties of recently marketed pre-colored monolithic zirconia ceramics and to compare with those of veneered zirconia and lithium disilicate glass ceramics. METHODS: Various shades of pre-colored monolithic zirconia, veneered zirconia, and lithium disilicate glass ceramic specimens were tested (17.0×17.0×1.5mm, n=5). CIELab color coordinates were obtained against white, black, and grey backgrounds with a spectrophotometer...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the translucency of two different all-ceramic systems using Vita Easyshade digital shade matching device in an in vitro model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Translucency of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS e.max Press) and zirconia all-ceramic system (Ceramill ZI) were evaluated and compared. A total of 5 square-shaped specimens with 0.5 mm thickness were fabricated from each ceramic system in A1 shade according to Vitapan Classical shade tab...

This study evaluated color variability in the A hue between the VITA Classical (VITA Zahnfabrik) shade guide and four other VITA-coded ceramic shade guides using a Canon EOS 60D camera and software (Photoshop CC, Adobe). A total of 125 photographs were taken, 5 per shade tab for each of 5 shades (A1 to A4) from the following shade guides: VITA Classical (control), IPS e.max Ceram (Ivoclar Vivadent), IPS d.SIGN (Ivoclar Vivadent), Initial ZI (GC), and Creation CC (Creation Willi Geller). Photos were processed with Adobe Photoshop CC to allow standardized evaluation of hue, chroma, and value between shade tabs...

PURPOSE: To determine the variability in shade reproduction of metal ceramic restorations fabricated by different laboratory technicians at different fabrication times. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred thirty five metal copings for metal ceramic restorations were fabricated with a standardized method and distributed among three dental laboratory technicians (n = 45). Each technician was requested to match three different shade specifications including 2L1.5, 3M2, 4R2...

PURPOSE: Polymer infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) materials, also called hybrid ceramics, are new materials in dental market. The manufacturer of the PICN material VITA Enamic suggests 3 different finishing procedures for this new material. In the present study, surface roughness and color differences caused from different finishing procedures of VITA Enamic were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 120 specimens were prepared in dimensions 2 × 10 × 12 mm from VITA Enamic hybrid ceramic blocks with 'high translucency' and 'translucency 2M2' shades...

PURPOSE: The harmonious shade matching of restorations with adjacent natural teeth is a prerequisite for a successful esthetic restoration. Color is a combined effect of the physical properties of an object, the light source, and the perception of the observer. The interpretation of color is influenced by both the physiological and psychological health of an individual. It is critical to understand the influence of an individual's psychological state on the shade selection procedure to achieve better shade matching and post-treatment patient counseling...