lymphography

Cancer is the leading cause of death in companion animals. The evaluation of locoregional lymph nodes, known as lymph node mapping, is a critical process in assessing the stage of various solid tumors, such as mast cell tumors (MCTs), anal gland anal sac adenocarcinoma, melanoma, and mammary gland adenocarcinoma. MCTs are among the most prevalent skin malignancies in dogs. Staging is used to describe the extent of neoplastic disease, provide a framework for rational treatment planning, and evaluate treatment results...

Background: Indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography, a key diagnostic tool for lymphedema, is influenced by the dilution process of ICG dye, impacting patient experience. Methods and Results: In our study, we assessed three different ICG diluents-water for injection (WFI), normal saline (NS), and Dextrose® plus human albumin-in five healthy volunteer individuals undergoing superficial lymphography of the upper limb over 3 weeks. Results indicated that NS, as a diluent for ICG, caused the least discomfort during injection, in contrast to WFI, which led to the highest levels of discomfort...

BACKGROUND: Non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) has been reported as valuable for the assessment of lymphedema. However, the correlation between NMRI findings and indocyanine green lymphography (ICG-L) findings remains elusive. METHODS: This single-center retrospective study included 26 patients diagnosed with breast cancer-related lymphedema. We examined the prevalence of fluid infiltration in eight regions of the upper extremity, the type of fluid distribution, and the dominant segment of edema on NMRI in comparison to the ICG-L stage...

OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer related lymphedema (BCRL) may be assessed through objective measurement of limb swelling with common techniques including volumetric measurement using a tape measure or perometry, and measurement of extracellular water using bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS). This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a stand-on BIS device for detection of BCRL, introduce a novel graphical method to compare volumetric and BIS methods alongside traditional specificity and sensitivity analysis, and determine and compare BIS thresholds with those published previously...

Near-infrared-I/II fluorescent proteins (NIR-I/II FPs) are crucial for in vivo imaging, yet the current NIR-I/II FPs face challenges including scarcity, the requirement for chromophore maturation, and limited emission wavelengths (typically < 800 nm). Here, we utilize synthetic protein-seeking NIR-II dyes as chromophores, which covalently bind to tag proteins (e.g., human serum albumin, HSA) through a site-specific nucleophilic substitution reaction, thereby creating proof-of-concept biomimetic NIR-II FPs...

Lipoedema is the disproportionate accumulation of adipose tissue in the lower body, often associated with hormonal changes in women. Lipoedema is commonly misdiagnosed as lymphoedema or obesity due to similarities in appearance. The aim of this study is to compare body composition and fluid measures of women with lipoedema, lymphoedema, and matched control participants, to determine differences that may help distinguish between each condition. One hundred and eleven participants aged over 18, who presented with the complaint of leg swelling and underwent indocyanine green lymphography were included in this study...

BACKGROUND: Despite an increased interest in visualising the lymphatic vessels (lymphatics) with Magnetic Resonance Lymphangiography (MRL), there remains little literature describing their appearance in non-lymphoedematous individuals. To determine lymphatic abnormalities, an understanding of how healthy lymphatics appear and behave needs to be established. In this study, MRL of individuals without a history of lymphatic disease was therefore performed. METHODS: A total of 25 individuals (15 female) underwent MRL of their lower limbs using a 3...

Synthetic near-infrared-II (NIR-II) dyes are promising for deep tissue imaging, yet they are generally difficult to target a given biomolecule with high specificity. Furthermore, the interaction mechanism between albumin and cyanine molecules, which is usually regarded as uncertain "complexes" such as crosslinked nanoparticles, remains poorly understood. Methods: Here, we propose a new class of NIR-II fluorogenic dyes capable of site-specific albumin tagging for in situ albumin seeking/targeting or constructing high-performance cyanine@albumin probes...

BACKGROUND: Fluorescent lymphography (FL) using indocyanine green (ICG) allows for the visualization of all draining lymph nodes (LNs), thereby increasing LN retrieval. However, no studies have assessed the efficacy of FL in high body mass index (BMI) gastric cancer patients, even as LN yield decreases with increasing BMI in gastrectomy. This study aimed to investigate the influence of FL on LN retrieval in high BMI gastric cancer patients. METHODS: Gastric cancer patients who underwent laparoscopic or robotic gastrectomies from 2013 to 2021 were included...

Indocyanine green (ICG), a well-known molecule employed in medicine for over five decades, has emerged as a versatile dye widely embraced across various surgical disciplines. In gynecologic oncology, its prevalent use revolves around the detection of sentinel lymph nodes. However, the true potential of ICG extends beyond this singular application, owing to its pragmatic utility, cost-effectiveness, and safety profile. Furthermore, ICG has been introduced in the theranostic landscape, marking a significant juncture in the evolution of its clinical utility...

Lower leg lymphedema is an important complication after gynecological treatment that can severely affect the quality of life of long-term survivors of these malignancies. As a chronic and progressive disease, affected patients will require life-long therapy centered on compression. Although conventional compressive treatments can be effective, they are extremely burdensome and time-consuming for most patients and adherence is challenging. With advances in the field of reconstructive microsurgery, new procedures have been developed in the past decades to help these patients in their continuous care and have been offered at many oncological centers around the world as a first line of treatment...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the feasibility and short-term outcome of our surgical technique to repair the lymph vessel disruption directly after axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) during breast cancer surgery. This is called immediate lymphatic reconstruction to prevent breast cancer treatment-related lymphedema (BCRL), which frequently occurs after ALND. The surgical technique consisted of lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) or lymphaticolymphatic anastomosis. We named the procedure lymphatic bypass supermicrosurgery (LBS)...

OBJECTIVE: To study diagnostic value of fluorescence lymphography for sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study enrolled 25 patients with breast cancer T1-2N0-1M0 between March 2023 and July 2023. Eight ones underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In 3 patients, morphologically verified metastases cN1 in axillary lymph nodes regressed after treatment. After sentinel lymph node biopsy, all patients underwent standard axillary lymphadenectomy...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of intraoperative angiography and fluorescence navigation with indocyanine green in reducing the risks of intra- and postoperative complications, as well as resection quality in patients with gastric cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The main group consisted of patients who underwent intraoperative angiography and fluorescence navigation with indocyanine green ( n =43). The control group included patients without these procedures ( n =154)...

BACKGROUND: Identification of the proper lymphatics is important for successful lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) for lymphedema; however, visualization of lymphatic vessels is challenging. Photoacoustic lymphangiography (PAL) can help visualize lymphatics more clearly than other modalities. Therefore, we investigated the usefulness of PAL and determined whether the clear and three-dimensional image of PAL affects LVA outcomes. METHODS: We recruited 22 female patients with lower extremity lymphedema...

Computed tomography is frequently used to stage canine mast cell tumors (MCTs). The aims of this prospective, observational study were to describe the CT features of MCTs, to evaluate the performance of CT in detecting additional or incidental MCTs, to distinguish between cutaneous (cMCT) or subcutaneous (scMCT) MCTs, and to identify one or multiple sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) by indirect CT lymphography (ICTL). Seventy-two dogs affected by 111 MCTs were included. The recorded parameters were: shape, size, attenuation (Hounsfield units [HU]), location (cutaneous or subcutaneous), and presence of fat stranding...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography is the reference standard for evaluating lymphedema stage and identifying lymphatic vessels. However, the penetration depth was limited to 1-2 cm from the skin surface. This prospective study compares clinical outcomes following lymphaticovenous anastomoses (LVA) in patients with upper and lower limb lymphedema using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) with ICG as a preoperative imaging modality. METHODS: Under general anesthesia, Sonazoid® was injected subcutaneously to visualize functional lymphatic channels via CEUS...

Mammary gland tumours are the most common neoplasms in intact bitches. Over the last decades, veterinary oncology has evolved in detecting and determining the lymph nodes to be removed in these patients for an accurate staging and prognosis, as well as to achieve better disease control and higher overall survival time. Our objective was to describe recent advances related to lymphatic drainage in bitches with mammary gland tumours, focusing on surgery, diagnosis, and prognosis. Through a systematic review using PubMed as the database, a thorough multi-step search reduced 316 studies to 30 for analysis...

PURPOSES: Non-contrast magnetic resonance lymphography (NMRL) has recently shown the capability of evaluating anatomical fluid distribution in upper extremity lymphedema (UEL). However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the correlation between the characteristic three-dimensional (3D) NMRL findings and the indocyanine green lymphography (ICG-L) findings. Our goal was to clarify the relationship between the 3D NMRL findings and the ICG-L findings. METHODS: Medical charts of patients with secondary UEL who underwent NMRL and ICG-L between January 2018 to October 2021 were reviewed...

Lymphedema has traditionally been underappreciated by the healthcare community. Understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and treatments beyond compression have been limited until recently. Increased investigation has demonstrated the key role of inflammation and resultant fibrosis and adipose deposition leading to the clinical sequelae and associated reduction in quality of life with lymphedema. New imaging techniques including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), indocyanine green lymphography, and high-frequency ultrasound offer improved resolution and understanding of lymphatic anatomy and flow...