Yolk Sell

This study aimed to develop appropriate temperature management practices and provide scientific evidence to support the development of sell-by-date guidance for eggs. Washed and unwashed eggs were subjected to storage under six different scenarios, and both types of eggs were stored at temperatures up to 35°C to evaluate the sell-by-date. Despite temperature fluctuations or continuous storage at 30°C for 5 days, subsequent storage at 10°C resulted in significantly higher Haugh unit and yolk index on day 15...

BACKGROUND: Malignant ovarian germ cell tumors are rare tumors, affecting young women with a generally favorable prognosis. The French reference network for Rare Malignant Gynecological Tumors (TMRG) aims to improve their management. The purpose of this study is to report clinicopathological features and long-term outcomes, to explore prognostic parameters and to help in considering adjuvant strategy for stage I patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data from patients with MOGCT registered among 13 of the largest centers of the TMRG network were analyzed...

The effect of storage period on hatching and post-hatching performance of two quail breeds (brown Japanese quail (BJQ) and French white quail (FWQ)) was investigated using 940 eggs from each breed. Eggs were divided into four equal groups (235 eggs each), in each group. A total number of 210 eggs were used for incubation (with three replicates, 70 eggs each) and additional 25 eggs served as samples for egg quality parameters, each group was kept for special storage period. The first group was incubated on the same day of collection (zero day storage)...

Two hundred thirty one Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitic milk were discriminated into 60 patterns and 16 lineages by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The tested isolates were also investigated using coagulase and capsule serotyping and PCR for possession of genes that encode staphylococcal enterotoxins (sea to sei), enterotoxin-like toxins (selj to selr), and toxic shock syndrome toxin (tst). One hundred seventy three of the isolates (74.9%) possessed one or more toxin genes, while no egg-yolk factor was detected in most of them...

Vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate) was evaluated for its effects on performance, lymphocyte proliferation, and antioxidation in layers during heat stress. In Trial 1, 25, 45, or 65 IU of vitamin E/kg were fed to four replicated pens (five hens/cage) of DeKalb Delta or Hy-Line W-36 per treatment starting at 20 wk of age. At 34 wk of age, hens were heat-stressed at diurnal temperature ranging from 21 C to 35 C for 3 wk. The performances of hens not exposed to heat stress were not influenced by supplemental vitamin E...

A study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and the ratio of linoleic:linolenic acid on long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status. Thirty-two 31-wk-old White Leghorn hens were randomly assigned to four diets containing 8.2% soy oil, 4.1% soy oil + 2.5% CLA (4.1% CLA source), 4.1% flax oil + 2.5% CLA, or 4.1% soy oil + 4.1% flax oil. Hens were fed the diets for 3 wk before eggs and tissues were collected for the study. Lipids were extracted from egg yolk and tissues, classes of egg yolk lipids were separated, and fatty acid concentrations of total lipids, triglyceride, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine were analyzed by gas chromatography...

Forty-eight 27-wk-old White Leghorn hens were assigned randomly to four diets containing 0, 1.25, 2.5, or 5.0% conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Hens were fed the CLA diets for 2 wk before eggs were collected for the study. Classes of egg yolk lipids were separated, and fatty acid concentrations in total lipid, triglyceride (TG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) were analyzed to determine the incorporation of dietary CLA isomers into different classes of egg yolk lipids. The amounts of CLA incorporated into lipid, PC, PE, and TG of egg yolk were proportional to the levels of CLA in the diet...

There is interest in increasing the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of foods because of purported benefits of CLA for human health. Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of dietary CLA concentration on CLA content of eggs. In Experiment 1, diets containing 0, 0.5, 2.5, or 5.0% CLA were fed to 26-wk-old White Leghorn hens (Hy-Line W-77) for 29 d. No CLA was detected in the yolk lipids of hens fed the control diet. Concentration of CLA in the yolk lipids linearly increased as dietary CLA increased...

Twenty-four, 79-wk-old White Leghorn hens were assigned randomly to three diets containing 0, 2.5, or 5.0% conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). The diets were fed for 4 wk to determine the effect of dietary CLA on quality characteristics of eggs. Eggs were collected daily and stored at 4 C for 1, 7, 21, or 49 d. At the designated times, the eggs were processed to evaluate water content, fatty acid composition, color, proportions and pH of yolk and albumen. Firmness of yolk after the eggs were hard-cooked was also determined...

A study was conducted to develop a solvent system that will clean egg yolk samples and concentrate cholesterol oxides effectively before analysis. Cholesterol oxide standards or lipid samples (0.2 g) loaded onto a silicic column were washed with a portion of Solvent I (hexane/diethyl ether, 9:1, vol/vol) and then with Solvent II. Four different Solvent II preparations (Solvent IIa, hexane:ethyl acetate = 4:1; Solvent IIb, hexane:ethyl acetate = 1:1; Solvent IIc, hexane:ethyl acetate:diethyl ether = 2:1:1; Solvent IId, hexane:ethyl acetate:diethyl ether = 4:1:2, vol/vol/vol) were prepared and the purification efficiencies of Solvent II solutions for neutral lipids, cholesterol, and phospholipids in the column were compared...

The accurate measurement of venom lethality is the basis of clinical treatment of snakebite and of much venom-related research. Lethality tests are necessarily carried out in animal models and the results extrapolated to man. While we may be confounded by the obvious limitations of this approach, we can improve the situation by using a non-sentient living system, such as the very early developmental stage of the chick embryo, as an alternative to lethality testing in mammals. The continuing need for lethality testing of venoms and their isolated components, which underpins the development and assessment of antivenoms, currently accounts for thousands of mice annually; this is becoming increasingly unacceptable, first because of the amount of suffering caused and second, because of the high cost incurred...

One of the tests used routinely for the preclinical assessment of antivenom efficacy is the WHO-approved rodent intradermal skin test for assessing neutralization of venom-induced haemorrhagic activity. This is a useful test as in many viperid venoms haemorrhage is considered to be the principal lethal (pathogenic) venom effect in envenomed humans. The main problems with such an assay are, first, the necessity of using large numbers of experimental rodents (rats or mice) in order to obtain statistically significant results and, second, that the test must result in pain for the animals during the 24 hr assay period...

The cellular mechanism of control of alphafetoprotein (AFP) and albumin (ALB) production during normal and pathologic permissive states is being examined using complementary DNA probes. AFP is the major serum protein for most of fetal life, but normally is produced in very small amounts in the adult. AFP production recurs in the adult during restitutive proliferation of the liver following partial hepatectomy or chemical injury, early after the exposure to chemical carcinogens and in animals with hepatocellular or yolk sac carcinomas...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Hens of two commercial White Leghorn strains were fed diets representing a complete factorial arrangement of 0, 3, or 6 ppm vanadium (V) from dicalcium phosphate and 0 or 5% cottonseed meal (CSM). Test diets were fed for 4 consecutive weeks beginning when hens were 25, 40, 62, or 76 weeks old. After each 4-week treatment period, all hens were fed a diet containing no added V or CSM. Albumen quality (Haugh units) was determined on eggs produced on Days 6 and 7 of each week of feeding the test diets. Three ppm V caused a slight decrease in Haugh units, while 6 ppm V reduced Haugh unit score (HU) by 6 to 15 units when fed to hens 29, 44, or 80 weeks old...

An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of dietary fat on weight of eggs and egg yolks of White Leghorn hens from 24 to 38 wk of age. Beginning at 24 wk of age, nine experimental units of eight hens each were fed one of five diet treatments. Treatments consisted of a corn-soybean meal diet containing no added fat, diets containing 3 or 6% animal-vegetable fats (A-V fat) formulated to be isocaloric and equinitrogenous with the no added fat diet, and diets containing 3 or 6% A-V fat in which the metabolizable energy (ME) concentration increased 105 kcal/kg with each 3% increment of A-V fat...

Two experiments were conducted to determine the development of lipase activity in the yolk membrane (YM) of poults during the embryonic period and in the pancreas during the first 16 days after hatching. A corn-soybean meal diet, formulated to contain 6% supplemental fat was used in both Experiments 1 and 2; two dietary levels (0 or .06%) of sodium taurodeoxycholate (NaTDC) were tested in Experiment 2. Samples of YM and pancreas were collected starting at Day 7 (Experiment 1) and at Day 18 (Experiment 2) of incubation and continued until Day 4 and Day 16 after hatching for YM and pancreas, respectively...

Markers for hepatocellular cancer include the best and worst of cancer detection. Although hepatocellular cancer is relatively infrequent compared to other cancers in the western world, HCC has a very high incidence in parts of Asia and Africa. It is estimated to be one of the most common cancer worldwide. High risk factors for HCC include previous hepatitis B infection, heavy alcohol consumption, cirrhosis, and aflatoxin exposure. Alpha fetoprotein may be the best human cancer marker that appears in the serum, but levels of this marker are often not elevated until the tumor is beyond surgical treatment...

Developing embryos and hatchling poults were sampled (n = 4) at Days 22, 24, 26, and 28 of incubation and at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days after hatching, and selected characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) were measured. Body weight increased linearly up to day of hatching and also from 2 to 8 days posthatching. Residual yolk weight decreased rapidly starting on Day 26 of incubation and was nearly depleted by 4 days posthatching. Changes in weight of segments of the GIT nearly paralleled the increase in body weight until day of hatching...