Essential oils and pediatrics

Intravenous lipid emulsions are an integral part of nutrition therapy in the intestinal failure patient. In addition to being a concentrated source of non-protein calories, they provide the essential fatty acids necessary for growth and development. Depending upon the oil source used in these products, complications such as intestinal failure associated liver disease (IFALD) can occur. This review will discuss the risks and benefits associated with these products, especially as they relate to the pediatric intestinal failure patient...

INTRODUCTION: Chemotherapy-induced nausea can be distressing and difficult to manage in children with cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of ginger aromatherapy in relieving chemotherapy-induced nausea in children with cancer. METHOD: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 49 children with cancer explored whether inhalation of the aroma of essential oil of ginger during chemotherapy decreased nausea compared with a placebo (water) or control (Johnson's baby shampoo) measured by prechemotherapy and postchemotherapy assessment with the Pediatric Nausea Assessment Tool (PeNAT)...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Cough, as a defensive reflux mechanism, removes foreign objects and secretions from bronchi and bronchioles of airways. Zataria multiflora is a popular plant for treatment of cough in Iranian traditional medicine. The aim of this review was to evaluate the potency of Z. multiflora as an alternative treatment in management of acute cough and its possible mechanisms of action. Here the authors compiled information about Z. multiflora in the treatment of cough from all accessible resources and books. The results of this investigation showed that there were five clinical studies that evaluated the efficacy of Z...

PURPOSE: Pediatric patients with intestinal failure need long-term parenteral nutrition (PN), but this nutritional support causes liver dysfunction, such as intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD). Several studies have shown that the lipid emulsion produced by soybean oil (SO) is associated with the occurrence of IFALD. In this study, we evaluated the effect of SO and fish oil (FO) lipid emulsion on hepatic steatosis. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats underwent jugular vein catheterization and were divided into three groups: sham operation with normal chow (Sham group), 80% small bowel resection (80% SBR) + TPN with SO lipid emulsion (SO group), and 80% SBR + TPN with FO lipid emulsion (FO group)...

Hospital admissions related to burn injury reach 40,000 annually. Patients who experience extensive burns require longer hospital stays and are at increased risk for infection and hospital acquired conditions. This comparative case study is a two patient matched case control design that follows the hospital course of two children who experienced burn injuries. For one of these patients, with the consent of the child's parents, the grandmother treated her granddaughter with essential oils. Essential oils have the potential to inhibit microbial growth, support treatment of wounds, and facilitate healing...

Aromatherapy is an integrative intervention that uses essential oils to address symptom management, potentially as a first-line intervention or as a complement to other medical treatments. Aromatherapy is gaining widespread acceptance and increased scientific evidence of efficacy. Integrative and holistic nursing care uses integrative therapies such as aromatherapy and the principle of moving from a less invasive intervention to a more invasive intervention according to patient needs, symptoms, and preferences...

Intravenous fat emulsions (IVFEs) provide essential fatty acids (EFAs) and are a dense source of energy in parenteral nutrition (PN). Parenterally administered lipid was introduced in the 17th century but plagued with side effects. The formulation of IVFEs later on made it a relatively safe component for administration to patients. Many ingredients are common to all IVFEs, yet the oil source(s) and its (their) percentage(s) makes them different from each other. The oil used dictates how IVFEs are metabolized and cleared from the body...

The chemical composition, antioxidant, cytotoxic and antiviral activities of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Teucrium pseudochamaepitys (Lamiaceae) collected from Zaghouan province of Tunisia are reported. The essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Thirty-one compounds were identified representing 88.6% of the total essential oil. Hexadecanoic acid was found to be the most abundant component (26...

Fat is an important macronutrient in the human diet. For patients with intestinal failure who are unable to absorb nutrients via the enteral route, intravenous lipid emulsions play a critical role in providing an energy-dense source of calories and supplying the essential fatty acids that cannot be endogenously synthesized. Over the last 50 y, lipid emulsions have been an important component of parenteral nutrition (PN), and over the last 10-15 y many new lipid emulsions have been manufactured with the goal of improving safety and efficacy profiles and achieving physiologically optimal formulations...

Concomitantly with the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is rising among children and adolescents, leading to fears for future epidemics of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in the young. MetS includes central obesity, hypertension, low HDL cholesterol, high triglycerides, and elevated concentrations of fasting blood glucose. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is the most common cause of chronic liver disease both in adults and children, is currently considered as the hepatic component of MetS...

INTRODUCTION: Parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC) is linked with the administration of soybean-based intravenous fat emulsion (IVFE). IVFE reduction (IFER) may be an effective management strategy for PNAC; however, long-term associated neurodevelopmental outcomes (NDOs) for infants undergoing IFER have not been measured previously. This single-institution, prospective study examined the risk for negative NDOs and key predictors of NDOs associated with IFER. METHODS: Patients (2-5 years) treated with soybean-based IFER as neonates underwent NDO measurements, including Ages and Stages Questionnaires-3 (ASQ-3), Parents' Evaluations of Developmental Status (PEDS), and Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition Preschool, Parent (BASC-2 PRS-P)...

Tea tree oil is an essential oil containing a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons. We describe an 18-month-old male patient who ingested tea tree oil, developed central nervous system depression, respiratory distress, and received early emergency department treatment with surfactant. Early treatment of hydrocarbon pneumonitis with surfactant has not been previously described. Early administration of surfactant should be further evaluated for treatment of hydrocarbon aspiration.

Lipids are an important source of energy for young children and play a major role in the development and functioning of nervous tissue. Essential fatty acids and their long-chain derivatives also fulfill multiple metabolic functions and play a role in the regulation of numerous genes. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail [ANSES]) have recently recommended a minimum daily intake in preformed long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs): arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)...

The use of fish oil-based lipid emulsions (FOLE) in the treatment of intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) remains investigational. Additional evidence for safety and efficacy, particularly in the neonatal and pediatric populations, is needed. Retrospective chart review was conducted on 10 infants with short bowel syndrome who received FOLE for IFALD. Direct bilirubin concentrations normalized in surviving subjects within 4.1 to 22.7 weeks of starting treatment. Although earlier initiation of FOLE was not associated with more rapid normalization of direct bilirubin concentrations, it trended toward a significant correlation with reduced length of hospital stay ( P = ...

Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a life-saving nutritional support for a large population of hospitalized infants, and lipids make a substantial contribution to their energy and essential fatty acid (FA) needs. A challenge in the care of these infants is that their metabolic needs require prolonged PN support that increases the risk of PN-associated liver disease (PNALD). In recent years, the emergence of new parenteral lipid emulsions containing different source lipids and FA profiles has created nutritional alternatives to the first-generation, soybean oil-based lipid emulsion Intralipid...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of aromatherapy with Lavandula angustifolia essential oil on post-tonsillectomy pain in pediatric patients. METHODS: This was a randomized controlled prospective clinical trial. In this study, 48 post-tonsillectomy patients aged 6-12 years were randomly assigned to two groups (24 patients in each group). After tonsillectomy surgery, all patients received acetaminophen (10-15 mg/kg/dose, PO) every 6h as necessary to relieve pain...

BACKGROUND: Essential oils have been used as an alternative and complementary treatment in medicine. Citrus fragrance has been used by aromatherapists for the treatment of anxiety symptoms. Based on this claim, the aim of present study was to investigate the effect of aromatherapy with essential oil of orange on child anxiety during dental treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty children (10 boys, 20 girls) aged 6-9 years participated in a crossover intervention study, according to the inclusion criteria, among patients who attended the pediatric department of Isfahan Dental School in 2011...

INTRODUCTION: A parenteral lipid emulsion (LE), used as a key source of energy, essential fatty acids (FAs), and fat-soluble vitamins, is an integral part of a parenteral nutrition (PN) regimen. The conventional LEs, such as soybean oil (SO)-based emulsions, have caused concerns about the potential adverse effects involving oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune response probably because of undesirable FA composition. AREAS COVERED: Recently, alternative LEs, optimizing the FA composition with partial substitution of SO with medium-chain triglyceride (MCT), olive oil (OO), and fish oil (FO), have been developed and applied in clinical practice...

BACKGROUND: Studies have suggested that when intravenous (IV) soybean oil (SO) is replaced with fish oil (FO), direct hyperbilirubinemia is more likely to resolve. The necessary duration of FO has not been established. This study seeks to determine if 24 weeks of FO is an effective and safe therapy for intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a clinical trial using patients with IFALD between the ages of 2 weeks and 18 years...