keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533399/phyllosphere-bacterial-community-dynamics-in-response-to-bacterial-wildfire-disease-succession-and-interaction-patterns
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Deyuan Peng, Zhenhua Wang, Jinyan Tian, Wei Wang, Shijie Guo, Xi Dai, Huaqun Yin, Liangzhi Li
Plants interact with complex microbial communities in which microorganisms play different roles in plant development and health. While certain microorganisms may cause disease, others promote nutrient uptake and resistance to stresses through a variety of mechanisms. Developing plant protection measures requires a deeper comprehension of the factors that influence multitrophic interactions and the organization of phyllospheric communities. High-throughput sequencing was used in this work to investigate the effects of climate variables and bacterial wildfire disease on the bacterial community's composition and assembly in the phyllosphere of tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L...
2024: Frontiers in Plant Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531189/uneven-effects-of-twenty-years-of-chile-s-cannabis-policy-implementation-in-cannabis-onset
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
José Ignacio Nazif-Munoz, Karen Domínguez-Cancino, Pablo Martínez, Marie Jauffret-Roustide
BACKGROUND: In Chile, Laws 19366 and 20000, implemented in 1995 and 2005 respectively, regulated and sanctioned cannabis' personal use, cultivation and trafficking. METHODS: We use thirteen biannual cross-sectional national surveys data from 1994 to 2018 to examine the effect of Laws 19366 and 20000-using the rate of individuals incarcerated per 100000 population due to drug-related crimes as proxy-on the age of onset of cannabis use over time. We estimate the effect of these policies using a mixed proportional hazards framework that models the transition to first cannabis use in 47,832 individuals aged 12-21...
March 25, 2024: International Journal on Drug Policy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531067/age-related-differences-in-neutralizing-antibody-responses-against-sars-cov-2-delta-and-omicron-variants-in-151-sars-cov-2-na%C3%A3-ve-metropolitan-residents-boosted-with-bnt162b2
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Beomki Lee, Go Eun Bae, In Hwa Jeong, Jong-Hun Kim, Min-Jung Kwon, Jayoung Kim, Byoungguk Kim, June-Woo Lee, Jeong-Hyun Nam, Hee Jin Huh, Eun-Suk Kang
BACKGROUND: Although age negatively correlates with vaccine-induced immune responses, whether the vaccine-induced neutralizing effect against variants of concern (VOCs) substantially differs across age remains relatively poorly explored. In addition, the utility of commercial binding assays developed with the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 for predicting the neutralizing effect against VOCs should be revalidated. METHODS: We analyzed 151 triple-vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-naïve individuals boosted with BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech)...
March 26, 2024: Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530755/onemax-is-not-the-easiest-function-for-fitness-improvements
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marc Kaufmann, Maxime Larcher, Johannes Lengler, Xun Zou
We study the (1:s+1) success rule for controlling the population size of the (1,λ)- EA. It was shown by Hevia Fajardo and Sudholt that this parameter control mechanism can run into problems for large s if the fitness landscape is too easy. They conjectured that this problem is worst for the ONEMAX benchmark, since in some well-established sense ONEMAX is known to be the easiest fitness landscape. In this paper we disprove this conjecture. We show that there exist s and ɛ such that the self-adjusting (1,λ)-EA with the (1:s+1)-rule optimizes ONEMAX efficiently when started with ɛn zero-bits, but does not find the optimum in polynomial time on DYNAMIC BINVAL...
March 22, 2024: Evolutionary Computation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530626/the-hidden-toll-of-psychological-distress-in-australian-adults-and-its-impact-on-health-related-quality-of-life-measured-as-health-state-utilities
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Muhammad Iftikhar Ul Husnain, Mohammad Hajizadeh, Hasnat Ahmad, Rasheda Khanam
BACKGROUND: Psychological distress (PD) is a major health problem that affects all aspects of health-related quality of life including physical, mental and social health, leading to a substantial human and economic burden. Studies have revealed a concerning rise in the prevalence of PD and various mental health conditions among Australians, particularly in female individuals. There is a scarcity of studies that estimate health state utilities (HSUs), which reflect the overall health-related quality of life in individuals with PD...
March 26, 2024: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530348/synthetic-eco-evolutionary-dynamics-in-simple-molecular-environment
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Luca Casiraghi, Francesco Mambretti, Anna Tovo, Elvezia Maria Paraboschi, Samir Suweis, Tommaso Bellini
The understanding of eco-evolutionary dynamics, and in particular the mechanism of coexistence of species, is still fragmentary and in need of test bench model systems. To this aim we developed a variant of SELEX in vitro selection to study the evolution of a population of ∼1015 single-strand DNA oligonucleotide 'individuals'. We begin with a seed of random sequences which we select via affinity capture from ∼1012 DNA oligomers of fixed sequence ('resources') over which they compete. At each cycle ('generation'), the ecosystem is replenished via PCR amplification of survivors...
March 26, 2024: ELife
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530018/microscale-advection-governs-microbial-growth-and-oxygen-consumption-in-macroporous-aggregates
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rachel Shen, Benedict Borer, Davide Ciccarese, M Mehdi Salek, Andrew R Babbin
Most microbial life on Earth is found in localized microenvironments that collectively exert a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem health and influencing global biogeochemical cycles. In many habitats such as biofilms in aquatic systems, bacterial flocs in activated sludge, periphyton mats, or particles sinking in the ocean, these microenvironments experience sporadic or continuous flow. Depending on their microscale structure, pores and channels through the microenvironments permit localized flow that shifts the relative importance of diffusive and advective mass transport...
March 26, 2024: MSphere
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529698/the-state-of-art-on-the-use-of-patient-reported-outcomes-in-migraine
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alicia Alpuente, Marta Torres-Ferrus, Edoardo Caronna, Patricia Pozo-Rosich
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to explore the use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in migraine. Traditionally assessed through specific features, recent adoption of PROMs allows for a more objective and quantifiable evaluation. PROMs, which are standardized questionnaires collecting health information directly from a patients' perspective, cover various aspects, including migraine specific aspects. The review focuses on delineating the applications and interpretation of commonly used PROMs in migraine research, with an emphasis on their integration in clinical care...
March 27, 2024: Current Opinion in Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529118/addressing-bias-in-the-definition-of-sars-cov-2-reinfection-implications-for-underestimation
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hiam Chemaitelly, Houssein H Ayoub, Patrick Tang, Hadi M Yassine, Asmaa A Al Thani, Mohammad R Hasan, Peter Coyle, Zaina Al-Kanaani, Einas Al-Kuwari, Andrew Jeremijenko, Anvar Hassan Kaleeckal, Ali Nizar Latif, Riyazuddin Mohammad Shaik, Hanan F Abdul-Rahim, Gheyath K Nasrallah, Mohamed Ghaith Al-Kuwari, Adeel A Butt, Hamad Eid Al-Romaihi, Mohamed H Al-Thani, Abdullatif Al-Khal, Roberto Bertollini, Laith J Abu-Raddad
INTRODUCTION: Reinfections are increasingly becoming a feature in the epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, accurately defining reinfection poses methodological challenges. Conventionally, reinfection is defined as a positive test occurring at least 90 days after a previous infection diagnosis. Yet, this extended time window may lead to an underestimation of reinfection occurrences. This study investigated the prospect of adopting an alternative, shorter time window for defining reinfection...
2024: Frontiers in Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529066/phylogeographic-analysis-reveals-extensive-genetic-variation-of-native-grass-elymus-nutans-poaceae-on-the-qinghai-tibetan-plateau
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jin Li, Xinda Li, Changbing Zhang, Qingping Zhou, Shiyong Chen
INTRODUCTION: Elymus nutans holds ecological and pastoral significance due to its adaptability and nutritional value, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is a key hub for its genetic diversity. To conserve and harness its genetic resources in highland ecosystems, a thorough assessment is vital. However, a comprehensive phylogeographic exploration of E. nutans is lacking. The objective of this study was to unravel the genetic diversity, adaptation, and phylogenetics of E. nutans populations...
2024: Frontiers in Plant Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529021/population-genomic-evidence-of-structured-and-connected-plasmodium-vivax-populations-under-host-selection-in-latin-america
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Johanna Helena Kattenberg, Pieter Monsieurs, Julie De Meyer, Katlijn De Meulenaere, Erin Sauve, Thaís C de Oliveira, Marcelo U Ferreira, Dionicia Gamboa, Anna Rosanas-Urgell
Pathogen genomic epidemiology has the potential to provide a deep understanding of population dynamics, facilitating strategic planning of interventions, monitoring their impact, and enabling timely responses, and thereby supporting control and elimination efforts of parasitic tropical diseases. Plasmodium vivax , responsible for most malaria cases outside Africa, shows high genetic diversity at the population level, driven by factors like sub-patent infections, a hidden reservoir of hypnozoites, and early transmission to mosquitoes...
March 2024: Ecology and Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528813/population-pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic-modeling-of-serum-biomarkers-as-predictors-of-tumor-dynamics-following-lenvatinib-treatment-in-patients-with-radioiodine-refractory-differentiated-thyroid-cancer-rr-dtc
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Oneeb Majid, Seiichi Hayato, Sree Harsha Sreerama Reddy, Bojan Lalovic, Taro Hihara, Taisuke Hoshi, Yasuhiro Funahashi, Jagadeesh Aluri, Osamu Takenaka, Sanae Yasuda, Ziad Hussein
Lenvatinib is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors 1-3, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors 1-4, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRα), KIT, and RET that have been implicated in pathogenic angiogenesis, tumor growth, and cancer. The primary objective of this work was to evaluate, by establishing quantitative relationships, whether lenvatinib exposure and longitudinal serum biomarker data (VEGF, Ang-2, Tie-2, and FGF-23) are predictors for change in longitudinal tumor size which was assessed based on data from 558 patients with radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RR-DTC) receiving either lenvatinib or placebo treatment...
March 26, 2024: CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528666/an-outline-of-the-immunogenic-potential-of-progressing-sarscov-2-vaccine-technologies-among-children-and-adolescents
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hytham Ghanem, Shehab Ghanem, Ehsan AlMutawa
BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2, a highly dynamic beta-coronavirus, can afflict all age groups. Notably, over 16100 mortalities have been recorded among children as yet. In this regard, many vaccine projects are operational to assess immuno-potency among young cohorts. A bulk of reports have evidenced the efficacy of these immunization technologies in the elderly population, though the impact is yet to be determined among children. OBJECTIVES: This review is envisioned to outline the current efficacy of contributing vaccine technologies and examine the dose-dependent impact of immunization regimens in lowering the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infections among children and adolescents...
2024: Recent Patents on Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528474/reproductive-factors-and-subsequent-pregnancy-outcomes-in-patients-with-prior-pregnancy-loss
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xin Yang, Fangxiang Mu, Jian Zhang, Liwei Yuan, Wei Zhang, Yanting Yang, Fang Wang
BACKGROUND: At present, individualized interventions can be given to patients with a clear etiology of pregnancy loss to improve the subsequent pregnancy outcomes, but the current reproductive status of the patient cannot be changed. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between female reproductive status and subsequence pregnancy outcome in patients with prior pregnancy loss (PL). METHODS: A prospective, dynamic population cohort study was carried out at the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University...
March 25, 2024: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528345/physical-frailty-trajectories-in-older-stroke-survivors-findings-from-a-national-cohort-study
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wen Zeng, Weijiao Zhou, Junlan Pu, Beibei Tong, Dan Li, Yuanrong Yao, Shaomei Shang
BACKGROUND: Physical frailty (PF) is highly prevalent and associated with undesirable outcomes in stroke survivors aged 65 years or older. However, the long-term trajectories of PF are understudied in those older stroke survivors. AIMS: To identify PF trajectories and relative predictors associated with the PF trajectories in older stroke survivors. DESIGN: This is a secondary analysis of a population-based cohort study in the United States...
March 25, 2024: Journal of Clinical Nursing
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528007/warmer-autumns-and-winters-could-reduce-honey-bee-overwintering-survival-with-potential-risks-for-pollination-services
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kirti Rajagopalan, Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman, Matthew Pruett, Vincent P Jones, Vanessa Corby-Harris, Julien Pireaud, Robert Curry, Brandon Hopkins, Tobin D Northfield
Honey bees and other pollinators are critical for food production and nutritional security but face multiple survival challenges. The effect of climate change on honey bee colony losses is only recently being explored. While correlations between higher winter temperatures and greater colony losses have been noted, the impacts of warmer autumn and winter temperatures on colony population dynamics and age structure as an underlying cause of reduced colony survival have not been examined. Focusing on the Pacific Northwest US, our objectives were to (a) quantify the effect of warmer autumns and winters on honey bee foraging activity, the age structure of the overwintering cluster, and spring colony losses, and (b) evaluate indoor cold storage as a management strategy to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change...
March 25, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527860/fixation-times-of-de-novo-and-standing-beneficial-variants-in-subdivided-populations
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vitor Sudbrack, Charles Mullon
The rate at which beneficial alleles fix in a population depends on the probability of and time to fixation of such alleles. Both of these quantities can be significantly impacted by population subdivision and limited gene flow. Here, we investigate how limited dispersal influences the rate of fixation of beneficial de novo mutations, as well as fixation time from standing genetic variation. We investigate this for a population structured according to the island model of dispersal allowing us to use the diffusion approximation, which we complement with simulations...
March 25, 2024: Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527530/intrarelationships-between-suboptimal-health-status-and-anxiety-symptoms-a-network-analysis
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yangyu Liu, Pu Ge, Xiaoming Zhang, Yunchou Wu, Zhaocai Sun, Qian Bai, Shanshan Jing, Huali Zuo, Pingping Wang, Jinyu Cong, Xiang Li, Kunmeng Liu, Yibo Wu, Benzheng Wei
BACKGROUND: Suboptimal health status is a global public health concern of worldwide academic interest, which is an intermediate health status between health and illness. The purpose of the survey is to investigate the relationship between anxiety statuses and suboptimal health status and to identify the central symptoms and bridge symptoms. METHODS: This study recruited 26,010 participants aged <60 from a cross-sectional study in China in 2022. General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and suboptimal health status short form (SHSQ-9) were used to quantify the levels of anxiety and suboptimal health symptoms, respectively...
March 23, 2024: Journal of Affective Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527524/treatment-response-and-clinical-event-free-survival-in-autoimmune-hepatitis-a-canadian-multicentre-cohort-study
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christina G Plagiannakos, Gideon M Hirschfield, Ellina Lytvyak, Surain B Roberts, Marwa Ismail, Aliya F Gulamhusein, Nazia Selzner, Karim M Qumosani, Lawrence Worobetz, Julian Hercun, Catherine Vincent, Jennifer A Flemming, Mark G Swain, Angela Cheung, Tianyan Chen, Dusanka Grbic, Kevork Peltekain, Andrew L Mason, Aldo J Montano-Loza, Bettina E Hansen
BACKGROUND & AIMS: We sought to identify predictors of outcome for people living with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). METHODS: We evaluated the clinical course of people with AIH across 11 Canadian centres. Biochemical changes were analysed using linear mixed-effect and logistic regression. Clinical outcome was dynamically modelled using time-varying Cox proportional hazard modelling and landmark analysis. RESULTS: In 691 patients (median age 49 years, 75...
March 23, 2024: Journal of Hepatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527496/increased-density-of-conspecifics-caused-niche-contraction-in-a-multispecific-passerine-assemblage
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Adrián Barrero, Juan Traba, Rocío Tarjuelo
Competition is a prominent mechanism driving population dynamics and structuring community assemblage, which can be investigated by linking shifts in species' ecological niche and the densities of sympatric species because the ecological release from competitive constraints is a density-dependent process. In this work we determine how a steppe passerine community segregates their ecological niches and evaluate the role of competition in inducing changes in the ecological niche of species. We built multidimensional ecological niches (with Gaussian kernel density estimators) using data on the habitat features used by 10 bird species collected from seven sites in the natural steppes of Central Spain over 2 consecutive years...
March 25, 2024: Ecology
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