Infectious desease

INTRODUCTION: The early identification of factors that predict the length of hospital stay (HS) in patients affected by coronavirus desease (COVID-19) might assist therapeutic decisions and patient flow management. METHODOLOGY: We collected, at the time of admission, routine clinical, laboratory, and imaging parameters of hypoxia, lung damage, inflammation, and organ dysfunction in a consecutive series of 50 COVID-19 patients admitted to the Respiratory Disease and Infectious Disease Units of the University Hospital of Sassari (North-Sardinia, Italy) and alive on discharge...

OBJECTIVE: To carry out a scoping review of the meta-analyses published regarding about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), evaluating their main characteristics, publication trends and methodological quality. METHODS: A bibliometric search was performed in PubMed®, Scopus and Web of Science, focusing on meta-analyses about COVID-2019 disease. Bibliometric and descriptive data for the included articles were extracted and the methodological quality of the included meta-analyses was evaluated using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews...

Airway examination procedures can potentially transmit infectious diseases to patients and to the health care professionals who perform them via various mechanisms. The COVID-19 pandemic has halted most of the activity of the clinics and laboratories involved in assessment of lung and nasal function, and clear recommendations in this regard have been made. Today, we still do not know for sure what its consequences will be in the short or long term, since important gaps remain in our knowledge of aspects as fundamental as virus transmission mechanisms, pathophysiology, immune response, and diagnosis...

Shyphilis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Treponema Pallidum bacteria. Syphilis is most commonly spread through sexual activity, by direct contact with the inoculation point of the spirochete. It has been demonstrated that the desease is more prevalent in men who have sex with men. In primary syphilis, the chancre appears 2-3 weeks after the initial exposure mostly in genitals, but also in oral cavity, pharynx or anus. Secondary syphilis is a systemic disease. It occurs weeks or months later in about 25% of people with primary syphilis that has not been treated...

Opportunistic infections (OIs) are the most significant complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The prevalence of OIs differs among various countries in part due to different climates and socio-economic conditions. We, therefore, carried out the retrospective study at the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Sichuan to comprehensively investigate the prevalence of OIs, predictors of OIs, and risk factors for in-hospital death among HIV-infected patients. Sichuan in West China is characterized by the largest population living with HIV/Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) across China...

Prion diseases were first discovered by Stanley B. Prusiner who defined prions as infectious, transmissible proteinaceous particles that lack nucleic acid and are composed exclusively of a modified isoform of the noninfectious cellular prion protein (PrPC). These are incurable neurodegenerative conditions affecting both animals and humans. They may be sporadic, infectious or inherited in origin. Human prion diseases include Creutzfeldt-Jakob desease (CJD), Gerstmann- Straussler-Scheinker disease, Kuru and Fatal familial insomnia...

UNLABELLED: Human bacterial infections are still a major public health problem throughout the world. Therefore it is fundamental to understand how pathogenic bacteria interact with their human host and to develop more advanced drugs or vaccines in response to the increasing bacterial resistance. Since iron is essential to bacterial survival and growth inside the host tissues, these microorganisms have developed highly efficient iron-acquisition systems; the most common one involves the secretion of iron chelators into the extracellular environment, known as siderophores, and the corresponding siderophore-membrane receptors or transporters responsible for the iron uptake...

In 1757, Struensee (1737-1772) graduated in medicine at Halle-Saale university, as his father a high dignitary in the lutherian church was, and supported by the presence of his grand-father the physician and scientist Samuel Carl. The family moved to Altona where he was nominated as physician in the city council. Then he largely dealt with medical and social items, for orphans and disabled, and attempted to prevent infectious deseases, small pox, typhus, scabies ans dysenteric syndroms. For sure when he practised his investigations on water samples with microscopy, Struensee acted as a pioneer to suspect microrganisms to be responsible for infectious diseases...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of echinococcosis in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province since the implementation of the echinococcosis control project from Sepical Funds for Central Government Subsidies to Local Public Health (2007-2011). METHODS: Eight counties of Hezuo, Lintan, Zhuoni, Luqu, Maqu, Xiahe, Zhouqu, and Diebu were selected as survey sites. The prevalence in the sampled population was investigated by B ultrasound examination...

The rare combination of intestinal lymphangiectasia with malrotation of the duodenum in a child of three months of life is described. Basing on the literature review only 3 similar cases were described in the world practice. The boy with protein-losing enteropathy was examined at Moscow Scientific Centre of Children's Health. The child had vomiting, diarrhea, loss in body weight, hypoproteinemia, lymphopenia. The infectious nature of the disease was excluded. It had been suggested the Waldman desease (primary intestinal lymphangiectasia)...

IgG is the main immunoglobulin, brings the immunolgic effects in body. The human IgG can be divided into four kinds; IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, respectively. The structures of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4 are different, therefore, their functions are also different. The defects, increase or imbalance of the IgG subtypes in autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, cancer and other diseases are indicators of the immune response. IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 also play a different important roles in the disease progress. The analysis of IgG subtypes is beneficial to study the etiology, pathogenesis and prognosis of above menthioned deseases...

BACKGROUND: The spread of an infectious disease is determined by biological and social factors. Models based on cellular automata are adequate to describe such natural systems consisting of a massive collection of simple interacting objects. They characterize the time evolution of the global system as the emergent behaviour resulting from the interaction of the objects, whose behaviour is defined through a set of simple rules that encode the individual behaviour and the transmission dynamic...

The novel combination of an electrochemiluminescent label used in a magnetic microparticle-based immunoassay format defines a significantly improved level of immunodiagnostic performance. The main advantages of electrochemiluminescent immunoassays are high sensitivity, extended linearity of signal response together with speed of signal generation and measurement. These attributes in conjunction with fully automated random access analyser lead to superior level of user convenience and clinical application. Electrochmemiluminescence has been applied today to a wide range of analytes of biological interest including thyroid and fertility hormones, infectious desease, as well as various markers of cardiac, malignant and auto immune disease...

The classification of neotropical primates has been controversial, and different arrangements have been proposed based on disparate taxonomic criteria and on the traits selected for elucidating phylogenetic reconstructions, like morphologic characters, nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA. Population studies of some neotropical primates have been useful for assessing their extant genetic variability and for understanding their social structure and dynamics. Finally, neotropical primates have become valuable models for some human infectious deseases, especially for HIV studies related to viral resistance...

INTRODUCTION: Infectious diseases are a part of the history of this region. Devastating epidemics of plague, smallpox, and cholera were frequent during the 18th and the 19th centuries. Other infectious diseases were a serious problem as well: alimentary tract infections, scarlet fever, diphtheria, whooping cough. Geographic position, climate, migrations, as well as the tradition and lack of medical staff and medications, affected the frequency and outcome of infections. THE HISTORY OF THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES: Patients with infectious diseases were first treated at home...

INTRODUCTION: The most common presenting features of multiple myeloma are bone pain, anemia, renal failure or hypercalcemia. Bacterial infection as the initial presentation of this desease is rare. CLINICAL CASE: We report the case of a 62-year-old man with pneumococcal septic arthritis of the knee revealing a multiple myeloma. DISCUSSION: Pneumococcal infection should lead to a suspicion of underlying illness and especially the multiple myeloma...

A 22-year-old man was admitted to the department of pediatrics of our institute in February 2005, because of pulmonary aspergillosis. He had been diagnosed as hyper immunoglobulin-E syndrome in infancy, and repeated pulmonary infectious desease, such as pulmonary aspergillosis. He received art of right upper lobectomy by pulmonary aspergillosis at the age of 17. In February 2005, he had hemosputum and the chest X-ray showed a giant cavity with niveau in the right lung. In spite of medical treatment by antibiotics and antimycotics, the lesion rapidly increased in size...

Leishmaniasis is a zoonosis caused by an intracellular parasite belonging to the genus Leishmania. In Europe, Africa, South America and China, visceral leishmaniasis is caused by L. infantum. The vectors of leishmaniasis are phlebotomine sandflies belonging to the genera Phlebotomus. According to the World Health Organization there are 2 million new cases each year and 1/10 of the world's population is at risk of infection. Leishmaniasis is considered a zoonosis and human are generally accidental hosts. The animal reservoir includes rodents, dog and other mammals...

INTRODUCTION: Buruli ulcer is the most common mycobacteria disease after leprosy and tuberculosis. The purpose of our study is to make our contribution to the surgical treatment of Buruli ulcer and to asses our results. METHOD: One hundred eighteen patients presenting progressive Buruli ulcers were operated on. The surgical procedure included excisions for necrotic lesions and grafts for clean wounds. The results were estimated on the time of hospitalization and appearance of complications...

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