Acute retina necrosis

BACKGROUND: The present study reports the functional and anatomical outcomes of eyes with acute retinal necrosis(ARN). METHODS: This is a retrospective case series conducted at a tertiary Eye Hospital from March 2015 to March 2020. Medical records of patients with clinical and laboratorial-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-diagnosis of ARN were reviewed. To identify factors related to the outcomes of visual acuity(VA) and retinal detachment (RD) over time, Cox proportional hazards regression modeling and survival analyses were used...

PURPOSE: To explore the possibility of using glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) as a new treatment for neuroinflammation, by analyzing retinal pathological changes in an optic nerve crush rat model. METHODS: Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into lixisenatide (LIX, n = 10), traumatic control (T-CON, n = 10), and normal control (n = 5) groups. The optic nerves of left eyes in the LIX and T-CON groups were crushed in a standardized manner...

SIGNIFICANCE: Acute retinal necrosis is a rare, sight-threatening condition typically found in immunocompromised patients and is most commonly caused by varicella zoster virus. Because of the poor prognosis and rapid progression of the disease course, prompt antiviral management is paramount. PURPOSE: A case report of acute retinal necrosis in a patient with herpes virus infection after a cervical epidural corticosteroid injection was performed. Extensive laboratory work and frequent follow-ups are necessary for management...

Birdshot chorioretinopathy is an immune-mediated ocular inflammatory disease of the retina. We report a case of birdshot chorioretinopathy in one eye following progressive retinal necrosis caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV) in the contralateral eye. A 79-year-old female patient complained of decreased vision due to anterior chamber inflammation and vitreous opacity in the left eye starting 10 days earlier. Acute retinal necrosis was suspected and polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed using the anterior chamber aqueous...

Purpose: To report the demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of ocular syphilis based on a 6-year case series study from an eye center in East-China. Methods: A total of 131 cases (191 eyes) of ocular syphilis and the annual number of total syphilis cases from January 2016 to December 2021, were included in this study. Detailed medical records including systemic and ophthalmic medical history, a complete ophthalmic examination, color fundus photography, B-type ultrasound, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), laboratory tests of the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, as well as visual field test and orbital or cranial MRI in cases with suspected optic neuritis or optic atrophy, were collected and analyzed...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical features, operative techniques, and surgical outcomes of patients who underwent surgery for acute retinal necrosis (ARN)-related retinal detachment (RD). DESIGN: Retrospective, longitudinal, consecutive case series. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with polymerase chain reaction-positive ARN presenting from 2011 to 2021 who underwent vitreoretinal surgery for ARN-related RD at our institution. METHODS: Univariate, multivariate, and survival analyses were used to determine predictors of anatomic and functional outcomes...

BACKGROUND: Retinal detachment is a severe complication of acute retinal necrosis, threatening vision. The published articles on the effectiveness of laser in preventing retinal detachment in acute retinal necrosis are controversial. Therefore, we aim to evaluate whether prophylactic laser is effective for retinal detachment after acute retinal necrosis. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched, and the retrieved records were screened. Each included study has well-defined laser-treated group and control group without laser treatment or with enough data for manual grouping...

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore clinical features, diagnostic work-up, treatment, and outcomes of pediatric patients with acute retinal necrosis (ARN), and to propose a standardized management of this condition in childhood. METHODS: Clinical manifestations, diagnostic work-up, and treatment of three pediatric cases with ARN were analyzed. Furthermore, a review of the literature was performed from January 1990 to November 2021, focused on 1) clinical presentation; 2) differential diagnosis, including both infectious and non-infectious conditions; 3) key role of diagnostic techniques; and 4) currently available treatments...

PURPOSE: Retinal detachment (RD) is associated with poor visual outcomes in patients with acute retinal necrosis (ARN). This research was undertaken to assess the risk factors for RD in ARN. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SUBJECTS: Patients diagnosed with ARN at a tertiary referral center from 2010 to 2020. METHODS: A chart review was performed for all clinical and surgical encounters. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses of demographic and clinical variables associated with RD were performed...

PURPOSE: To report the efficacy of anti-tumor necrosis factor α (anti-TNFα) on autoimmune-mediated macular cone dysfunction in a Japanese woman with ulcerative colitis (UC). OBSERVATIONS: A 41-year-old woman presented with bilateral visual acuity loss and photophobia. She suffered from UC, and had been treated with prednisolone and 5-aminosalicylate since age 37. Although fundus photographs and optic coherence tomography images were unremarkable, electroretinograms (ERGs) were abnormal...

Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a rare ocular emergency caused mainly by viral entities. ARN may be caused by Herpes zoster virus (HZV) and Herpes simplex virus (HSV), both HSV-1 and HSV-2. ARN mostly present in 20-60 years old immunocompetent adults. A 7-year-old girl presented to the eye clinic with complaints of left eye redness noted by her mother for 2-3 days. On examination with indirect ophthalmoscopy, no hypopyon was seen in either eye. In the left eye fundus view was hazy. Ultrasound B-scan performed showed exudative retinal detachment...

PURPOSE: To report a case of acute retinal necrosis (ARN) after receiving COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS: A case report. RESULTS: A 78-year-old man complained of blurred vision and floaters in the right eye 2 days after receiving BNT162b2 mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine and was referred to our hospital with worsening visual acuity after 7 days. He had no systemic symptoms and no history of systemic diseases. Ophthalmic examination revealed white-yellowish placoid lesions spreading to the entire circumference of the retina, and temporal and upper lesions extending to the posterior pole, although anterior inflammation and vitreous opacity were mild...

Acute retinal necrosis normally occurs at the periphery retina and gradually merges and progresses to the posterior pole. Optic neuropathy and central retinal artery occlusion as initial manifestation is very rare. We report the case of a patient with optic neuropathy and central retinal vessels as the first manifestations of acute retinal necrosis. Antiviral drugs, corticosteroids, and drugs that improve blood circulation were given. The necrotic retina and swollen optic disc disappeared gradually. However, the final vision of this eye declined to no light perception...

Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is an inflammatory syndrome of high clinical concern; untreated or misdiagnosed cases may progress to optic neuropathy or retinal detachment, leading to irreversible blindness. ARN affects men and women equally and is often seen in immunocompromised patients but is also known to present in immunocompetent patients. It is usually due to systemic viral infection with secondary vitreoretinal inflammation. Most commonly, the first-line management of ARN is oral or intravenous antiviral therapy...

BACKGROUND: Acute retinal necrosis is considered a rare infectious uveitis. This condition is usually caused by varicella-zoster virus or herpes simplex virus. Acute retinal necrosis caused by co-infection with multiple viruses is extremely rare. Herein, we report a case of acute retinal necrosis caused by co-infection with herpes simplex virus (type I and II) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in a natalizumab-treated patient due to multiple sclerosis. CASE PRESENTATION: An adult man presented with a complaint of decreased vision of the right eye from 12 days ago...

BACKGROUND: To present a series of acute central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) cases showing internal limiting membrane detachment (ILMD) on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to describe the possible etiopathogenesis and outcomes associated with it. METHODS: Demographic and OCT features of patients with acute CRAO were analysed retrospectively. OCT parameters noted were posterior vitreous opacities, ILMD, inner retinal layer stratification, hyperreflectivity and thickening, cystoid macular edema, neurosensory detachment...

Uncontrolled inflammation is associated with neurodegenerative conditions in central nervous system tissues, including the retina and brain. We previously found that the neural retina (NR) plays an important role in retinal immunity. Tumor necrosis factor Receptor-Associated Factor 3 (TRAF3) is a known immune regulator expressed in the retina; however, whether TRAF3 regulates retinal immunity is unknown. We have generated the first conditional NR- Traf3 knockout mouse model ( Chx10 -Cre/ Traf3 f/f ) to enable studies of neuronal TRAF3 function...

BACKGROUND: Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine released from activated retinal glial cells in glaucoma. Here, we investigated how TNF-α induces retinal ganglion cell (RGC) hyperexcitability and injury. METHODS: Whole-cell patch-clamp techniques were performed to explore changes in spontaneous firing and evoked action potentials, and Na+ currents in RGCs...

PURPOSE: To raise awareness of ophthalmologists that Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) retinitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of retinitis that presents with features of progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN) in healthy immunocompetent patients. OBSERVATIONS: Case 1 is a 39-year-old healthy Caucasian male who presented after one week of decreased vision in the left eye. Patient was found to have optic disc edema and multifocal retinitis primarily localized to the posterior pole with only a few lesions in the periphery and minimal vitritis...

PURPOSE: To investigate differences in outcomes of acute retinal necrosis with confirmed viral polymerase chain reaction between viral types and highlight different treatment options. METHODS: The study evaluated 22 eyes in 18 patients of polymerase chain reaction-positive acute retinal necrosis at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center from 2007 to 2018. Outcome measures included final visual acuity, treatment paradigms, and retinal detachment rate. RESULTS: Eight eyes were polymerase chain reaction-positive for varicella zoster virus, two eyes for herpes simplex virus Type 1 (HSV-1), and 12 eyes for herpes simplex virus Type 2 (HSV-2)...