VZV meningitis

Clinical features applicable to the entire spectrum of viral meningitis are limited, and prognostic factors for adverse outcomes are undetermined. This nationwide population-based prospective cohort study included all adults with presumed and microbiologically confirmed viral meningitis in Denmark from 2015 until 2020. Prognostic factors for an unfavourable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 1-4) 30 days after discharge were examined by modified Poisson regression. In total, 1066 episodes of viral meningitis were included, yielding a mean annual incidence of 4...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the immune changes in patients with varicella-zoster virus (VZV) encephalitis/meningitis and explored their relationships with prognosis. METHODS: A total of 129 patients with herpes zoster (HZ), 32 patients with VZV encephalitis/meningitis and 31 non-HZ and non-VZV people as healthy controls were included into the present study. The numbers of peripheral T lymphocytes and the serum levels of complements 3 (C3), complements 4 (C4) and immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) were detected and compared among groups...

Acute neurologic complications from Varicella-Zoster-Virus reactivation occur in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. In this report, we describe a case of a previously healthy immunocompetent boy who had received two doses of varicella vaccine at 1 and 4 years. At the age of 12 he developed acute aseptic meningitis caused by vaccine-type varicella-zoster-virus without concomitant skin eruptions. VZV-vaccine strain DNA was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid. The patient made a full recovery after receiving intravenous acyclovir therapy...

Cryptococcal neoformans (C. neoformans) and varicella-zoster (VZV) meningitis are opportunistic infections that are primarily seen in immunocompromised patients, including those with HIV, cancer, or receiving transplants. Despite treatment, infection in immunocompromised patients can be lethal, including those with T-cell dysfunction or deficiency. Whether innate immunodeficiencies also predispose to these infections remains less clear. Here, we report a case of disseminated C. neoformans and VZV meningitis in a young male with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome and hypocomplementemia and no history of HIV infection, malignancy, or transplant...

Kidney transplant recipients develop atypical infections in their epidemiology, presentation and outcome. Among these, meningitis and meningoencephalitis require urgent and adapted anti-infectious therapy, but published data is scarce in KTRs. The aim of this study was to describe their epidemiology, presentation and outcome, in order to improve their diagnostic and management. We performed a retrospective, multicentric cohort study in 15 French hospitals that included all 199 cases of M/ME in KTRs between 2007 and 2018 (0...

BACKGROUND: Ramsay-Hunt syndrome (RHS) due to varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection is commonly reported in individuals aged at least 50 years or immunocompromised individuals. VZV infection may invade the central nervous system (CNS) and cause meningitis or encephalitis, which are more likely to occur in patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes and chronic renal failure. However, cases with VZV-induced concurrent RHS and CNS infections are rare. CASE PRESENTATION: Two young male patients, aged 32 and 43 years, with no underlying disease developed VZV meningitis, followed by RHS involving cranial nerves VII and VIII...

BACKGROUND: Mpox (formerly monkeypox) is an emerging zoonotic disease of public health concern that presents as a rash mimicking other common viral exanthems. Unlike traditional testing algorithms relying on several assays, the BioFire FilmArray meningitis/encephalitis (ME) panel simultaneously detects common viruses causing rashes; however, Biofire ME is only licensed for testing on cerebral spinal fluid. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated use of the Biofire ME panel for detection and discrimination of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), varicella zoster virus (VZV), human herpesviruses type 6 (HHV-6), enteroviruses (EVs), and human paraechoviruses (HPeVs) from a dermal or mucocutaneous swabs collected in universal transport media (UTM)...

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a well-known organism that can be part of the normal gastrointestinal and genital tract flora. However, it can cause various infections, mostly in neonates, pregnant women, and patients with predisposing factors. Meningitis caused by GBS, though common in neonates, is uncommon in adults, especially those with no previous health issues. Here, we present an unusual case of GBS meningitis in a 22-year-old previously healthy man. He came to the emergency room with complaints of acute headache and an altered level of consciousness, and his cerebrospinal fluid analysis was consistent with bacterial meningitis due to Streptococcus agalactiae ...

Mollaret meningitis is a recurrent aseptic meningitis mostly caused by herpes simplex virus type 2. Other causes of the disease rarely exist, and its pathology is not well understood. Herein, we present a 57-year-old man who had been admitted to our hospital eight times with recurrent aseptic meningitis. Although the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) was not detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), his genetic analysis, measurement of anti-VZV immunoglobulin-G (IgG) in the CSF, the VZV IgG index, IgG in the serum, and interleukin-1 beta in the CSF revealed that the Mollaret meningitis had been caused by the VZV...

Herpesviruses have complex mechanisms enabling infection of the human CNS and evasion of the immune system, allowing for indefinite latency in the host. Herpesvirus infections can cause severe complications of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we provide a novel characterization of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomes from patients with meningitis or encephalitis caused by human herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), which is the most prevalent human herpesvirus associated with the most severe morbidity. The CSF proteome was compared with those from patients with meningitis or encephalitis due to human herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) or varicella-zoster virus (VZV, also known as human herpesvirus 3) infections...

Although varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is known to affect the central nervous system in a protean manner, hemorrhagic VZV meningitis has not been well documented in the literature. Here, we correlate the clinical, cytologic, and radiologic findings in an immunocompromised patient presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with VZV meningitis. Clinical findings included multidermatomal zoster, myelitis, and neurapraxia. Magnetic resonance imaging findings included superficial siderosis and diffused linear and nodular leptomeningeal enhancement...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the bacterial and viral causes of central nervous system (CNS) infection by multiplex PCR. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Medical Microbiology, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey, from March 2016 to December 2021. METHODOLOGY: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of patients prediagnosed with CNS infection were included in the study. Viral pathogens were detected with the Multiplex real-time PCR panel (FTD Neuro9, Fast Track Diagnostics, Luxembourg) and bacterial pathogens with the multiplex real-time PCR panel (FTD Bacterial Meningitis, Fast Track Diagnostics, Luxembourg)...

An 82-year-old Japanese woman without underlying disease was admitted to our hospital 3 days after she noticed lower-limb weakness. At presentation, she had lower-leg motor paralysis with mild upper-limb paresis and left Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings revealed moderate pleocytosis. A polymerase chain reaction for varicella zoster virus (VZV) DNA in CSF was positive. MRI using 3D Nerve-VIEW (Philips) and contrast T1 images showed high-intensity lesions on the L2-5 and S1-2 spinal roots...

INTRODUCTION: At the beginning of the coronavirus virus (COVID-19) pandemic, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) was thought to cause mainly respiratory symptoms, largely sparing the brain and the rest of the nervous system. However, as the knowledge about COVID-19 infection progresses and the number of COVID19-related neurological manifestations reports increases, neurotropism and neuroinvasion were finally recognized as major features of the SARS-CoV-2. Neurological manifestations involving the central nervous system are sparse, ranging from headaches, drowsiness, and neurovascular attacks to seizures and encephalitis [1]...

OBJECTIVES: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is one of the most common etiologies of viral meningitis/encephalitis. The early clinical manifestations and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) changes of VZV meningitis/encephalitis lack specificity, and it is easy to be misdiagnosed as other viral encephalitides or tuberculous meningitis. This study aims to investigate whether the clinical characteristics, CSF analysis findings, and CSF cytokine levels could distinguish VZV meningitis/encephalitis from central nervous system (CNS) herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( MTB ) infections...

INTRODUCTION: Aseptic meningitis can occur from different types of infections of which viral etiologies are the most common. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) nowadays is considered a familiar entity of aseptic meningitis. However, it is usually reported in immunocompromised patients. For cases of VZV meningitis that are observed, a rash has been noted before the onset of meningitis or sometimes after it. Clinical Case. We present an uncommon case of VZV meningitis in an 18-year-old immunocompetent male who did not have a rash on presentation and did not develop one during his course either...

Diagnosis of viral meningitis (VM) is uncommon practice in Sudan and there is no local viral etiological map. We therefore intended to differentiate VM using standardized clinical codes and determine the involvement of herpes simplex virus types-1 and 2 (HSV-1/2), varicella zoster virus, non-polio human enteroviruses (HEVs), and human parechoviruses in meningeal infections in children in Sudan. This is a cross-sectional hospital-based study. Viral meningitis was differentiated in 503 suspected febrile attendee of Omdurman Hospital for Children following the criteria listed in the Clinical Case Definition for Aseptic/Viral Meningitis...

BACKGROUND: . The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) is the United States national passive vaccine safety surveillance system. We updated the data on the safety of single-antigen varicella vaccine (VAR) and assessed the safety of combination measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine (MMRV) licensed in the United States using VAERS data. METHODS: US VAERS reports received after administration of VAR and MMRV during 2006-2020 were identified. Reports were analyzed by vaccine type, age, seriousness, most common adverse events (AEs), and concomitant vaccines...

OBJECTIVE: Meningitis and encephalitis are neurological emergencies requiring rapid diagnosis and treatment. The performance of the FilmArray® Meningitis/Encephalitis (ME) panel, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction test, and conventional methods for diagnosing meningitis and encephalitis was compared. METHODS: This retrospective study assessed 20 patients diagnosed with meningitis or encephalitis according to clinical symptoms and laboratory examination findings between January 2018 and December 2019...

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is known to causes various inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) such as encephalitis, meningitis, and myelitis. Similar to the varicella rashes, these conditions are associated with the reactivation of VZV. Ganglionitis and vasculitis, in particular, may be linked to the pathogenesis of VZV infection in the CNS. This review provides an overview of the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of VZV infection in the CNS based on its distinct pathophysiology...