Dysphagia head neck tumors treatment

IMPORTANCE: Patients with unknown primary squamous cell carcinoma (CUP) with cervical metastases typically receive comprehensive radiotherapy (RT) of the pharynx and bilateral neck. Typically, these patients receive comprehensive RT of the pharynx and bilateral neck that may produce treatment-related toxic effects. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether localization of occult oropharyngeal cancers with transoral robotic surgery (TORS) combined with reduced pharyngeal and neck RT volumes provides acceptable disease control...

Liposarcomas, malignant adipocytic tumors, primarily manifest in the lower extremities and retroperitoneum, with a strikingly low incidence in the head and neck region. Symptomatology typically remains absent until the tumor attains significant size, leading to cosmetic concerns or compression-related complications. This report presents a unique case of well-differentiated retropharyngeal liposarcoma in an 81-year-old male, emphasizing diagnostic challenges, management strategies, and the crucial role of Mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis in confirmation...

BACKGROUND: Although radiotherapy is commonly used to treat head and neck cancer, it may lead to radiation-associated dysphagia (RAD). There are various causes of RAD, however, the mechanism has not yet been fully identified. Currently, the only effective treatment for RAD is rehabilitation. Additionally, there are few available animal models of RAD, necessitating the development of new models to establish and evaluate RAD treatments. We hypothesize that radiation-induced neck muscle fibrosis could be one of the causes of RAD due to impairment of laryngeal elevation...

BACKGROUND: Dysphagia, with its negative impact on life expectancy and quality of life, is a major side effect of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In a typical Head and Neck Cancer Center, more than half of patients are affected. Improving treatment, and ideally prevention respectively prehabilitation, therefore seems more than desirable. METHODS: The study is planned as a monocentric, prospective, outcome-blinded, randomized interventional study comparing an advanced phoniatric-logopedic prehabilitation with a control (standard of care)...

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most predominant type of malignancy in the head and neck region with neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) being a rare occurrence. Here we report a rare case of small cell non-keratinizing NEC (WHO grade 3), TNM (tumor, node, and metastasis) stage T3N1M0, involving the larynx and the base of the tongue, in a 54-year-old male patient, demonstrating its rarity in an uncommon anatomical site and an aggressive and relatively uncommon pattern of spread for this tumor, over a period of two months...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the oncological results and the functional outcomes of patients undergoing Total Laryngectomy (TL) with the non-surgical treatment (organ preservation protocol) in the treatment of advanced laryngeal carcinomas through systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: A literature survey strategy was employed in order to perform a systematic review of the available evidence. Success rate and functional outomes after oncological treatment of patients with advanced laryngeal carcinomas was evaluated through systematic review and metanalysis, comparing TL and organ preservation protocol...

The diagnostic efficacy of the water swallow test (WST) is relatively robust for patients with neurogenic dysphagia; however, its diagnostic performance in identifying dysphagia among patients with HNC varies across studies. Our study aims to assess the diagnostic value of the WST for detecting dysphagia in patients with HNC. Systematic retrieval of studies on the use of WST for screening dysphagia in patients with HNC from databases up to August 1, 2023. Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool...

Background and Objectives : Paragangliomas of the head and neck are rare neuroendocrine tumors originating from the paraganglia, which might be sympathetic or parasympathetic. Laryngeal paragangliomas are the rarest subtype of these tumors, with only 1.41% of all paragangliomas, arising from the supraglottic or subglottic paraganglia of the larynx. The vast majority of them are benign, but there are some cases in which they turn out to be malignant, and the only way to know with certainty the difference between them is when we identify distant metastases...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors that primarily arise in the adrenal gland. Head and neck paragangliomas comprise approximately 3% of all extra-adrenal paragangliomas, with a majority of those being found in the carotid body. Recurrent laryngeal nerve paragangliomas are exceedingly rare, with only 2 reported cases found in literature review. Here, we will present the third. CASE REPORT: The patient is a 46-year-old woman with a history of a right thyroid nodule that had been previously biopsied benign with "paucity of diagnostic material...

PURPOSE: Our purpose was to compare robust intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) plans, automatically generated with wish-list-based multicriterial optimization as implemented in Erasmus-iCycle, with manually created robust clinical IMPT plans for patients with head and neck cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Thirty-three patients with head and neck cancer were retrospectively included. All patients were previously treated with a manually created IMPT plan with 7000 cGy dose prescription to the primary tumor (clinical target volume [CTV]7000) and 5425 cGy dose prescription to the bilateral elective volumes (CTV5425)...

PURPOSE: Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are the third most commonly treated cancer with radiation in Ethiopia. Most patients present with advanced stage and are not candidates for curative treatment. The objective of our study is to assess the outcome of hypofractionated palliative radiotherapy (RT) for advanced HNCs in a resource-limited setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with histology-proven advanced HNC candidates for hypofractionated palliative RT were enrolled...

PURPOSE: Treatment de-intensification for p16 + oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is an area of active research to reduce the side effects and improve patients' quality of life (QoL). In this paper we evaluated the Overall Survival (OS), the Disease-Free Survival (DFS) and the QoL of patients affected by p16 + OPSCC according to their prognostic stage group (PSG) and different treatments. METHODS: Patients were selected retrospectively through our Electronic Tumor Board Database according to prespecified inclusion criteria...

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is linked to significant morbidity, adversely affecting survival and functional capacity. Post-treatment challenges such as pain, dysphonia, and dysphagia are common, prompting increased attention in survivorship research. Quality of Life (QoL) questionnaires, especially the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI), are prevalent outcome measures in clinical studies but often lack parallel objective swallowing function evaluations, leading to potential outcome discrepancies...

In the present case report, a patient with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) developed a second primary tumor in the tongue at the same time. Stage III middle esophageal SCC was discovered in a 60-year-old Caucasian male patient who was institutionalized, a smoker, and had previously struggled with alcoholism. Following treatment, the patient was admitted to the hospital for 15 days due to dysphagia and malnutrition. According to him, he had mouth pain while in the hospital. An intraoral examination revealed tooth mobility, bacterial plaque, dental calculus, and a 1...

Despite advances in head and neck cancer treatment, virtually all patients experience chemoradiation-induced toxicities. Oral mucositis (OM) and dysphagia are among the most prevalent and have a systemic impact on patients, hampering treatment outcome and harming quality of life. Accurate prediction of severe cases is crucial for improving management strategies and, ultimately, patient outcomes. This scoping review comprehensively maps the reported predictors and critically evaluates the performance, methodology, and reporting of predictive models for these conditions...

INTRODUCTION: Oligometastatic disease (OMD) is a metastatic stage that could benefit maximally from local therapies. Patients in this state have a better prognosis relative to those with disseminated metastases. Stereotactic radiotherapy provides a non-invasive ablative tool for primary malignant tumors and metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched our register for patients with oligometastatic or recurrent head and neck cancer (OMD/R-HNC) who received stereotactic radiotherapy to manage their OMD/R...

Dysphagia is a disease resulting from preparatory or transport disorder of the swallowing process and it is divided into oropharyngeal and esophageal phases according to the site of the lesion. The ear, nose and throat assessment focuses on the oropharyngeal phase, but differential diagnosis, investigation, and treatment of the cause of dysphagia is often a complex task requiring multidisciplinary approach and collaboration. The method of fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) has been introduced at the Department of Ear, Nose and Throat and Head-Neck Surgery, University of Szeged, enabling the examination of otorhinolaryngological and neurological disorders of swallowing as well as objective analysis of patients' swallowing quality...

Pleomorphic adenomas are the most commonly presented salivary gland tumor; however, exact etiologies are unknown. We present a systemic review investigating the demographics, clinical presentations, characteristics, and anatomical locations of oral cavity pleomorphic adenoma. Three electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus) and one search engine (Google Scholar) were used to identify studies published in English with no restrictions on the year of publication up to the first week of August 2022. Studies retrieved from the literature involved clinical presentations, characteristics, and anatomical locations of oral cavity pleomorphic adenoma, data presented as frequencies and percentages...

BACKGROUND: Giant cell tumors (GCTs) are typically found in the long bones but can also occur in the head and neck region. GCT of the larynx is a rare entity with only 42 reported cases in the international literature. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge this is the largest laryngeal GCT reported in the literature to date. GCT of the larynx can present with dysphonia, dyspnea, and/or dysphagia and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a neck mass. PATIENT AND METHODS: A38-year-old man presented with complaints of mass in the neck with dysphonia and dysphagia...

Schwannomas are benign tumors originating from Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. They mostly occur in the head and neck region but are rare in the larynx, and present with various symptoms. Surgical removal is the recommended treatment. This study presents a 12-year-old female with sudden onset hemoptysis, snoring, difficulty breathing, dysphagia, and voice changes. On examination, she was conscious and had muffled voice while speaking, without signs of respiratory distress. Endoscopic laryngoscopy revealed a large laryngeal mass obstructing the vocal cords...