Post prandial lipemia

Primary and secondary bile acids (BAs) influence metabolism and inflammation, and the gut microbiome modulates levels of BAs. We systematically explore the host genetic, gut microbial, and habitual dietary contribution to a panel of 19 serum and 15 stool BAs in two population-based cohorts (TwinsUK, n = 2,382; ZOE PREDICT-1, n = 327) and assess changes post-bariatric surgery and after nutritional interventions. We report that BAs have a moderately heritable genetic component, and the gut microbiome accurately predicts their levels in serum and stool...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) is a widely known player in triglyceride metabolism, and it has been recently recognized as a polyhedric factor which may regulate several pathways beyond lipid metabolism by influencing cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurological disease risk. This review summarizes the different functions of ApoC-III and underlines the recent findings related to its multifaceted pathophysiological role. RECENT FINDINGS: The role of ApoC-III has been implicated in HDL metabolism and in the development of atherosclerosis, inflammation, and ER stress in endothelial cells...

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-membrane resident protein that inserts a double bond into saturated fatty acids, converting them into their monounsaturated counterparts. Previous studies have demonstrated an important role for SCD1 in modulating tissue and systemic health. Specifically, lack of hepatic or cutaneous SCD1 results in significant reductions in tissue esterified lipids. While the intestine is an important site of lipid esterification and assimilation into the body, the regulation of intestinal SCD1 or its impact on lipid composition in the intestine and other tissues has not been investigated...

A single high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal (HFHC) results in elevated postprandial glucose (GLU), triglycerides (TRG) and metabolic load index (MLI; TRG (mg/dL) + GLU (mg/dL)) that contributes to chronic disease risk. While disease risk is higher in older adults (OA) compared to younger adults (YA), the acute effects of exercise on these outcomes in OA is understudied. Twelve YA (age 23.3 ± 3.9 yrs, n = 5 M/7 F) and 12 OA (age 67.7 ± 6.0 yrs, n = 8 M/4 F) visited the laboratory in random order to complete a HFHC with no exercise (NE) or acute exercise (EX) condition...

High-fat meal (HFM) consumption can produce acute lipemia and trigger myocardial infarction in patients with atherosclerosis, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBCs) intimately interact with inflammatory cells and blood vessels and play a complex role in regulating vascular function. Chronic high-fat feeding in mice induces pathological RBC remodeling, suggesting a novel link between HFM, RBCs, and vascular dysfunction. However, whether acute HFM can induce RBC remodeling in humans is unknown...

Increased lipid levels in blood contribute to increasing the risk of diabetic complications. Glucagon exerts lipid lowering effects in diabetic state. However, the mechanism behind the lipid reduction by glucagon independent of glucose homeostasis is not well understood. We assessed the actions of glucagon on lipid modulation in blood and markers in liver in hyperlipidemic hamsters and rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats and Golden Syrian hamsters on a hyperlipidemic diet for 2 weeks were administered a single dose of glucagon by subcutaneous (SC, 150 and 300 µg/kg) or intracerebroventricular (ICV, 15 and 30 µg/animal) route...

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists modulate lipid metabolism, apart from controlling glucose homeostasis. We investigated the role of central GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonism in regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism in cholesterol-fed hamsters. Cholesterol-fed hamsters were treated by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) route with exendin-4, as acute or repeated dose regimen and compared with hamsters pair-fed to the exendin-treated hamsters and with hamsters co-treated with GLP-1 antagonist exendin-9...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of vildagliptin compared to glimepiride on glycemic control, insulin resistance and post-prandial lipemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 167 type 2 diabetic patients, not adequately controlled by metformin, were randomized to vildagliptin 50 mg twice a day or glimepiride 2 mg three times a day for 6 months, in a double blind, randomized clinical trial. We evaluated: body mass index (BMI), glycemic control, fasting plasma insulin (FPI), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), fasting plasma proinsulin (FPPr), glucagon, lipid profile, resistin, retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4), visfatin and vaspin...

OBJECTIVE: The acute effect of heparin on lipoprotein clearance is well characterized. Yet, the effect of prolonged low-molecular-weight-heparin (LMWH) administration on post-prandial lipemia has remained so far unexplored. Recent reports suggest that LMWH could modify lipid and carbohydrate metabolism by diminishing TNFα-mediated inflammatory response. This, together with the known negative effect of TNF-α on insulin sensitivity, prompted us to hypothesize that LMWH would favorably affect post-prandial lipoprotein disposal...

BACKGROUND: Postprandial lipemia (PL) in adults has been extensively studied, but little explored in youth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of weight excess on postprandial lipemia in adolescents. METHODS: Eighty-three adolescents were classified into Groups 1 (n= 49, overweight) and 2 (n=34, eutrophic). Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL and LDL cholesterol were measured before, 2 and 4 hours after a standardized 25 g lipid and 25 g of carbohydrate test meal; glycemia and insulin measured only at baseline...

AIM: Obesity is associated with an altered GH/IGF-I axis status, accounting for the increased cardiovascular risk in obese subjects with GH deficiency. Aim of this randomized, simple-blind, cross-over study was to verify the effectiveness of a short-term treatment with orlistat in reducing non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and influencing the endogenous activity of GH/IGF-I axis in obese subjects. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measures were post-prandial lipemia; GH peak after GHRH+arginine; IGF-I; IGF-binding protein (BP)-3, IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio...

The most adequate way to experimentally reproduce the post-prandial lipemia condition appears to be the administration of a standardized oral fat load (OFL) to fasting patients. We studied the effects of a standardized OFL on markers of vascular remodelling in healthy subjects. We enrolled 286 Caucasians aged >or= 18 of either sex. The OFL was given after a 12-h fast. Blood samples were drawn before and 3, 6, 9 and 12h after the fat load. The following parameters were evaluated: body mass index (BMI), blood glucose (BG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), lipid profile, nitrites and nitrates, adiponectin (ADP), metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)...

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to study the effect of exercise and a high-fat meal (HFM) on endothelial function. BACKGROUND: Post-prandial lipemia and exercise oppose each other in terms of cardiovascular risk; however, the mechanism of their interaction is not well understood. METHODS: Endothelial function was assessed by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in 8 healthy men before and after an HFM preceded (16 to 18 h) by rest, a single bout of continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME), and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE)...

Postprandial lipemia has emerged as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. In this systematic review we examined the effect of the medications used for the management of diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia on postprandial lipemia. It should be mentioned that no standardization exists for a test meal and for the duration of observation postprandially to allow for direct comparisons between the published studies. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance are associated with enhanced postprandial lipemia...

Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) derived from the intestine are increased in insulin resistant states both in the post-prandial and fasted state and are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Impaired clearance has long been invoked to explain this accumulation of intestinal TRLs, but more recent studies have highlighted the fact that the production rate of apolipoprotein (apo) B-48-containing particles is also increased in insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. Recent data also indicate that the enterocyte, similar to the hepatocyte, overproduces lipoprotein particles in response to an elevation of plasma free fatty acids...

It is widely recognised that post-prandial lipoproteins play a role in the development of atherosclerosis, but the mechanisms underlying this role are unclear. An attractive working hypothesis is that the pathogenetic link is endothelial dysfunction. The available data seem to corroborate this theory and recognise triggering by oxidative stress, but some of the evidence is still contradictory.

BACKGROUND: Fasting and post-prandial hypertriglyceridemia have been associated with endothelial dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of a 3-month treatment with fenofibrate (200 mg daily) on endothelial reactivity and inflammatory state in hypertriglyceridemic patients at fast and after an oral fat load. METHODS: Brachial flow-mediated vasodilation (FMV) and the circulating levels of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) and vascular cellular adhesion molecule (VCAM) were determined in 10 hypertriglyceridemic patients...

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The triglyceride (TG)-lowering effect of pitavastatin (CAS 147526-32-7), a potent 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, was investigated in a guinea pig model of post-prandial lipemia. Plasma TG levels started to rise 2 h after the fat load, reached the maximum at 8 h and then gradually decreased. A 14-day dose of pitavastatin at 3 mg/kg decreased the 8 h plasma TG levels by 59%, and the 0-12 h area under the curve (AUC) of TG levels above the initial levels, by 77%. This effect was also shown with 30 mg/kg of atorvastatin (CAS 134523-00-5), and the same dose of simvastatin (CAS 79902-63-9)...

Factor VII is activated to VIIa within hours after dietary fat, irrespective of its fatty acid composition. Edible oils contain oxidized material (hydroxy fatty acids, HOFA). Twenty-five fasting women, aged 38 (10) years, consumed 30 g walnut oil containing 26 (6) mg HOFA. Blood was collected 2-hourly to measure plasma triglycerides and plasma lipid HOFA by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. VII and sTF-dependent VIIa were quantified at 0, 6 and 24 h. Increased plasma triglycerides and HOFA (areas under the curve 0-8 h, AUC) were related r = 0...