Preeclampsia and adiponectin

Preeclampsia is not fully understood; and few biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and therapeutic agents for its management have been identified. Original investigative findings suggest that abnormal placentation triggers preeclampsia and leads to hypertension, proteinuria, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation, which are characteristics of the disease. Because of the regulatory roles that it plays in several metabolic processes, adiponectin has become a cytokine of interest in metabolic medicine. In this review, we have discussed the role of adiponectin in trophoblast proliferation, trophoblast differentiation, trophoblast invasion of the decidua, and decidual angiogenesis, which are the major phases of placentation...

It is well known that adipokines are endocrine factors that are mainly secreted by white adipose tissue. Their central role in energy metabolism is currently accepted. More recently, their involvement in fertility regulation and the development of some reproductive disorders has been suggested. Data concerning the role of leptin and adiponectin, the two most studied adipokines, in the control of the reproductive axis are consistent. In recent years, interest has grown about some novel adipokines, chemerin, visfatin, resistin and apelin, which have been found to be strongly associated with obesity and insulin-resistance...

OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate associations between postpartum plasma adipokine concentrations among women with a history of preeclampsia (PE) without severe features (MPE), PE with severe features (SPE), and no PE (NPE). We also investigated relationships between adipokines and computed tomography (CT)-quantified measures of visceral fat (VF) area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SCFA). STUDY DESIGN: We performed a secondary analysis of data collected as part of a previously performed cross-sectional study at our institution...

Adiponectin is the most abundant plasma adipokine. It mainly derives from white adipose tissue and plays a key role in the control of energy metabolism thanks to its insulin-sensitising, anti-inflammatory, and antiatherogenic properties. In vitro and in vivo evidence shows that adiponectin could also be one of the hormones controlling the interaction between energy balance and fertility in several species, including humans. Indeed, its two receptors-AdipoR1 and AdipoR2-are expressed in hypothalamic⁻pituitary⁻gonadal axis and their activation regulates Kiss, GnRH and gonadotropin expression and/or secretion...

OBJECTIVE: Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious complication of pregnancy, the pathogenesis of which is largely unknown. We hypothesize that adipocytokines may play a role in the pathogenesis of PE, particularly in obese women, and evaluate leptin and adiponectin as potential first trimester markers for predicting PE. STUDY DESIGN: A cohort of 2503 pregnancies, containing 93 PE pregnancies, was divided into women with normal weight, moderate, or severe obesity. All pregnancies had serum adiponectin and leptin measured in first trimester...

Background: We aimed to investigate the participation of adiponectin in preeclampsia, and to explore the possible mechanism. Methods: A total of 52 patients with preeclampsia and 30 normal women with full-term pregnancy were enrolled. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the localization of MAPK and STAT5. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of adiponectin mRNA in placental tissue of patients with preeclampsia and normal pregnant women. Western blot was used to detect the expression of adiponectin protein, MAPK, p-MAPK, STAT5 and p-STAT5 in placental tissue of patients with preeclampsia and normal pregnant women...

Objectives: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), including preeclampsia (PE), are associated with short- and long-term maternal health complications, and obesity is a leading attributable risk factor for HDP. Yet, most women identified as obese [by body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 ] do not develop HDP, indicating limited predictability of BMI alone. In nonpregnant populations, increased visceral fat mass (VFM) is an obesity-associated phenotype increasing the risk of developing hypertension. We sought to assess whether, in pregnancy, obese women with PE would have higher circulating levels of adipokines preferential to VFM compared to obese women without PE...

OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical and biomarker risk factors for preeclampsia in women with obesity and to explore interactions with gestational diabetes, a condition associated with preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN: In women with obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 ) from the UK Pregnancies Better Eating and Activity Trial (UPBEAT), we examined 8 clinical factors (socio-demographic characteristics, BMI, waist circumference and clinical variables) and 7 biomarkers (HDL cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, adiponectin, interleukin-6, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and placental growth factor (PlGF)) in the early second trimester for association with later development of preeclampsia using logistic regression...

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder affecting 5%-8% of pregnant women. Considering the ongoing debate over the predicting value of some commercial first trimester tests, the aim of this study was to compare the existing first-trimester screening tests for preeclampsia. METHODS: In this systematic review, relevant articles published during 2000-2017 were extracted from PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science, and ProQuest databases...

BACKGROUND: All obese pregnant women are considered at equal high risk with respect to complications in pregnancy and birth, and are commonly managed through resource-intensive care pathways. However, the identification of maternal characteristics associated with normal pregnancy outcomes could assist in the management of these pregnancies. The present study aims to identify the factors associated with uncomplicated pregnancy and birth in obese women, and to assess their predictive performance...

SCOPE: Maternal vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the association between vitamin D and inflammation, particularly adipokines, remains unexplored in pregnancy. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 102 overweight or obese pregnant women at high-risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), we investigated relationships between maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations at 12-15 wk gestation (baseline) and serum lipids, inflammatory markers, novel adipokines (omentin-1, visfatin, high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin), and subsequent pregnancy outcomes (GDM, preeclampsia, preterm birth [PTB])...

PURPOSE: Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder and its etiology remains still unclear. Recent hypotheses rely on imbalance between angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors and disruption of endothelial function of spiral arteries. In addition; increased VTE (venous thromboembolism) risk is still unclear in preeclampsia. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between endothelial dysfunction, adipocytokines, platelet function, and vasculogenesis in preeclampsia. METHODS: Plasma angiogenic (PlGF, VEGF), antiangiogenic factors (sflt-1, endoglin) with adipocytokines (leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin), endothelial dysfunction markers (vWF, NO), and platelet function markers (ADP and collagen induced platelet aggregation, P-selectin) were examined in 30 early-onset, 22 late-onset preeclampsia, and 27 healthy pregnants...

BACKGROUND: Alterations in serum adipokines in preeclampsia remain vague. We investigated the roles of leptin, adiponectin and resistin and their relationships with clinical characteristics in normotensive and preeclamptic patients. METHODS: A case-control study was carried out in a cohort of 74 preeclampsia(PE) and 79 healthy pregnant women. Serum levels of leptin, adiponectin and resistin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The mean body mass index(BMI), the serum leptin and resistin levels were significantly higher in the PE group than in the control group (p<0...

BACKGROUND: The etiology of childhood obesity and the associated morbidity is multifactorial. Recently, data suggesting a prenatal programming towards later childhood obesity and metabolic deregulation through the intrauterine environment has emerged. This study explored the concentrations of adipokines and their mutual relationship at birth in children born to non-diabetic mothers. METHODS: Adiponectin, leptin and sOB-R were measured using ELISA-based commercial kits in umbilical cord blood from 60 neonates (30 born large for gestational age [LGA] and 30 born appropriate for gestational age [AGA])...

INTRODUCTION: The pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE) is complex and involves many mechanisms, including impaired placental angiogenesis. Endoglin (Eng) promotes angiogenesis, but in its soluble form (sEng) it is antiangiogenic and adiponectin has pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects on the endothelium. The combined analysis of these factors seems to better reflect maternal vascular damage. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate adiponectin and soluble endoglin levels, to analyze adiponectin (+45) gene polymorphism and its relation with adiponectin serum levels in patients with PE...

INTRODUCTION: Adiponectin is involved in energy homeostasis by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Additionally, it presents anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic functions. Polymorphisms in adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) can modulate the concentrations of adiponectin. The influence of these polymorphisms on the development of gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE) is unknown. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work was to examine the influence of polymorphisms in the gene ADIPOQ on the development of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether maternal preeclampsia influences insulin sensitivity (IS) or its biochemical markers in offspring. STUDY DESIGN: Sixty children born from a preeclamptic pregnancy (PRE) and 60 matched control subjects born from a normotensive pregnancy (non-PRE) were studied at age 12 years. IS was estimated using the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI), and serum concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF-2, IGF-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), sex hormone-binding globulin, lipids, and casual blood pressure (BP) were measured...

OBJECTIVE: The aims of the present study were to compare plasma concentrations of the adiponectin, leptin, metalloproteinases (MMP9 and MMP2) and its tissue inhibitors (TIMP1 and TIMP2) in preeclamptic (PE) and healthy pregnant (HP) groups and correlate them. METHODS: A total of 105 pregnant women with pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) values ⩽ 30 kg/m(2) were enrolled for this study (59 PE and 46 HP). Biomarkers were measured using ELISAs. RESULTS: Adiponectin (32%), leptin (45%), MMP2 (20%), TIMP1 (31%) and TIMP2 (23%) levels were higher in PE compared to HP (all P < 0...

BACKGROUND: The association between lipid peroxidation biomarkers and adipocytokines is hypothesized in preeclampsia but little is known about it. OBJECTIVE: he present study was undertaken to determine the association of lipid peroxidation biomarkers measured by the levels of 8-isoprostane and malondialdehyde with adipocytokines leptin and adiponectin in maternal serum of preeclamptic women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed...

OBJECTIVE: Women with a history of preeclampsia are at increased risk for future cardiovascular disease. Determination of cardiovascular biomarkers may be useful to understand the pathophysiological mechanism of cardiovascular disease development in these women. METHODS: We performed an analysis in the Preeclampsia Risk EValuation in FEMales study, a retrospective cohort consisting of 339 women with a history of early preeclampsia and 332 women after normotensive pregnancy...