Hypoalbuminaemia

The definitive role of viral infections, such as rotavirus, in causing Kawasaki disease (KD) remains uncertain. However, the intriguing observation of concomitant rotavirus infection and KD suggests a potential association. This study aimed to investigate this relationship. We reported a case of concomitant KD and rotavirus infection complicated by hyponatraemia and anasarca. For the systematic review, we used three large databases, namely PubMed, Ovid, and Scopus, to search articles with the terms "Kawasaki" and "rotavirus"...

BACKGROUND: Enteral nutrition (EN) assists in the nutritional status of hospitalised patients unable to feed orally. The aim of this study was to determine which method-continuous EN or discontinuous EN, a diet in which the infusion is discontinued for 4h during the night,-is more effective in meeting nutrient recommendations and improving glycaemic control and biochemical parameters related to protein anabolism. METHODS: Patients were divided into two groups: discontinuous (EN administered in mL/h, 18h/day, 4-h night fasting) and continuous (EN administered in mL/h, 22h/day)...

Chylous effusion is a rare manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). When it does occur in SLE, it is generally well treated with standard pharmacologic or surgical measures. We present a decade of management in a case of SLE with lung affliction and development of refractory bilateral chylous effusion and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In the first years, the patient was treated under a Sjogren syndrome diagnose. After few years, her respiratory condition worsened due to chylous effusion and PAH...

INTRODUCTION: We describe a case of remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting oedema (RS3PE) syndrome following administration of the ChAdOx1-S/nCoV-19 [recombinant] vaccine, suggesting a possible causal link. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 72-year-old man presented to his general practitioner with swollen, oedematous hands and legs 2 weeks after receiving a coronavirus vaccine. He had raised inflammatory markers but remained systemically well. He was initially presumed to have cellulitis, but his symptoms persisted despite several courses of antibiotics...

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common glomerular disease characterised by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia, oedema and hyperlipidaemia. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare complication in children with NS. Here, we report a case of relapsing NS on steroid therapy, in a male in early childhood who presented with symptoms of headache, vomiting and double vision. On prism cover test there was 25 PD esotropia with abduction restriction in the left eye. Fundus examination showed bilateral papilloedema...

INTRODUCTION: Protein energy wasting (PEW) is common among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, especially those with advanced stage. It worsens frailty, sarcopenia and debility in CKD patients. Despite the importance of PEW, it is not routinely assessed during management of CKD patients in Nigeria. The prevalence of PEW and its associated factors were determined in pre-dialysis CKD patients. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study that involved 250 pre-dialysis CKD patients and 125 age- and sex- matched healthy controls...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of hypoalbuminaemia in critically ill children, and to assess the association of low serum albumin with clinical deterioration and outcome. METHODS: The prospective, descriptive study was conducted from September 1, 2020, to October 31, 2021, at the National Institute of Child Health, Karachi, and comprised critically ill children of either gender aged between 3 months and 16 years admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prognostic value of pre-treatment prognostic-nutritional index (PNI) in patients with HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS: A multi-institutional retrospective series of HPV-negative, Stages II-IVB, HNSCCs treated with upfront surgery was evaluated. Correlation of pre-operative blood markers and PNI with 5-year overall (OS) and relapse-free (RFS) survival was tested using linear and restricted cubic spline models, as appropriate...

OBJECTIVES: Preoperative hypoalbuminaemia is associated with adverse outcome, including increased postoperative mortality in cardiovascular surgery, neurosurgery, trauma and orthopaedic surgery. However, much less is known about the association between preoperative serum albumin and clinical outcomes after liver surgery. In this study, we sought to determine whether hypoalbuminaemia before partial hepatectomy is associated with a worse postoperative outcome. DESIGN: Observational study...

BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant carboplatin and paclitaxel with radiotherapy (CROSS) and perioperative docetaxel, oxaliplatin, calcium folinate and fluorouracil (FLOT) are widely used for gastric (GC), gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ) and oesophageal cancers (OC). Prognostic and predictive markers for response and survival outcomes are lacking. This study evaluates dynamic neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratios (PLR), albumin and body mass index (BMI) as predictors of survival, response and toxicity...

A 78-year-old post-stroke man with multiple comorbidities who was activity of daily living- dependent developed aspiration pneumonia associated with nasogastric tube (NGT) blockage. He presented with malnutrition and risk of sarcopenia with hypoalbuminaemia, small calf circumference (CC), low body mass index and small mid upper arm circumference. He showed symptoms of moderate-to-severe vascular dementia with behavioural psychological stress disorder, resulting in carer stress. Psychoeducation among the carers and referral to a neuro-psychiatrist were ensued after outpatient-based team meeting discussion...

A 74-year-old female with a background of rheumatoid arthritis, managed with weekly methotrexate, was admitted with; oedema, dyspnoea, cachexia and jaundice. Bloods revealed pancytopenia, hyperferritinaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia and hypofolataemia. Imaging showed a large right-sided pleural effusion, requiring therapeutic aspiration, and splenomegaly. Bone marrow aspirate revealed haemophagocytosis. Differential diagnoses included methotrexate toxicity (MTXT) and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)...

INTRODUCTION: Peritonitis remains a potentially serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment. It is therefore important to identify risk factors in order to reduce the incidence of peritonitis. The aim of the present analysis was to identify factors associated with time to first peritonitis episode. METHODS: Incident PD patients from 57 centres in Europe participated in the prospective randomised controlled Peritonitis Prevention Study (PEPS) from 2010 to 2015...

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) consists of the clinical triad of hypoalbuminaemia, high levels of proteinuria and oedema, and describes a heterogeneous group of disease processes with different underlying drivers. The existence of circulating factor disease (CFD) as a driver of NS has been epitomised by a subset of patients who exhibit disease recurrence after transplantation, alongside laboratory work. Several circulating factors have been proposed and studied, broadly grouped into protease components such as soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator (suPAR), hemopexin (Hx) and calcium/calmodulin-serine protease kinase (CASK), and other circulating proteases, and immune components such as TNF-α, CD40 and cardiotrophin-like cytokine-1 (CLC-1)...

BACKGROUND: Induction chemotherapy (IC) and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is the standard of care for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC). This intensive treatment regimen increases acute toxicities, which could negatively impact patients' nutritional status. We conducted this prospective, multicentre trial to investigate the effects of IC and CCRT on nutritional status in LA-NPC patients, so as to provide evidence for further study of nutritional intervention, which was registered in ClinicalTrials...

PURPOSE: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been associated with an increased risk of periprosthetic joint infection, periprosthetic fractures, dislocations, and post-operative blood transfusion. However, higher post-operative blood transfusion is unclear whether it reflects peri-operative blood loss or is characteristic of RA. This study aimed to compare the complications, allogenic blood transfusion, albumin use, and peri-operative blood loss between patients who underwent THA because of RA or osteoarthritis (OA)...

PURPOSE: We investigated the clinical effects and predictive factors of severe post-chemoradiotherapy pulmonary complications (PCPC) in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of 317 patients who underwent definitive concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) for LA-NSCLC were reviewed retrospectively. PCPC was defined as an event of admission or emergency department visit for acute or subacute pulmonary inflammatory complications, including pneumonitis and pneumonia, within 6 months after CCRT initiation...

Zinc (Zn) is an essential and the second most abundant trace element after Iron. It can apply antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activity. It is assumed to be indispensable for cell division, cellular differentiation and cell signalling. Zinc is essential for proper liver function which is also the site of its metabolism. Depleted Zn concentrations have been observed in both acute and chronic hepatic diseases. It is reported that Zn deficiency or abnormal Zn metabolism during majority of liver diseases is attributed to deficient dietary intake of Zn, augmented disposal of Zn in the urine, activation of certain Zn transporters, and expression of hepatic metallothionein...

Rarely, disorders of lipid metabolism cause nephrotic syndrome with progressive kidney disease. Tangier disease is a rare condition belonging to this family of lipid disorders; however, it is not associated with kidney disease. We report a patient presenting with nephrotic syndrome, leading to the unmasking of Tangier disease. A 34-year-old man presented with ankle oedema, nephrotic-range proteinuria and hypoalbuminaemia. Kidney biopsy demonstrated membranous nephropathy with features of immunoperoxidase staining, suggesting a secondary aetiology...

Background: To develop a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model for caspofungin, identify parameters influencing caspofungin pharmacokinetics, and assess the required probability of target attainment (PTA) and cumulative fraction of response (CFR) for various dosing regimens of caspofungin in all patients and intensive care unit (ICU)-subgroup patients. Method: The general PPK model was developed based on data sets from all patients (299 patients). A ICU-subgroup PPK model based on data sets from 136 patients was then analyzed...