keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37815385/a-genomic-survey-of-clostridioides-difficile-isolates-from-hospitalized-patients-in-melbourne-australia
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sarah Larcombe, Galain C Williams, Jacob Amy, Su Chen Lim, Thomas V Riley, Anthony Muleta, Adele A Barugahare, David R Powell, Priscilla A Johanesen, Allen C Cheng, Anton Y Peleg, Dena Lyras
There has been a decrease in healthcare-associated Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in Australia, coupled with an increase in the genetic diversity of strains isolated in these settings, and an increase in community-associated cases. To explore this changing epidemiology, we studied the genetic relatedness of C. difficile isolated from patients at a major hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Whole-genome sequencing of C. difficile isolates from symptomatic ( n = 61) and asymptomatic ( n = 10) hospital patients was performed...
October 10, 2023: Microbiology Spectrum
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37378089/clostridium-difficile-infection-risk-and-poor-prognostic-factors-at-a-tertiary-hospital-in-the-eastern-region-of-saudi-arabia
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohammed A Miqdad, Kranthi Kosaraju, Abdullah Mohamad, Hasan Hulwi, Ubaid Rais, Mohammad Taleb, Talal Aloreibi
BACKGROUND:   Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is a common cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea. It is associated with significantly higher mortality and morbidity in addition to the cost-effectiveness burden on the healthcare system. The primary risk factors for C. difficile infection (CDI) are past C. difficile exposure, proton pump inhibitors, and antibiotic usage. These risk factors are also associated with poor prognosis. OBJECTIVE: This study was performed in Dr...
May 2023: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37193428/clostridium-difficile-infection-rates-during-the-pandemic-in-new-york-capital-area-a-single-center-study
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Spyridon Zouridis, Maheep Sangha, Paul Feustel, Seth Richter
Introduction Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) colonizes the large intestine, rendering healthy individuals asymptomatic carriers of the disease. In certain instances, C. difficile infection (CDI) occurs. Antibiotic use remains the leading risk factor for CDI. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, multiple risk and protective factors for and against CDI were identified, and as such multiple studies tried to analyze the pandemic's overall effect on CDI incidence rates, with contradictory results...
April 2023: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36978396/nurses-knowledge-attitudes-and-practices-on-the-management-of-clostridioides-difficile-infection-a-cross-sectional-study
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dania Comparcini, Valentina Simonetti, Francesco Vladimiro Segala, Francesco Di Gennaro, Davide Fiore Bavaro, Maria Antonietta Pompeo, Annalisa Saracino, Giancarlo Cicolini
Clostridioides difficile is, worldwide, the leading cause of hospital-acquired infection. Outbreaks are largely related to antibiotic exposure and contact contamination, but little is known about C. difficle infection (CDI) awareness in the nurse population. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to study Italian nurses, based on CDI guidelines. We recruited 200 nurses working in 14 Italian hospitals. Using a one-way analysis of variance of knowledge scores, female nurses (mean 9.67 (standard deviation ± 1...
March 7, 2023: Antibiotics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36819301/hemophagocytic-lymphohistiocytosis-and-clostridium-difficile-infection-a-diagnostic-dilemma
#5
Kimberly Boldig, Amy Kiamos, Avni Agrawal, Pramod Reddy
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening condition that often goes underdiagnosed because of broad and non-specific symptomatology, usually consisting of fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and multiorgan failure. This disorder can be driven by genetic components (primary) or acquired (secondary) causes related to infectious, autoimmune, or malignant processes. HLH pathogenesis derives from overactive and dysregulated immune system responses. This disorder often goes misdiagnosed because of similar clinical and laboratory findings to septicemia...
January 2023: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35764214/molecular-characterization-and-antibiotic-resistance-of-clostridioides-difficile-in-patients-with-inflammatory-bowel-disease-from-two-hospitals-in-china
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tao Lv, Lisi Zheng, Tao Wu, Ping Shen, Yunbo Chen
OBJECTIVE: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are susceptible to Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), resulting in poor outcomes and recurrence; therefore, the molecular characterization of C. difficle in IBD patients in China needs further investigation. METHODS: C. difficile strains were isolated and identified from fecal samples of adult and pediatric IBD patients. Toxigenic strains were typed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and whole genomic sequencing (WGS) to construct the phylogenetic tree...
June 25, 2022: Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35708979/-in-vitro-activity-of-fidaxomicin-against-nontuberculosis-mycobacteria
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qing Sun, Xinlei Liao, Chenqian Wang, Guanglu Jiang, Jing Yang, Jianhong Zhao, Hairong Huang, Guirong Wang, Hao Li
Introduction. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are increasing worldwide and are relatively resistant to many of the first- and second-line drugs to treat tuberculosis. Macrolide antibiotics, such as clarithromycin and azithromycin, are the key drugs for treating NTM infections. Fidaxomicin is a macrolide antibiotic that is widely used in treating Clostridium difficle (C.difficile) infections, and has high in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis especially multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and has no cross-resistance with rifampicin...
June 2022: Journal of Medical Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35587207/challenges-in-implementing-antimicrobial-stewardship-ams-in-organ-transplant-centers-in-india
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Abdul Ghafur, Nitin Bansal
INTRODUCTION: We, in India, have unique challenges in implementing antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in our institutions, especially the transplant settings. Identifying challenges, addressing them, and finding innovative solutions to these are the need of the hour. CHALLENGES: Several challenges in India exists, which hamper implementation of effective AMS like lack of adequately trained personnel (infectious diseases [ID] physicians and clinical pharmacists), missing opportunities of AMS during the timeline, and lack of India-specific outcome measures for AMS programme...
October 2022: Transplant Infectious Disease: An Official Journal of the Transplantation Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35470794/characterization-of-healthcare-associated-and-community-associated-clostridioides-difficile-infections-among-adults-canada-2015-2019
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tim Du, Kelly B Choi, Anada Silva, George R Golding, Linda Pelude, Romeo Hizon, Ghada N Al-Rawahi, James Brooks, Blanda Chow, Jun C Collet, Jeannette L Comeau, Ian Davis, Gerald A Evans, Charles Frenette, Guanghong Han, Jennie Johnstone, Pamela Kibsey, Kevin C Katz, Joanne M Langley, Bonita E Lee, Yves Longtin, Dominik Mertz, Jessica Minion, Michelle Science, Jocelyn A Srigley, Paula Stagg, Kathryn N Suh, Nisha Thampi, Alice Wong, Susy S Hota
We investigated epidemiologic and molecular characteristics of healthcare-associated (HA) and community-associated (CA) Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) among adult patients in Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program hospitals during 2015-2019. The study encompassed 18,455 CDI cases, 13,735 (74.4%) HA and 4,720 (25.6%) CA. During 2015-2019, HA CDI rates decreased by 23.8%, whereas CA decreased by 18.8%. HA CDI was significantly associated with increased 30-day all-cause mortality as compared with CA CDI (p<0...
April 26, 2022: Emerging Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34924229/gut-microbiota-in-burned-patients-with-clostridioides-difficile-infection
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Parisa Shoaei, Hasan Shojaei, Seyed Davar Siadat, Arfa Moshiri, Bahareh Vakili, Sima Yadegari, Behrooz Ataei, Farzin Khorvash
BACKGROUND: The survival rate of patients with severe burn is positively associated with increasing the incidence of the Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI). The surviving rate of severe burn patients now has an improved but the incidence of Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI) has been continues increasing during recent two decades. This study assessed the molecular typing and phenotypic characterization isolates of C. difficile in burn patients with diarrhea, as well as environmental and skin infections with C...
August 2022: Burns
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34094724/emergent-management-of-clostridium-difficle-infection-in-a-patient-with-chronic-inflammatory-bowel-disease
#11
Lauren H Pomerantz, Scott Hewitt
Clostridium difficle (C. diff) is a well known cause of infectious diarrhea across hospitals in the developed world. An anaerobic, gram positive rod bacteria, C. diff is part of the normal flora of the human colon; however, alterations to the microbiome can promote proliferation leading to pathogenic behavior. Typical symptoms include watery diarrhea in excess of three or more times a day, for at least two days, and abdominal cramping. While most infections do not lead to long term complications, the two complications that are most deleterious to health are toxic megacolon and bowel perforation...
April 29, 2021: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33842139/fulminant-pseudomembranous-colitis-leading-to-clostridium-paraputrificum-bacteremia
#12
Asim Haider, Fareeha Alavi, Ayesha Siddiqa, Hafsa Abbas, Harish Patel
Clostridium  species are spore-forming gram-positive anaerobic rod bacteria that cause a broad range of infections in humans, including intra-abdominal infections, myonecrosis, and bacteremia. Pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) is a severe form of infection caused by  Clostridioides   difficile .   Clostridial   bacteremia usually occurs in the settings of neutropenia, alcohol abuse, diabetes mellitus, sickle cell anemia, malignancy, hemodialysis, inflammatory bowel disease, and AIDS. We report a case of fulminant PMC leading to  C...
March 8, 2021: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33164145/absence-of-toxemia-in-clostridioides-difficile-infection-results-from-ultrasensitive-toxin-assay-of-serum
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rebecca Sprague, Karolyne Warny, Nira Pollock, Kaitlyn Daugherty, Qianyun Lin, Hua Xu, Christine Cuddemi, Caitlin Barrett, Xinhua Chen, Alice Banz, Aude Lantz, Kevin W Garey, Anne J Gonzales-Luna, Carolyn D Alonso, Javier A Villafuerte Galvez, Ciarán P Kelly
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is caused by Toxins A and B, secreted from pathogenic strains of C. difficle. This infection can vary greatly in symptom severity and in clinical presentation. Current assays used to diagnose CDI may lack the required sensitivity to detect the exotoxins circulating in blood. The ultrasensitive single molecule array (Simoa) assay was modified to separately detect toxin A and toxin B in serum with a limit of detection at the low picogram level. When applied to a diverse cohort, Simoa was unable to detect toxins A or B in serum from patients with CDI, including many classified as having severe disease...
October 2021: Digestive Diseases and Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32702782/comparison-between-esomeprazole-20-mg-vs-40-mg-as-stress-ulcer-prophylaxis-sup-in-critically-ill-patients-a-retrospective-cohort-study
#14
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Khalid Al Sulaiman, Kholoud Al Aamer, Alaa Al Harthi, Saud Jaser, Abdulrahman Al Anazi, Sultan Al Subaie, Ramesh Vishwakarma
Critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) are at high risk of developing upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to GI stress ulceration (SU). The major independent risk factors for the development of GI bleeding in the ICUs include mechanical ventilation (MV) and coagulopathy. There is no enough evidence regarding the most appropriate dosing of esomeprazole as stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) in critically ill patients. This is a retrospective cohort study conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City-Riyadh between January and December 2018 to determine the efficacy and safety of two different regimens of esomeprazole (20 vs 40 mg) as SUP in critically ill patients with major risk factors of GI stress ulceration...
August 2020: Pharmacology Research & Perspectives
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31745030/gut-microbiota-and-its-mysteries
#15
REVIEW
Premalatha Pushpanathan, Gifty Sara Mathew, Sribal Selvarajan, Krishna G Seshadri, Padma Srikanth
Gut microbiota are microorganisms that inhabit the gut; they coexist peacefully with the host, thereby contributing to the health and well-being of individuals. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes largely dominate the gut microbial flora. The intestinal flora promotes intestinal mucosal integrity, provides essential nutrients such as vitamins and enzymes, protects the body against pathogens and produces antimicrobial peptides such as defensins, C-type lectins, cathelicidins, they also play an active role in the innate and adaptive immune system...
April 2019: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29361091/clostridium-difficle-enteropathy-is-associated-with-a-higher-risk-for-acute-kidney-injury-in-patients-with-an-ileostomy-a-case-control-study
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gursimran Kochhar, Preston Edge, Courtney Blomme, Xian-Rui Wu, Rocio Lopez, Jean Ashburn, Bo Shen
Background: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is traditionally considered a colon-affecting disease with frequent pseudomembrane formation. However, multiple case reports have documented the existence of CDI in the small bowel, and the literature on outcome of C difficile enteropathy (CDE) is sparse. The aims of our study are to identify risk factors and to assess patient-related outcomes associated with CDE. Methods: This is a case-control study involving 112 patients at our tertiary care center...
January 18, 2018: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29235431/using-targeted-solution-tools-as-an-initiative-to-improve-hand-hygiene-challenges-and-lessons-learned
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J A Al-Tawfiq, M Treble, R Abdrabalnabi, C Okeahialam, S Khazindar, S Myers
The Joint Commission Centre for Transforming Healthcare's Web-based Targeted Solutions Tool (TST) for improving hand hygiene was implemented to elucidate contributing factors to low compliance rates of hand hygiene. Monitoring of compliance was done by trained unknown and known observers and rates of hospital-acquired infections were tracked and correlated against the changes in hand hygiene compliance. In total, 5669 of hand hygiene observations were recorded by the secret observers. The compliance rate increased from 75·4% at baseline (May-August 2014) to 88·6% during the intervention (13 months) and the control periods (P < 0·0001)...
January 2018: Epidemiology and Infection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27829823/a-new-lab-developed-real-time-pcr-assay-for-direct-detection-of-c-difficle-from-stool-sample-without-dna-extraction
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brandon Li
Clostridium difficile is a major cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated infectious diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. Detection of C. difficile by anaerobic bacterial culture and/or cytotoxicity assays has been largely replaced by rapid enzyme immunoassays (EIA). However, due to the lack of sensitivity of stool EIA, we developed a multiplex real-time PCR assay targeting the C. difficile toxin genes tcdB . stool samples from hospitalized pediatric patients suspected of having C. difficile -associated disease were prospectively collected...
September 2016: International Journal of Biomedical Science: IJBS
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26676768/a-catalytic-dna-activated-by-a-specific-strain-of-bacterial-pathogen
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhifa Shen, Zaisheng Wu, Dingran Chang, Wenqing Zhang, Kha Tram, Christine Lee, Peter Kim, Bruno J Salena, Yingfu Li
Pathogenic strains of bacteria are known to cause various infectious diseases and there is a growing demand for molecular probes that can selectively recognize them. Here we report a special DNAzyme (catalytic DNA), RFD-CD1, that shows exquisite specificity for a pathogenic strain of Clostridium difficile (C. difficile). RFD-CD1 was derived by an in vitro selection approach where a random-sequence DNA library was allowed to react with an unpurified molecular mixture derived from this strain of C. difficle, coupled with a subtractive selection strategy to eliminate cross-reactivities to unintended C...
February 12, 2016: Angewandte Chemie
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26022659/importance-of-asymptomatic-shedding-of-clostridium-difficile-in-environmental-contamination-of-a-neonatal-intensive-care-unit
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Howard S Faden, Diane Dryja
A survey of C. difficle in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) was conducted. Approximately 25% of infants in the NICU were colonized with Clostridium difficle. Environmental surface cultures were obtained from the NICU and compared with cultures taken from infant, adolescent, and hematology/oncology units. From 150 surface cultures, C difficle was recovered exclusively from the NICU. Of the 16 different types of surfaces cultured, diaper scales and the surrounding area were contaminated most often at 50%...
August 2015: American Journal of Infection Control
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