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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lesong Li, Minqing Wang, Qintian Zhu, Xiaopeng Xu, Sifan Yu, Jian Zhang, Yang Zhou
The burning loss of Al and Ti elements in superalloys during electroslag remelting has become a prevalent issue. And the existing slag system is not suitable for smelting the ATI 718PlusTM alloy. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a new slag system for smelting the ATI 718PlusTM alloy. To mitigate this issue, a thermodynamic model of the oxidation reaction of Al and Ti at the slag and alloy interface was established based on the ion and molecule coexistence theory (IMCT). The thermodynamic model was used to investigate the correlation between the equilibrium content of Al and Ti, slag composition, smelting temperature, and initial Al and Ti content of the electrode...
March 8, 2024: Materials
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Naresh Nebhinani, Pooja Patnaik Kuppili, Mamta
BACKGROUND: There is limited literature on stress management interventions targeting Indian medical undergraduates. With this background, the study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of stress management intervention on perceived stress, coping and burnout amongst first-year medical undergraduates. METHODS: It was a quasi-experimental study assessing the effect of "Comprehensive Stress Management Skill Training Program". This intervention emphasized on self-awareness of early warning signs of stress, adopting a healthy lifestyle, developing assertiveness at work, maintaining work-life balance...
2024: Medical Journal, Armed Forces India
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elumalai Perumal, Santosh Patil, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari
BACKGROUND: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, potentially malignant disorder characterized by progressive fibrosis of the oral mucosa, leading to restricted mouth opening and discomfort. This study investigates the efficacy and safety of astaxanthin, a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory carotenoid, in the comprehensive management of OSMF. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 68 eligible participants diagnosed with OSMF...
February 2024: Curēus
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brandon Williams, Wendy Gardner, Jay Prakash Singh, Lauchlan Fraser
Prescribed burning can be an effective land management tool. Here, we study changes in plant diversity and composition following experimental fire disturbance in microcosm units extracted from a twenty-five-year-old historically reclaimed grassland located at Highland Valley Copper mine in British Columbia (B.C.), Canada. Experimental microcosm units were dominated by agronomic grass species Elymus lanceolatus, Thinopyrum intermedium and Bromus inermis. The disturbance treatment was fire intensity, represented by three levels (light, moderate, and heavy), replicated six times per treatment...
March 21, 2024: Journal of Environmental Management
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kirby Broderick, Robert Burnely, Andrew J Gellman, John Robert Kitchin
Surface segregation, whereby the surface composition of an alloy differs systematically from the bulk, has historically been hard to study, because it requires experimental and modeling methods that span alloy composition space. In this work, we study surface segregation in catalytically relevant noble and platinum-group metal alloys with a focus on three ternary systems: AgAuCu, AuCuPd, and CuPdPt. We develop a data set of 2478 slabs with those compositions including all three low-index crystallographic orientations relaxed with Density Functional Theory using the PBEsol functional with D3 dispersion corrections...
March 22, 2024: Chemphyschem: a European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lachlan Packman, Bronson Philippa, Almantas Pivrikas, Paul L Burn, Ian R Gentle
The performance of electronic and semiconductor devices is critically dependent on the distribution of guest molecules or atoms in a host matrix. One prominent example is that of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays containing phosphorescent emitters, now ubiquitous in handheld devices and high-end televisions. In such OLEDs the phosphorescent guest [normally an iridium(III)-based complex] is typically blended into a host matrix, and charge injection and transport, exciton formation and decay, and hence overall device performance are governed by the distribution of the emissive guest in the host...
March 22, 2024: Small Methods
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A Pak, A B Zylstra, K L Baker, D T Casey, E Dewald, L Divol, M Hohenberger, A S Moore, J E Ralph, D J Schlossberg, R Tommasini, N Aybar, B Bachmann, R M Bionta, D Fittinghoff, M Gatu Johnson, H Geppert Kleinrath, V Geppert Kleinrath, K D Hahn, M S Rubery, O L Landen, J D Moody, L Aghaian, A Allen, S H Baxamusa, S D Bhandarkar, J Biener, N W Birge, T Braun, T M Briggs, C Choate, D S Clark, J W Crippen, C Danly, T Döppner, M Durocher, M Erickson, T Fehrenbach, M Freeman, M Havre, S Hayes, T Hilsabeck, J P Holder, K D Humbird, O A Hurricane, N Izumi, S M Kerr, S F Khan, Y H Kim, C Kong, J Jeet, B Kozioziemski, A L Kritcher, K M Lamb, N C Lemos, B J MacGowan, A J Mackinnon, A G MacPhee, E V Marley, K Meaney, M Millot, J-M G Di Nicola, A Nikroo, R Nora, M Ratledge, J S Ross, S J Shin, V A Smalyuk, M Stadermann, S Stoupin, T Suratwala, C Trosseille, B Van Wonterghem, C R Weber, C Wild, C Wilde, P T Wooddy, B N Woodworth, C V Young
An indirect-drive inertial fusion experiment on the National Ignition Facility was driven using 2.05 MJ of laser light at a wavelength of 351 nm and produced 3.1±0.16 MJ of total fusion yield, producing a target gain G=1.5±0.1 exceeding unity for the first time in a laboratory experiment [Phys. Rev. E 109, 025204 (2024)10.1103/PhysRevE.109.025204]. Herein we describe the experimental evidence for the increased drive on the capsule using additional laser energy and control over known degradation mechanisms, which are critical to achieving high performance...
February 2024: Physical Review. E
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cheng Zhou, Shengnan Zhou, Jiajun Tian, Yong Yao, Yongkang Dong
We propose and demonstrate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, fiber-optic multipoint acoustic detection system based on a multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser (MWEDFL) using the polarization-hole-burning effect with Fabry-Perot interferometers as the acoustic cavity-loss modulator. A polarization-wavelength-related filter is designed to assign a distinct polarization state to each laser wavelength. By adjusting the polarization state, the polarization-dependent loss and gain of each laser line are tuned to be equal, effectively suppressing the mode competition of EDF and enabling a stable MWEDFL...
March 15, 2024: Optics Letters
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Valeri I Babushok, Gregory T Linteris
The influence of air humidity on flame propagation in mixtures of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) with air was studied through numerical simulations and comparison with measurements from the literature. Water vapor added to the air in mixtures of fluorine rich hydrofluorocarbons (F/H≥1) can be considered as a fuel additive that increases the production of radicals (H, O, OH) and increases the overall reaction rate. The hydrofluorocarbon flame is typically a two-stage reaction proceeding with a relatively fast reaction in the first stage transitioning to a very slow reaction in the second stage which leads to the combustion equilibrium products...
April 2024: Combustion and Flame
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bojana Krstic, Dragica Selakovic, Nemanja Jovicic, Milos Krstic, Jelena S Katanic Stankovic, Sara Rosic, Dragan Milovanovic, Gvozden Rosic
The aim of this study was to evaluate the alterations of the hippocampal function that may be related to anxiogenic response to thermal skin injury, including the morpho-functional alterations, and the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and Filipendula ulmaria (FU) extract in the treatment of anxiety-like behavior that coincides with thermal skin injury. A rat thermal skin injury experimental model was performed on 2-month-old male Wistar albino rats. The evaluated therapeutic protocols included HBO and/or antioxidant supplementation...
March 6, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
#31
Jamal T Hamdi
Skin burn injury from light cables is a rare complication of laparoscopic surgery, but it can be severe and distressing for both the patient and the surgeon. A case report of skin burns due to laparoscopic light source is presented in this article, followed by an experimental trial to confirm the findings, and review of literature. The light source is usually connected to the camera to give adequate light inside the abdominal cavity for visualization of the internal organs, and hence, safe surgery. The light source should deliver cool light to prevent any burn from heat to skin or internal organs, but in fact, it is not usually cool and can reach high temperatures...
March 2024: Journal of Surgical Case Reports
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kayhan Gurbuz, Koray Das, Mete Demir, Bedia Mutay Suntur, Ozer Ozlu, Abdulkadir Basaran, Merve Kilic Cil, Abdullah Golbol
BACKGROUND: The increasing development of intelligent technologies for hand hygiene (HH) compliance audit has the potential to create an alternative to direct observation (DO), which is still considered the gold standard but has disadvantages such as lack of standardized monitoring practices, Hawthorne effect, insufficient sample size, and time/resource consumption. We aimed to share our preliminary results on the impacts of intelligent monitoring technology installation (IMTI) and additional modalities on healthcare workers' (HCWs') HH compliance in a Burn Center, according to the "5 Moments of HH" concept defined by the World Health Organization (WHO)...
February 29, 2024: Burns
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Oluwaseyi M Oderinde, Manoj Narayanan, Peter Olcott, Yevgen Voronenko, Jon Burns, Shiyu Xu, Ling Shao, Karine A Al Feghali, Shervin M Shirvani, Murat Surucu, Gopinath Kuduvalli
BACKGROUND: Biology-guided radiotherapy (BgRT) is a novel technology that uses positron emission tomography (PET) data to direct radiotherapy delivery in real-time. BgRT enables the precise delivery of radiation doses based on the PET signals emanating from PET-avid tumors on the fly. In this way, BgRT uniquely utilizes radiotracer uptake as a biological beacon for controlling and adjusting dose delivery in real-time to account for target motion. PURPOSE: To demonstrate using real-time PET for BgRT delivery on the RefleXion X1 radiotherapy machine...
March 7, 2024: Medical Physics
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marco Leonti, Stefano Cabras, María Eugenia Castellanos Nueda, Laura Casu
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Chemosensory qualities of botanical drugs are important cues for anticipating physiologic consequences. Whether a botanical drug is used as both, food and medicine, or only as medicine depends on taste preferences, nutritional content, cultural background, and the individual and overall epidemiological context. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We subjected 540 botanical drugs described in De Materia Medica having at least one oral medical application to a tasting panel...
March 4, 2024: Journal of Ethnopharmacology
#35
REVIEW
Linda Sangalli, Alesia V Prakapenka, Akhilanand Chaurasia, Craig S Miller
OBJECTIVES: The underlying mechanisms of burning mouth syndrome (BMS) remain unclear leading to challenges and unsatisfactory management. Current treatments focus primarily on symptom relief, with few consistently achieving a 50% reduction in pain. This review aims to explore animal models of BMS to gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and to discuss potential and existing knowledge gaps. METHODS: A comprehensive review of PubMed® , Google Scholar, and Scopus was performed to assess advances and significant gaps of existing rodent models that mimic BMS-related symptoms...
March 4, 2024: Oral Diseases
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Margot Paul, Kim Bullock, Jeremy Bailenson, David Burns
BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a global concern with increasing prevalence. While many evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs) have been identified to treat MDD, there are numerous barriers for patients to access these treatments. Virtual reality (VR) has been used as a treatment enhancement for a variety of mental health disorders, but few have examined its efficacy and use for MDD in clinical settings. Behavioral activation (BA) is a simple yet effective EBP for MDD that may have potential to be easily enhanced and adapted with VR...
March 1, 2024: JMIR Mental Health
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Esra Akkol, Tuğba Subaş, Ufuk Özgen, Ipek Süntar, Mert Ilhan, Hikmet Keleş
In Turkish folk medicine, the roots of Onosmaarmeniacum Klokov are used to heal wounds, burns, hemorrhoids, hoarseness, dyspnea, stomach ulcers, and abdominal aches. The objective was to evaluate the plant's ethnopharmacological applications using in vivo pharmacological experimental models. In vivo linear incision and circular excision the wound models were used to assess the wound healing activity along with histopathological investigation. The active component(s) were isolated and identified after being exposed to several chromatographic separation procedures on the primary extract...
March 3, 2024: Chemistry & Biodiversity
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
G Brochard, C Liu, X Wei, W Heidbrink, Z Lin, N Gorelenkov, C Chrystal, X Du, J Bao, A R Polevoi, M Schneider, S H Kim, S D Pinches, P Liu, J H Nicolau, H Lütjens
Gyrokinetic simulations of the fishbone instability in DIII-D tokamak plasmas find that self-generated zonal flows can dominate the nonlinear saturation by preventing coherent structures from persisting or drifting in the energetic particle phase space when the mode frequency down-chirps. Results from the simulation with zonal flows agree quantitatively, for the first time, with experimental measurements of the fishbone saturation amplitude and energetic particle transport. Moreover, the fishbone-induced zonal flows are likely responsible for the formation of an internal transport barrier that was observed after fishbone bursts in this DIII-D experiment...
February 16, 2024: Physical Review Letters
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
R Z Huang, Y W Wang, H Y Huang, R H Jiang, N N Xue, S P Yin, H Y Zhao
Objective: To explore the optimal ratio of dihydrotestosterone and hydroxyflutamide (hereinafter referred to as DH), construct a dual release system of androgen and its antagonist, and analyze the application effect of this system in the repair of full-thickness burn wounds in mice. Methods: This study was an experimental study. The HaCaT cells were divided into blank group (without drug culture), low baseline group, medium baseline group, and high baseline group according to the random number table (the same grouping method below), and the last three groups of cells were cultured by adding three different ratios of DH...
February 20, 2024: Zhonghua Shao Shang Yu Chuang Mian Xiu Fu Za Zhi
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xin Wang, Zhenfang Xiong, Wangbing Hong, Xincheng Liao, Guangping Yang, Zhengying Jiang, Lanxin Jing, Shengyu Huang, Zhonghua Fu, Feng Zhu
INTRODUCTION: Burns are a global public health problem. Major burns can stimulate the body to enter a stress state, thereby increasing the risk of infection and adversely affecting the patient's prognosis. Recently, it has been discovered that cuproptosis, a form of cell death, is associated with various diseases. Our research aims to explore the molecular clusters associated with cuproptosis in major burns and construct predictive models. METHODS: We analyzed the expression and immune infiltration characteristics of cuproptosis-related factors in major burn based on the GSE37069 dataset...
2024: Frontiers in Immunology
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