COPD AND lung cancer AND immune

BACKGROUND: Individual exposure to environmental pollutants, as one of the most influential drivers of respiratory disorders, has received considerable attention due to its preventability and controllability. Considering that the extracellular vesicle (EV) was an emerging intercellular communication medium, recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of environmental pollutants derived EVs (EPE-EVs) in respiratory disorders. METHODS: PubMed and Web of Science were searched from January 2018 to December 2023 for publications with key words of environmental pollutants, respiratory disorders and EVs...

The interplay between the immune system and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is complex and multifaceted. In COPD, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress can lead to immune dysfunction that can exacerbate lung damage, further worsening the respiratory symptoms. In NSCLC, immune cells can recognise and attack the cancer cells, which, however, can evade or suppress the immune response by various mechanisms, such as expressing immune checkpoint proteins or secreting immunosuppressive cytokines, thus creating an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment that promotes cancer progression and metastasis...

Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use continues to rise globally. E-cigarettes have been presented as safer alternatives to combustion cigarettes that can mitigate the harm associated with tobacco products; however, the degree to which e-cigarette use itself can lead to morbidity and mortality is not fully defined. Herein we describe how e-cigarettes function; discuss the current knowledge of the effects of e-cigarette aerosol on lung cell cytotoxicity, inflammation, anti-pathogen immune response, mucociliary clearance, oxidative stress, DNA damage, carcinogenesis, matrix remodeling, and airway hyperresponsiveness; and summarize the impact on lung diseases, including COPD, respiratory infection, lung cancer, and asthma...

BACKGROUND: Evidence from observational studies suggests an association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. The potential interactions between the immune system and the lungs may play a causative role in COPD and lung cancer and offer therapeutic prospects. However, the causal association and the immune-mediated mechanisms between COPD and lung cancer remain to be determined. METHODS: We employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the causal association between COPD and lung cancer...

Tobacco smoking is a leading cause of preventable mortality, and it is the major contributor to diseases such as COPD and lung cancer. Cigarette smoke compromises the pulmonary antiviral immune response, increasing susceptibility to viral infections. There is currently no therapy that specifically addresses the problem of impaired antiviral response in cigarette smokers and COPD patients, highlighting the necessity to develop novel treatment strategies. 18-β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18-β-gly) is a phytoceutical derived from licorice with promising anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral activities whose clinical application is hampered by poor solubility...

BACKGROUND: Emerging data suggested a favorable outcome in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients treated by immunotherapy. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of neoadjuvant immunotherapy among NSCLC with COPD versus NSCLC without COPD and explore the potential mechanistic links. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with NSCLC receiving neoadjuvant immunotherapy and surgery at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital between November 2020 and January 2023 were reviewed...

BACKGROUND: The family of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) acts as a controller of the duration and intensity of cytokine function by negatively regulating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. SOCS' role in inflammatory diseases in animal models is well demonstrated. However, its role in the development of human disease is still under investigation. SOCS3 plays an important role in tumor development where its downregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various solid tumors such as triple-negative breast cancer...

BACKGROUND: The first-line standard treatment option for patients with NSCLC complicated with Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is still unclear and relies on the treatment option of NSCLC alone. To date, a limited number of retrospective studies have explored the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in patients with NSCLC complicated with COPD. We therefore designed this study to further explore the efficacy and safety of first-line immunotherapy in patients with NSCLC complicated with COPD...

BACKGROUND: Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experience worse clinical outcomes but respond better to immunotherapy than patients with NSCLC without COPD. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a versatile population of innate immune T lymphocytes, have a crucial function in the response to infection and tumors. This study investigated the distribution of MAIT cells in COPD-associated NSCLC and their involvement in the immune response...

The objective is to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of Tao Hong Si Wu Tang combined with anti-PD-1 in a mouse model of COPD combined with lung cancer, elucidating its mechanism through modulation of PD-1/PD-L binding, regulation of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg balance, inhibition of IL-4 and IL-17, and promotion of IFN-γ and TGF-β levels in peripheral blood. One hundred male C57/BL6 mice were randomly allocated to five groups: A (blank control), B (model control), C (THSW), D (anti-PD-1), and E (THSW + anti-PD-1), with 20 mice in each group...

Cigarette smoke is widely known as contributing to chronic inflammation underlying several airway diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. In our previous studies we found that the lung of both COPD and cancer patients were characterized by the presence and activation of the AIM2 inflammasome. Here, we wanted to investigate the upstream step during the establishment of chronic lung inflammation after cigarette smoke exposure. We took advantage of a mouse model of smoking exposure and public scRNAseq data...

OBJECTIVE: There is a need to increase patient and clinician awareness on the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination in at-risk groups. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of reminders for physicians and patients using the vaccination tracking system created in the hospital information management system (HIMS) on the vaccination rate, and the effect of pneumococcal vaccination on pneumonia-related hospitalization and mortality over a 12-month period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective observational cohort study was undertaken during a 2-year period in 3 tertiary care centers...

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a DNA receptor that produces the second messenger cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP). cGAMP activates stimulator of interferon genes (STING), which initiates a signaling cascade leading to immune and inflammatory responses. This intricate molecular pathway plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of diverse respiratory ailments, including respiratory infection, lung cancer, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and acute lung injury...

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown high efficacy in lung cancer. Adding ICIs to chemoradiation might increase the treatment efficacy, while the application of ICIs or chemoradiation alone can induce treatment-related pneumonitis, so whether combination therapy would increase the risk of pneumonitis needs careful evaluation. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the incidence of pneumonitis in patients who underwent chemoradiation combined with ICIs compared with chemoradiation alone and explore the risk factors of pneumonitis in combination therapy...

Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate among all cancers worldwide. The 5-year overall survival rate for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is estimated at around 26%, whereas for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), the survival rate is only approximately 7%. This disease places a significant financial and psychological burden on individuals worldwide. The symbiotic microbiota in the human body has been significantly associated with the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of various diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis...

The highly diverse microbial ecosystem of the human body colonizes the gastrointestinal tract has a profound impact on the host's immune, metabolic, endocrine, and other physiological processes, which are all interconnected. Specifically, gut microbiota has been found to play a crucial role in facilitating the adaptation and initiation of immune regulatory response through the gastrointestinal tract affecting the other distal mucosal sites such as lungs. A tightly regulated lung-gut axis during respiratory ailments may influence the various molecular patterns that instructs priming the disease severity to dysregulate the normal function...

BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs) combined with chemotherapy can improve non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patients' pathological responses and show promising improvements in survival. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a systemic inflammatory disease, and its associated abnormal inflammatory response affects not only the immunotherapy efficacy but also immune-related adverse events. It remains unclear whether NSCLC patients with COPD can benefit from neoadjuvant ICIs combined with chemotherapy...

Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory and destructive disease in the mouth and is considered to be associated with systemic diseases. Accumulating evidence has suggested that periodontitis is a risk factor for pulmonary diseases such as pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) and lung cancer. The presence of common periodontal pathogens has been detected in samples from a variety of pulmonary diseases. Periodontal pathogens can be involved in lung diseases by promoting the adhesion and invasion of respiratory pathogens, regulating the apoptosis of respiratory epithelium and inducing overexpression of mucin and disrupting the balance of immune systemin respiratory epithelium cells...

The lungs were long thought to be sterile until technical advances uncovered the presence of the lung microbial community. The microbiome of healthy lungs is mainly derived from the upper respiratory tract (URT) microbiome but also has its own characteristic flora. The selection mechanisms in the lung, including clearance by coughing, pulmonary macrophages, the oscillation of respiratory cilia, and bacterial inhibition by alveolar surfactant, keep the microbiome transient and mobile, which is different from the microbiome in other organs...

BACKGROUND: Immuno-oncology therapy (IO) is associated with a variety of treatment-related toxicities. However, the impact of toxicity on the treatment discontinuation rate between males and females is unknown. We hypothesized that immune-related adverse events would lead to more frequent treatment changes in females since autoimmune diseases occur more frequently in females. AIMS: Our aim was to determine if there was a difference in the rate of immunotherapy treatment change due to toxicity between males and females...