Methenamine

Lysozyme-induced nephropathy is a rare form of acute tubular injury that has almost exclusively been reported in patients with monocytic malignancies. Typically, patients will present in acute renal failure A renal biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis and will demonstrate proximal tubular cells with hypereosinophilic granules, which are periodic acid-Schiff and Jones methenamine silver-positive. Immunohistochemical staining for lysozyme will also be present. The following rare case will describe a case of lysozyme nephropathy in a patient without any underlying hematological malignancy, but instead with systemic granulomatous disease...

Emphysematous gastritis is a rare entity that has not much literature available. It is known to manifest as a diffused wall inflammation and air within the wall of the stomach and has been associated with gas-forming organisms. We present a complex case of a middle-aged woman with a previous history of fulminant Clostridium difficile complicated with colectomy and diverting colostomy. She was admitted due to diabetic ketoacidosis, later complicated with worsening abdominal pain, and a CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis without contrast revealed findings consistent with ischemic bowel, severe pneumatosis intestinalis, and extensive portal venous gas...

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) commonly affect many patient populations. Recurrent UTIs (rUTIs) can be particularly problematic and lead to potential hospitalizations, multiple antibiotic courses, and have a potential negative impact on quality of life. To prevent UTIs, antibiotics are frequently used for prophylaxis; however, antibiotic prophylaxis has notable untoward consequences including but not limited to potential adverse effects and development of antibiotic resistance. Methenamine, an antiseptic agent initially available in 1967, has re-emerged as a potential option for UTI prophylaxis in various populations, including older adults and renal transplant recipients...

OBJECTIVES: Gout, as the most prevalent form of inflammatory arthritis, necessitates the use of animal models to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in its development. Therefore, our objective was to develop a novel chronic mouse model of gout that more closely mimics the progression of gout in humans. METHODS: A novel chronic mouse model of gout was established by a simple method, which does not require high technical proficiency, predominantly involves daily intraperitoneal injections of potassium oxonate for approximately 4 months, combined with a high fat-diet and injections of acetic acid into the hind paws to facilitate the formation of monosodium urate (MSU)...

Sarcoidosis embodies a complex inflammatory disorder spanning multiple systems, with its origin remaining elusive. It manifests as the infiltration of inflammatory cells that coalesce into distinctive non-caseous granulomas within afflicted organs. Unravelling this disease needs the utilization of cellular or tissue-based imaging methods to both visualize and characterize the biochemistry of these sarcoid granulomas. Whilst hematoxylin and eosin stain, standard in routine use alongside cytological stains have found utility in diagnosis within clinical contexts, special stains such as Masson's trichrome, reticulin, methenamine silver, and Ziehl-Neelsen provide additional varied perspectives of sarcoid granuloma imaging...

Disseminated histoplasmosis is a progressive granulomatous disease caused by Histoplasma capsulatum , which is an intracellular dimorphic fungus endemic to the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys in the United States. It is usually thought to be due to the failure of the activation of the T-cell-mediated immune response. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but potentially fatal condition, in which histiocytes and lymphocytes build up in and damage organs and other blood cells. We present a 37-year-old man with a past medical history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated by lupus nephritis on immunosuppressive therapy who presented to the emergency department with hypotension and was admitted for acute kidney injury...

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Dysuria is a common symptom present in several urological and gynecological conditions. Management relies on the underlying disease but may require additional symptomatic treatment. This study evaluated the combination of methenamine 250 mg and methylthioninium chloride 20 mg in the treatment of dysuria versus phenazopyridine. METHODS: This was a multicenter, single-blind, randomized, superiority clinical trial, including individuals over 18 with dysuria and a score ≥ 5 points on the pre-treatment categorical scale for pain...

OBJECTIVES: To present three case reports of cryptococcal laryngitis managed with potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser, where only one case managed with KTP laser has previously been published to date to our knowledge. Further, to systematically review the medical literature and describe the epidemiology, clinical assessment, treatment, and prognosis of laryngeal cryptococcosis. METHODS: The PubMed, Embase, and OVID MEDLINE databases were searched using the terms "cryptococcal laryngitis" or "cryptococcus" and "larynx or laryngeal...

This study elucidated the etiology of C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN) and non-C3GN with primary membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and periodic acid-methenamine silver stain (PAM-EM). Thirty-one primary MPGN cases were analyzed by TEM and PAM-EM to distinguish among MPGN I, MPGN II, MPGN III Burkholder subtype (MPGN IIIB), and Anders and Strife subtype (MPGN IIIA/S). Each case was also classified into C3GN or non-C3GN according to the standard C3GN definition using immunostaining...

Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) presenting with linear distribution and with underlying bony destruction is rare. Herein, we report such a presentation in a farmer who presented with ulcerated nodules over the right leg and swelling of the right foot. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation and histopathological examination of biopsy from nodule revealed characteristic sclerotic bodies on Gomori methenamine silver and periodic acid Schiff stain (PAS), which confirmed the diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis. X-ray of right foot revealed osteolytic destruction of right third metatarsophalangeal joint...

Actinomycosis of the tonsils is uncommon even though the causative organisms are normal commensal of the oropharyngeal tract that may colonise the tonsillar crypts with resultant infection in apparently healthy individuals. Diagnosis is often incidental in tonsillectomy specimens sent to the pathology laboratory for varied diseases. This is a 10-year study of tonsillectomy specimens diagnosed with actinomycosis. Specimens were formalin-fixed and paraffin processed and stained with haematoxylin and eosin, gromott methenamine silver and periodic acid-Schiff...

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is an uncommon histiocytic disorder typically involving lymph nodes and less frequently extranodal tissues. RDD involving the breast is rare and may clinically and radiologically mimic neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorders. We report seven patients with breast RDD, describe their clinicoradiologic and pathologic features, and discuss the differential diagnosis. Patients, ranging from 15 to 74 years of age, presented with unilateral and unifocal (5/7) or bilateral and multifocal (2/7) masses...

INTRODUCTION: Mucormycosis is a fatal fungal infection, which is rare but commonly affects immunocompromised patients. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients who were immunocompromised, due to comorbid conditions, such as hematological malignancy and diabetes mellitus (DM), and patients on immunosuppressive therapy such as steroid therapy were the important host for mucormycosis infection. AIM: This study aimed to study the clinicopathological correlation of mucormycosis in post-COVID-19 patients...

BACKGROUND: Actinomycosis (ACM) is a rare infectious granulomatous disease caused by Actinomyces, a Grampositive, filamentous, saprophytic bacteria. There are several types of pediatric ACM, such as orocervicofacial (55%) and other less common forms: abdominopelvic and thoracic. We report a case of a 16-year-old who presented with abdominal ACM in the setting of acute appendicitis. After the case report, we provide a short literature review of pediatric appendicular ACM cases published...

Fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) is a relatively common, but often misdiagnosed disease of paranasal sinuses. The FRS is classified into invasive and non-invasive forms. The non-invasive form includes fungal ball and allergic FRS, and invasive form includes acute invasive FRS, chronic invasive FRS, and granulomatous FRS. Invasive fungal infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality, hence requiring urgent medical and surgical intervention. The histomorphology can help identify certain fungal organisms that cannot be cultured or are rarely visible in exudates...

Granulomatous mural folliculitis (GMF) is an uncommon reaction pattern occasionally observed in nonadapted ruminant hosts infected with malignant catarrhal fever viruses. This report characterizes GMF and concurrent cutaneous lesions in 16 goats with crusting dermatitis using histochemistry including hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, and Grocott's methenamine silver, and immunohistochemistry for CD3, CD20, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1, and cytokeratin AE1/3. Infiltrates in all 16 GMF cases consisted of macrophages and fewer T lymphocytes, and variably included eosinophils, multinucleated histiocytic giant cells, and/or neutrophils...

BACKGROUND: Restrictive lung disease leading to abnormal lung function in kidney transplant recipients is commonly associated with noninfectious complications or medications used for post-transplant immunosuppression. Herein, we report an interesting case of pediatric kidney transplant recipient with weight loss and abnormal spirometry who was diagnosed to have late-onset Pneumocystis pneumonia. CASE REPORT: A 17-year-old male patient with a history of allergic rhinitis, mild persistent asthma, and deceased donor kidney transplant, performed 18 months prior, presented for routine evaluation of his asthma to the pulmonology clinic...

AIM: To evaluate diagnostic performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), in comparison with polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) staining and serum 1,3-β-d-Glucan (BG) assay. METHODS: 52 PCP patients and 103 patients with non-pneumocystic jirovecii pneumonia (non-PCP) were enrolled, and comparative analysis was conducted of different diagnostic tests. Clinical features and co-pathogen characteristics were reviewed...

Surgically operated case of solitary Aspergillus brain abscess caused by Aspergillus fumigatus in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient is not reported. The authors report a case of 33-year-old diabetic female patient presented with generalized seizure followed by left hemiparesis. Patient was treated with steroids for COVID-19 pneumonia. Initial imaging revealed a right frontal lobe infarct that later confirmed as a case of frontal lobe abscess. Patient underwent craniotomy and thick yellow pus was drained...

BACKGROUND: Light and heavy chain deposition disease (LHCDD) is a rare condition characterised by the deposition of immunoglobulin components in the kidneys. Similarly, Amyloidosis is also caused by the deposition of light chain and/or heavy chain components of immunoglobulins which are folded into amyloid fibrils characterised by Congophilic deposits that exhibit apple-green birefringence under polarised light. Only a handful of reports describing LHCDD with amyloid fibril deposition have been previously published, however, none have characterized the composition of the deposited immunoglobulin components via mass spectrometry...