Botulinum cosmetic

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More than one percent of people have epilepsy worldwide. Levetiracetam (LEV) is a successful new-generation antiepileptic drug (AED), and its derivative, brivaracetam (BRV), shows improved efficacy. Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2a (SV2A), a putative membrane transporter in the synaptic vesicles (SVs), has been identified as a target of LEV and BRV. SV2A also serves as a receptor for botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), which is the most toxic protein and has paradoxically emerged as a potent reagent for therapeutic and cosmetic applications...

INTRODUCTION: Iatrogenic botulism is a rare, serious disease that progresses with descending paralysis and develops after cosmetic or therapeutic botulinum toxin-A (BoNT-A) application. CASE PRESENTATIONS: In this case series; six cases of iatrogenic botulism followed up in our center are presented. Four of these developed after gastric BoNT-A and two after axillary BoNT-A application. RESULTS: The most important cause for the disease was the use of unlicensed products and high-dose toxin applications...

Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) is a neurotoxin used for both cosmetic and non-cosmetic purposes. BTA is commonly administered as an intramuscular injection to treat wrinkles. However, when it comes to treating forehead wrinkles, intramuscular injection is associated with a greater rate of ptosis. Intradermal injection is currently thought to be a better alternative. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for research articles published between 1989 and 2023 using the following keywords: "intradermal," "intramuscular," "botulinum toxin," and "forehead wrinkle...

BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin is a crucial therapeutic tool with broad indications in both cosmetic and medical fields. However, the expanding cosmetic use and increased dosages of botulinum toxin have raised concerns about resistance, making it essential to study the awareness and management practices among healthcare professionals. METHODS: A survey was conducted among clinical physicians using botulinum toxin. The study investigated their experiences, awareness, and management practices related to toxin resistance...

BACKGROUND: The signs of aging seem to be more visible on the neck compared to other locations, especially if a patient has already gone through facial rejuvenation procedures. Treatment of the aging neck imposes a challenge to the clinician, since one single approach is usually not enough to achieve the desired result, requiring multiple injections and sessions, which apart from being painful for the patients, is time-consuming for the clinician. AIM: To describe the use of calcium hydroxyapatite, incobotulinum toxin type A and Cohesive poly-densified matrix hyaluronic acid diluted in the same syringe and injected in the same session for neck rejuvenation...

During the 1970s, scientists first used botulinum toxin to treat strabismus. While testing on monkeys, they noticed that the toxin could also reduce wrinkles in the glabella area. This led to its widespread use in both medical and cosmetic fields. The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential use of Botox in managing post-operative contracture after below-knee amputation. We conducted a systematic review In Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Google Scholar using the MESH terms Botox, botulinum toxin, post-operative contracture, amputation, and below knee amputation...

BACKGROUND: Skin of color (SOC) individuals represent a growing market for cosmetic injectables and can have different aesthetic goals and responses to treatment. OBJECTIVE: A review of the uses, safety, and effectiveness of injectable neuromodulators and dermal fillers in SOC individuals. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A search of the PubMed/MEDLINE database was conducted from August 1960 to December 2020. Studies that were included either had a focus on SOC (>20% SOC study participants) or dedicated article content commenting on the safety and/or efficacy of injectables in SOC participants...

Thyroidectomy scars, located on the exposed site, can cause distress in patients. Owing to the cosmetic importance of thyroidectomy scars, many studies have been conducted on its prevention and treatment. Scar formation factors mainly include inflammatory cell infiltration, angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, secretion of cytokines such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and mechanical tension on the wound edges. Anti-scar methods including topical anti-scar agents, skin tension-bearing devices, and local injections of botulinum toxin, as well as lasers and phototherapies, that target these scar formation factors have been developed...

Parry-Romberg syndrome (PRS) is a rare neurocutaneous and craniofacial disorder characterized by progressive hemifacial wasting and atrophy that predominantly affects children and young adults, with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 700,000 individuals. Despite its rarity, PRS poses significant challenges for patients, their families, and healthcare providers due to its unpredictable course and potential functional and aesthetic impairments. The main aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of PRS, encompassing its clinical features, pathogenesis, and management techniques...

BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin, produced by the Gram-positive anaerobe Clostridium botulinum, is composed of seven antigenic subtypes (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G). Currently, only Botulinum toxin type A, commonly referred to as "Botox," is approved for clinical use, given its relatively safe clinical profile. Botulinum toxin type A has a wide range of therapeutic indications, including treatment for dystonia, migraine headache, neurogenic bladder, and large muscle spastic disorders. However, the toxin is most widely known for its cosmetic effects in treating wrinkles and facial lines...

BACKGROUND: Eyelid ptosis is characterized by an inferior displacement of the upper eyelid when the eye assumes its primary position. Besides its aesthetic implications, ptosis can also adversely affect visual acuity. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous administration of IncobotulinumtoxinA (IncoBonTA) and hyaluronic acid effect in eyelid ptosis and ocular rejuvenation. METHODS: A novel, non-surgical technique for eyelid ptosis management involving IncoBonTA and hyaluronic acid the co-administration within a single syringe, and applied using a cannula...

BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin type A injections are widely used for facial rejuvenation; however, research on people's satisfaction based on age is limited. This study assessed patient satisfaction with botulinum toxin injections for forehead, glabella, and periorbital wrinkles in Birjand, Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The current study examined 150 people aged 18 to 70 who requested botulinum toxin type A injection in the forehead, glabellar, and periorbital area in 2022, who visited the plastic surgery clinic and the authors' offices in Birjand City...

A meta-analysis was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in the treatment of facial hypertrophic scars. Computerised searches were performed in databases, from their inception to November 2023, including Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases, focusing on randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the use of BTX-A for treating facial hypertrophic scars...

BACKGROUND: The intricate mechanisms of jowl formation, which ultimately lead to loss of lower jaw definition, skin laxity, and localized fat accumulation, involve interrelated factors such as skin aging, fat redistribution, muscle dynamics, and loss of support. AIMS: To propose a structured approach to the treatment of the jowl area that is comprehensive and tailored to the needs of each individual patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This integrative review combines a meticulous analysis of the literature with practical insights from real-world clinical settings...

BACKGROUND: Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) exhibits inhibitory effects on the neuromuscular junction, and its use is well established in cosmetic dermatology. Our review aims to analyze the evidence for its use in the treatment of various dermatological, neurological, gastroenterological, ophthalmological, otorhinolaryngological, dental, urological, gynecological, and cardiovascular disorders. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed for studies published between 2012 and 2022 that discussed the therapeutic use of BoNT in human participants...

This study introduces the Lines and Dots (LADs) technique, a new approach for administering botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) in treating forehead wrinkles. (1) Background: BoNT-A application patterns in the forehead often rely solely on the anatomy of the frontalis muscle. The LADs technique proposes a combination of anatomical features with nerve pathways. (2) Methods: The technique employed a grid system aligned with the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerve pathways and used an electronic acupuncture pen for validation...

This case report documents the clinical journey of a 14-year-old female child experiencing bilateral swelling and pain in the mandibular region, suggestive of idiopathic masseter muscle hypertrophy. This condition, although relatively uncommon, can present itself either unilaterally or bilaterally. While cosmetic concerns, often denoted as a "square face," are commonly expressed by patients, additional symptoms like protrusion, bruxism, or trismus may also be present. The patient reported a gradual and asymptomatic bilateral bulging in the mandible angle region, with an explicit complaint of pain...

BACKGROUND: Acetyl hexapeptide-8, also known as Argireline, is a topical, short-acting, synthetic peptide that has recently gained popularity for its antiwrinkle effects. This agent has emerged as a more accessible alternative to botulinum neurotoxin. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the public interest in acetyl hexapeptide-8 in the United States from 2013 to 2023, as described by search volume on Google, the most-used search engine. METHODS: We analyzed the longitudinal relative monthly search volume from January 1, 2013, to January 1, 2023, for acetyl hexapeptide-related terms...

BACKGROUND: The demand for nonsurgical facial rejuvenation options is growing, yet the periorbital region remains an area of relative unmet need. This review explores nonsurgical options for facial rejuvenation and the role of oxymetazoline hydrochloride ophthalmic solution, 0.1%, in treating age-related blepharoptosis as part of periorbital rejuvenation. METHODS: Advisors experienced in facial rejuvenation met to discuss existing literature on the upper face and periorbital rejuvenation and the role of oxymetazoline hydrochloride ophthalmic solution, 0...