Prevnar

INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Historically, myringotomy, and the insertion of tympanostomy tubes has served as one of the initial surgical training experiences for residents. Resident experience with this procedure since the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines has not been well described in the literature. The objective of this study was to identify trends in resident training experience with chronic otitis media-related surgeries, such as myringotomy and tympanostomy tube placement...

Achieving durable protective immunity following vaccination is dependent on many factors, including vaccine composition and antigen dose, and it has been investigated for various types of vaccines. Aim of the present study was to investigate the overall immune response elicited by two different booster doses in CD-1 mice, by exploiting the largely used 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Prevnar 13® (PCV13). Immunization was performed by two primary doses of PCV13 two weeks apart, and a full or fractional (1/5) booster dose on week 10...

In most countries worldwide, pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have been included in the infant immunization program, resulting in a significant reduction in the burden of pneumococcal disease in children and adults. Shifting serotype distribution due to the indirect effect of infant vaccination with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) may continue to increase the gap between 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) and PCV13 serotype coverage for older adults in the coming years...

Antibody responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination are frequently used as a diagnostic tool for humoral immunodeficiencies, part of the larger collection of inborn errors of immunity. Currently, arbitrary criteria, such as a serotype specific titer of >/= 1.3 µg/mL is most often used as a cut-off for interpretation of pneumococcal antibody responses. The magnitude of the antibody response to each of the 23 serotypes in Pneumovax®, and serotype-specific cut-offs in healthy pneumococcal vaccine-naïve adults has not been previously characterized...

BACKGROUND: Pregnant women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of developing complications from vaccine-preventable infections. We investigated the factors influencing vaccine administration in pregnant women with IBD and their infants, in addition to the safety of vaccination in the infants. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study identified individuals from a tertiary referral clinic whose records were linked to a provincial vaccine database...

Repeated bolus injections are associated with higher costs and poor compliance and can hinder the implementation of global immunization campaigns. Here, we report the development and preclinical testing of patches of transdermal core-shell microneedles-which were fabricated by the micromoulding and alignment of vaccine cores and shells made from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) with varying degradability kinetics-for the preprogrammed burst release of vaccine payloads over a period of a few days to more than a month from a single administration...

BACKGROUND: Homeless individuals and families are at an increased risk for contracting and transmitting communicable infections and diseases. Due to poor living conditions and limited access to health care resources, homeless people of all ages are vulnerable to acquiring communicable infections, such as pneumococcal pneumonia. LOCAL PROBLEM: Less than 40% of sheltered and unsheltered homeless people in South Florida, who were interviewed for this project, knew their immunization status and/or were up-to-date with their recommended vaccine histories...

AIM: Canadian guidelines recommend that patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receive pneumococcal, influenza and shingles vaccinations. The aim of this study was to identify and understand vaccination rates in Canadian patients with RA. METHODS: We conducted an observational study to evaluate uptake of herpes zoster (HZ), influenza and pneumonia vaccination in a cross-section of patients with RA in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire in patients attending at an academic rheumatology clinic...

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) be included in immunization programs worldwide. In China, the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PREVNAR 7®) was authorized in 2008 but was not included in the national immunization programs. In 2016, PREVNAR 13®, a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), was licensed for optional use in China. We will conduct a scoping review of the distribution of serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children aged under 5 years in China since the introduction of PCV13...

OBJECTIVE: The phase IIIb A Study to Evaluate the Effects of Ocrelizumab on Immune Responses in Participants With Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis (VELOCE) study (NCT02545868) assessed responses to selected vaccines in ocrelizumab (OCR)-treated patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. METHODS: Patients were randomized 2:1 into the OCR group (n = 68; OCR 600 mg) or control group (n = 34; interferon beta or no disease-modifying therapy). All received tetanus toxoid (TT)-containing vaccine, Pneumovax (23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine [23-PPV]), and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)...

Pneumolysin is a highly conserved, cholesterol-dependent cytolysin that is an important Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factor and an attractive target for vaccine development. To attenuate pneumolysin toxicity, a genetic toxoid was constructed with two amino acid changes, G293S and L460D, termed PLY-D, that reduced cytolytic activity > 125,000-fold. In mice, PLY-D elicited high anti-PLY IgG antibody titers that neutralized the cytolytic activity of the wild-type toxin in vitro. To evaluate the protective efficacy of PLY-D, mice were immunized intramuscularly and then challenged intranasally with a lethal dose of 28 clinical isolates of S...

We report an unusual case of a 15-month old previously healthy girl who died of pneumococcal septicemia in the background of visceral heterotaxy with polysplenia. Heterotaxy can also present with asplenia whereas polysplenia cases usually present with functional asplenia. Of particular note, this girl received the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the routine pediatric immunization schedule used in the USA and Canada. Unfortunately, although the strain causing death (serotype 22F) is not contained in Prevnar 13®, it is in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (e...

Background: Pneumococcal diseases are associated with high annual mortality rate among children aged under 5 years worldwide. GBP411 is a 12-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate GBP411's immunogenicity and safety with a dosing schedule of 2 primary doses plus 1 booster dose (2p + 1) administered to healthy infants. Methods: In this randomized, active-controlled (Prevnar 13®), double-blind, phase 2 trial, subjects were eligible if they were aged 6-10 weeks and healthy...

Current guidelines encourage administering pneumococcal vaccine Prevnar-13 to patients with lupus, but whether such vaccinations affect disease severity is unclear. To address this issue, we treated 3-month-old MRL- lpr mice, that spontaneously develop a lupus-like syndrome, with Prevnar-13 or vehicle control. After 3 months, we quantified circulating anti-Pneumococcal polysaccharide capsule (PPS) antibodies and signs of disease severity, including albuminuria, renal histology and skin severity score. We also compared immunophenotypes and function of T and B cells from treated and untreated animals...

Two pneumococcal vaccines are currently licensed for use in adults in the United States: a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13 [Prevnar 13, Pfizer, Inc.]) and a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23 [Pneumovax 23, Merck and Co., Inc.]). In 2014, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)* recommended routine use of PCV13 in series with PPSV23 for all adults aged ≥65 years based on demonstrated PCV13 safety and efficacy against PCV13-type pneumonia among adults aged ≥65 years (1)...

Secondary bacterial pneumonia is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality during seasonal and pandemic influenza. Due to the unpredictability of influenza A virus evolution and the time-consuming process of manufacturing strain-specific influenza vaccines, recent efforts have been focused on developing anti- Streptococcus pneumoniae immunity to prevent influenza-related illness and death. Bacterial vaccination to prevent viral-bacterial synergistic interaction during co-infection is a promising concept that needs further investigation...

Vitamin A deficiencies and insufficiencies are widespread in developing countries, and may be gaining prevalence in industrialized nations. To combat vitamin A deficiency (VAD), the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends high-dose vitamin A supplementation (VAS) in children 6-59 months of age in locations where VAD is endemic. This practice has significantly reduced all-cause death and diarrhea-related mortalities in children, and may have in some cases improved immune responses toward pediatric vaccines...

BACKGROUND: Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is associated with a high morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are currently >98 known serotypes; the most burdensome are covered by current pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) such as PCV10 (Synflorix®) and (Prevnar 13®) PCV13. However, at present no PCV is available on the National Expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI) in Thailand. METHODS: Here we report a systematic review of studies regarding pneumococci associated with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and non-IPD in Thailand...

BACKGROUND: Interpretation of the responses to the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (Pneumovax®23, PPV) has proven challenging. In addition, there are few studies documenting the longevity of these responses. METHODS: The age-specific PPV IgM, IgA, IgG and IgG2 concentrations were determined pre, 4-6 weeks and 6 years post-vaccination in the serum of Prevnar®-naïve adults using VaccZyme™ pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide ELISAs. RESULTS: The median pre-vaccination concentrations were; PPV IgM 53 U/mL (5-95% CI: 16-169 U/mL), IgA 23 U/mL (6-103 U/mL), IgG 41 mg/L (10-184 U/mL) and IgG2 18 mg/L (3-95 U/mL)...

Safety and immunogenicity data from 5 clinical trials conducted in the US in children 12-to-23 months old where HAVi was administered alone or concomitantly with other pediatric vaccines (M-M-R®II, Varivax®, TRIPEDIA®, Prevnar®, ProQuad®, PedvaxHIB®, and INFANRIX®) were combined. Among 4,374 participants receiving ≥ 1 dose of HAVi, 4,222 (97%) had safety follow-up and the proportions reporting adverse events (AE) were comparable when administered alone (69.4%) or concomitantly with other pediatric vaccines (71...