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https://read.qxmd.com/read/33142369/nanodiagnostics-in-leishmaniasis-a-new-frontiers-for-early-elimination
#1
REVIEW
Mallikarjuna Rao Gedda, Prasoon Madhukar, Ashish Shukla, Shyam Lal Mudavath, Onkar Nath Srivastava, Om Prakash Singh, Shyam Sundar
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is still a major public health concern in developing countries having the highest outbreak and mortality potential. While the treatment of VL has greatly improved in recent times, the current diagnostic tools are limited for use in the post-elimination setting. Although conventional serological methods of detection are rapid, they can only differentiate between active disease in strict combination with clinical criteria, and thus are not sufficient enough to diagnose relapse patients...
March 2021: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33142347/anticancer-potential-of-compounds-from-the-brazilian-blue-amazon
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Diego V Wilke, Paula C Jimenez, Paola C Branco, Paula Rezende-Teixeira, Amaro E Trindade-Silva, Anelize Bauermeister, Norberto Peporine Lopes, Leticia V Costa-Lotufo
"Blue Amazon" is used to designate the Brazilian Economic Exclusive Zone, which covers an area comparable in size to that of its green counterpart. Indeed, Brazil flaunts a coastline spanning 8000 km through tropical and temperate regions and hosting part of the organisms accredited for the country's megadiversity status. Still, biodiversity may be expressed at different scales of organization; besides species inventory, genetic characteristics of living beings and metabolic expression of their genes meet some of these other layers...
November 3, 2020: Planta Medica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33142346/brown-algae-polysaccharides-as-active-constituents-against-nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease
#3
REVIEW
Zeinab El Rashed, Elena Grasselli, Hala Khalifeh, Laura Canesi, Ilaria Demori
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a metabolic disorder characterized by lipid overloading in hepatocytes that can progress pathogenically and even end in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease pharmacological treatment is still limited by unwanted side effects, whereas the use of food components with therapeutic potential is advisable. The culinary use of marine algae is traditional for some populations and reviving worldwide, with promising health outcomes due to the large number of bioactive compounds found in seaweeds...
January 2022: Planta Medica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33142326/-diabetes-complications-diabetes-and-the-nervous-system
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Svenja Meyhöfer, Sebastian M Schmid
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease associated with multiple long-term complications. Besides macro- and microvascular complications, patient's well-being can be severely impaired by complications affecting the nervous system. About 50 % of patients with diabetes suffer from polyneuropathy. Moreover, the risk of developing cognitive impairment and dementia is also increased in older people with diabetes. Insufficient glycemic control, young age at diagnosis of diabetes are discussed as risk factors for developing diabetes complications...
November 2020: Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33142308/knowledge-and-attitudes-of-population-living-in-rural-and-semi-rural-areas-towards-covid-19-case-of-the-menoua-division-cameroon
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eméline Zogning Makemjio, Armand Tiotsia Tsapi, Eric Défo Tamgno, Ghyslaine Bruna Djeunang Dongho, Georges Nguefack-Tsague, Carla Montesano, Vittorio Colizzi, Gianluca Russo, Martin Sanou Sobze
BACKGROUND: The pandemic situation the world is facing caused by the new SARS-Cov-2 continues to evolve and still represent a real problem. With more than eight thousand reported cases infection, Cameroon stands as the seventh most affected country in Africa. Prevention remains the best way to fight against this zoonosis. However, the limited information available about this infection is a great barrier to stopping the propagation of the virus within the population, especially in rural and semi-rural areas, where the lack of financial and material resources is a reality...
May 2020: Igiene e Sanità Pubblica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33142279/mechanical-properties-of-graphene-reinforced-aluminium-composite-with-modified-substrate-surface-a-molecular-dynamics-study
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jun Liu, Yingyan Zhang, Henin Zhang, Jie Yang
Due to its extraordinary properties, graphene has been widely used as reinforcing nanofillers to enhance the mechanical properties of polymer- or metal-based composites. However, the weak interfacial interaction between the matrix and graphene is still a major bottleneck that considerably hinders its reinforcing effectiveness and efficiency. This study presents an atomistic study via molecular dynamics (MD) simulation on a chemical modification strategy where the aluminium (Al) substrate is modified with Al2O3 (with or without covalent bonds formed between Al2O3 and graphene) or Al4C3 to achieve significantly improved interfacial shear strength and overall mechanical properties of graphene-reinforced aluminium (Al/Gr) composites...
November 3, 2020: Nanotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33142274/ipem-topical-report-current-molecular-radiotherapy-service-provision-and-guidance-on-the-implications-of-setting-up-a-dosimetry-service
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Allison J Craig, Bruno Rojas, Jill L Wevrett, Elaine Hamer, Andrew Fenwick, Rebecca Gregory
Despite a growth in molecular radiotherapy treatment (MRT) and an increase in interest, centres still rarely perform MRT dosimetry. The aims of this report were to assess the main reasons why centres are not performing MRT dosimetry and provide advice on the resources required to set-up such a service. A survey based in the United Kingdom was developed to establish how many centres provide an MRT dosimetry service and the main reasons why it is not commonly performed. Twenty-eight per cent of the centres who responded to the survey performed some form of dosimetry, with 88% of those centres performing internal dosimetry...
December 22, 2020: Physics in Medicine and Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33142233/breast-cancers-mammary-stem-cells-and-cancer-stem-cells-characteristics-and-hypotheses
#8
REVIEW
Sebastien Taurin, Haifa Alkhalifa
The cellular heterogeneity of breast cancers still represents a major therapeutic challenge. The latest genomic studies have classified breast cancers in distinct clusters to inform the therapeutic approaches and predict clinical outcomes. The mammary epithelium is composed of luminal and basal cells, and this seemingly hierarchical organization is dependent on various stem cells and progenitors populating the mammary gland. Some cancer cells are conceptually similar to the stem cells as they can self-renew and generate bulk populations of nontumorigenic cells...
December 2020: Neoplasia: An International Journal for Oncology Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33142211/development-of-18s-rrna-gene-arrays-for-forensic-detection-of-diatoms
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lin Jiang, Cheng Xiao, Jian Zhao, Tao Jiang, Jun Lin, Quyi Xu, Chao Liu, Weiwen Cai
Diatom test is the most commonly used method to diagnose drowning in forensic laboratories. However, microscopic examination and identification of diatom frustules is time-consuming and requires taxonomic expertise. At present, the identification of drowning is still a challenge in forensic casework. In this study, we developed a novel diatom microarray based on the detection of specific 18S rRNA gene fragments of diatom species. The array covers 169 diatom species which were documented as commonly found in a wide range of fresh waters in China...
September 26, 2020: Forensic Science International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33142152/utilization-of-droplet-digital-pcr-to-survey-resistance-associated-polymorphisms-in-the-%C3%AE-tubulin-gene-of-haemonchus-contortus-in-sheep-flocks-in-sweden
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paulius Baltrušis, Peter Halvarsson, Johan Höglund
Infections with gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) in small ruminants are becoming increasingly harder to treat due to the development of anthelmintic resistance. Across Swedish sheep farms, Haemonchus contortus is one of the more persistent and pathogenic species encountered. Benzimidazole drugs, such as albendazole, are still widely used to control the GIN burden in small ruminants. However, the decline in efficacy of this drug has been observed across the country. In this study, we aimed to continue to investigate the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the β tubulin gene associated with benzimidazole drug resistance in H...
October 27, 2020: Veterinary Parasitology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33142137/is-primary-membranous-nephropathy-a-complement-mediated-disease
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Linda Reinhard, Rolf A K Stahl, Elion Hoxha
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is an immune complex mediated disease. Although limited to the kidney, in up to 20% of patients MN is associated with other autoimmune, infectious or malignant diseases. The initial pathogenetic event in what is still considered "primary" MN is the binding of circulating autoantibodies to proteins (autoantigens) expressed in glomerular podocytes. This antibody binding leads to the formation of immune complexes in the glomerular basement membrane. There is clinical and experimental evidence that these immune deposits lead to the activation of the complement system...
November 1, 2020: Molecular Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33142135/segmentation-of-cellular-patterns-in-confocal-images-of-melanocytic-lesions-in-vivo-via-a-multiscale-encoder-decoder-network-med-net
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kivanc Kose, Alican Bozkurt, Christi Alessi-Fox, Melissa Gill, Caterina Longo, Giovanni Pellacani, Jennifer G Dy, Dana H Brooks, Milind Rajadhyaksha
In-vivo optical microscopy is advancing into routine clinical practice for non-invasively guiding diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other diseases, and thus beginning to reduce the need for traditional biopsy. However, reading and analysis of the optical microscopic images are generally still qualitative, relying mainly on visual examination. Here we present an automated semantic segmentation method called "Multiscale Encoder-Decoder Network (MED-Net)" that provides pixel-wise labeling into classes of patterns in a quantitative manner...
October 7, 2020: Medical Image Analysis
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33142132/management-of-bilateral-wilms-tumour-a-case-report
#13
Irfan Wahyudi, Johannes Aritonang, Agus Rizal A H Hamid, Gerhard R Situmorang, Hendy Mirza, Fina Widia, Arry Rodjani
INTRODUCTION: Wilms' tumour remains the most common renal tumour in children (6% of all pediatric malignancies) and present as one of the most challenging tasks for paediatric urologists as its management requires an advanced procedure. The ultimate goal in these cases is to preserve as much renal parenchyma as possible whilst still achieving complete tumour resection. PRESENTATION OF CASE: Here we present a six year follow up report of a bilateral Wilms' tumour case in a 19-months old boy...
October 19, 2020: International Journal of Surgery Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33142122/male-reproductive-strategies-in-two-species-of-spider-crabs-leurocyclus-tuberculosus-and-libinia-spinosa
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ximena González Pisani, Laura S López Greco
Reproductive strategies vary according to season length, individual reproductive traits, and factors associated with the social context such as density and sex ratio of the individuals. The social context predicts the intensity of sexual selection due to its effect on mate choice and intra-sexual competition. Moreover, it exacerbates the costs derived from sexual conflict and allows for the existence of alternative reproductive tactics to counteract such costs. However, these mechanisms are still underexplored in many animal taxa...
September 25, 2020: Zoology: Analysis of Complex Systems, ZACS
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33142111/statistical-methods-for-dissecting-interactions-between-brain-areas
#15
REVIEW
João D Semedo, Evren Gokcen, Christian K Machens, Adam Kohn, Byron M Yu
The brain is composed of many functionally distinct areas. This organization supports distributed processing, and requires the coordination of signals across areas. Our understanding of how populations of neurons in different areas interact with each other is still in its infancy. As the availability of recordings from large populations of neurons across multiple brain areas increases, so does the need for statistical methods that are well suited for dissecting and interrogating these recordings. Here we review multivariate statistical methods that have been, or could be, applied to this class of recordings...
December 2020: Current Opinion in Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33142084/modelling-population-dynamics-in-a-unicellular-social-organism-community-using-a-minimal-model-and-evolutionary-game-theory
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ravindra Garde, Jan Ewald, Ákos T Kovács, Stefan Schuster
Most unicellular organisms live in communities and express different phenotypes. Many efforts have been made to study the population dynamics of such complex communities of cells, coexisting as well-coordinated units. Minimal models based on ordinary differential equations are powerful tools that can help us understand complex phenomena. They represent an appropriate compromise between complexity and tractability; they allow a profound and comprehensive analysis, which is still easy to understand. Evolutionary game theory is another powerful tool that can help us understand the costs and benefits of the decision a particular cell of a unicellular social organism takes when faced with the challenges of the biotic and abiotic environment...
November 2020: Open Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33142058/highly-stretchable-self-healable-ultrasensitive-strain-and-proximity-sensors-based-on-skin-inspired-conductive-film-for-human-motion-monitoring
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuzhang Du, Guanxiong Yu, Xingyi Dai, Xudong Wang, Bin Yao, Jie Kong
Recently, flexible electronics have been paid great attention due to their unique characteristics, such as high stretchability, arbitrary bending, and recoverable deformation. As a core component, flexible conductive materials with skin-like properties are desirable and valuable for the development of flexible electronics. However, the integration of skin-like mechanical properties, inherent self-healing ability, ultrahigh sensitivity, and electrical conductivity into one material is difficult to be realized...
November 3, 2020: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33142047/new-qualitative-analysis-strategy-for-illicit-drugs-using-raman-spectroscopy-and-characteristic-peaks-method
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cui-Mei Liu, Hong-Yuan He, Lin Xu, Zhen-Dong Hua
Performing fast qualitative identification of seized illegal drugs by Raman spectroscopy is challenging due to fluorescence interference as well as chemical complexity. Spectrometers with 785 nm excitation, 1064 nm excitation, and sequentially shifted excitation (SSE) were compared for their effect on fluorescence reduction. The characteristic peaks method, which is independent of cutting agents, was tested as a new strategy to broaden the application of the Raman technique. The suitability of the characteristic peaks method was fully examined by analyzing a large amount of seized illegal drugs, including 72 methamphetamine hydrochloride (concentration range of 13...
November 3, 2020: Drug Testing and Analysis
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33142045/emerging-roles-of-long-noncoding-rnas-in-cholangiocarcinoma-advances-and-challenges
#19
REVIEW
Yang Yang, Xueting Deng, Quanpeng Li, Fei Wang, Lin Miao, Qi Jiang
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a cancer with a relatively low incidence rate, is usually associated with poor prognosis. Current modalities for the diagnosis and treatment of CCA patients are still far from satisfactory. In recent years, numerous long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as crucial players in the development of various cancers, including CCA. Abnormally expressed lncRNAs in CCA, regulated by some upstream molecules, significantly influence the biological behavior of tumor cells and are involved in tumor development through various mechanisms, including interactions with functional proteins, participation in competing for endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks, activation of cancer-related signaling pathways and epigenetic modification of gene expression...
December 2020: Cancer Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33142009/a-luminescence-based-coupled-enzyme-assay-enables-high-throughput-quantification-of-the-bacterial-second-messenger-3-3-cyclic-di-amp
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shivam Zaver, Alex Pollock, Vishant Boradia, Joshua Woodward
Cyclic dinucleotide signaling systems are found ubiquitously throughout nature allowing organisms to rapidly and dynamically sense and respond to alterations in their environments. In recent years, the secondary messenger, cyclic di-(3',5')-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP), has been identified as an essential signaling molecule in a diverse array of bacterial genera. We and others have shown that defects in c-di-AMP homeostasis result in severe physiological defects and virulence attenuation in many bacterial species...
November 3, 2020: Chembiochem: a European Journal of Chemical Biology
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