Radioimages

Rationale : Multimodal imaging provides important pharmacokinetic and dosimetry information during nanomedicine development and optimization. However, accurate quantitation is time-consuming, resource intensive, and requires anatomical expertise. Methods : We present NanoMASK: a 3D U-Net adapted deep learning tool capable of rapid, automatic organ segmentation of multimodal imaging data that can output key clinical dosimetry metrics without manual intervention. This model was trained on 355 manually-contoured PET/CT data volumes of mice injected with a variety of nanomaterials and imaged over 48 hours...

INTRODUCTION: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a viral disease with primary pulmonary involvement and systemic impact. This article aims to assess the importance of clinical, biological, demographic and radioimaging parameters in COVID-19 patients in characterizing the incidence and severity of the hepatobiliary involvement. METHODS: We performed an observational cohort study on 132 consecutive patients, evaluating their demographics, hospitalization period, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) in the ambient air, as well as biochemical markers of hepatobiliary involvement: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), serum albumin, total serum proteins, D-dimers; coagulation tests such as prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and international normalized ratio (INR); inflammatory markers: fibrinogen, serum ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α)...

PURPOSE: To investigate the diagnostic value of dual phase CT angiography (CTA) in carotid web and its correlation with ischemic stroke. METHODS: The imaging data of 726 patients with cervical CTA from January 2015 to November 2019 in Taizhou People's hospital were retrospectively and consecutively analyzed. A total of 16 patients with 23 carotid webs were obtained. The location, morphology and clinical data of 16 patients were observed. Carotid web was identified by two experienced radioimaging experts according to the characteristics of a thin intraluminal filling defect along the posterior wall of the carotid bulb on sagittal CTA and a septum structure in arteries on axial CTA...

Dengue fever is a major health concern in India. There are various reports in the literature regarding the ocular manifestations of this febrile illness. We are reporting a rare case of a woman in her late 30s who developed coexisting bilateral ciliochoroidal effusion syndrome with an isolated cytotoxic corpus callosum lesion associated with dengue febrile illness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of its kind. It opens the avenues for neurological and radioimaging attention for such cases with bilateral ciliochoroidal effusion syndrome...

Glaucoma is a multifactorial degenerative optic neuropathy characterized by the irreversible loss of retinal ganglion cells. Vascular, genetic, anatomical and immune factors are present in etiopathogenic mechanisms. Being the second cause of blindness worldwide after cataract, and with an irreversible character, glaucoma has turned into a disease with a significant impact on public health. Patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) may have central neurodegenerative changes, such as sensorineural hearing loss and static changes...

BACKGROUND: Many studies have reported Xp 11.2 translocation renal cancer in radioimaging,but there is little literature on the evaluation of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma by ultrasound. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ultrasonographic features and diagnostic value of renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion in children and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical and ultrasonographic data of 10 patients with renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11...

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has received increasing attention as an oncologic target because of its prominent expression in solid tumors but virtual absence from healthy tissues. Most radioligand therapies (RLTs) targeting FAP, however, suffer from inadequate tumor retention or clearance from healthy tissues. Herein we report a FAP-targeted RLT comprising an FAP6 ligand conjugated to DOTA and an albumin binder (4- p -iodophenylbutyric acid, or IP) for enhanced pharmacokinetics. We evaluated the performance of the resulting FAP6-IP-DOTA conjugate in 4 tumor models, 3 of which express FAP only on cancer-associated fibroblasts, that is, analogously to human tumors...

Research on graphene based nanomaterials has flourished in the last decade due their unique properties and emerging socio-economic impact. In the context of their potential exploitation for biomedical applications, there is a growing need for the development of more efficient imaging techniques to track the fate of these materials. Herein we propose the first correlative imaging approach based on the combination of radioimaging and mass spectrometry imaging for the detection of Graphene Oxide (GO) labelled with carbon-14 in mice...

Sinonasal lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) is an extremely rare malignancy that shares some characteristics with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In Asian populations, Epstein-Barr virus has been reported to be associated with LEC located outside of the nasopharynx. We report a rare case of sinonasal LEC with locoregional extension (brain and orbit). A 39-year-old Malay male initially presented with profound blurring of vision on the left eye (LE) and proptosis, followed by nasal symptoms of anosmia. Clinical examination revealed that the LE visual acuity was 6/36, with reduced optic nerve function with normal funduscopic findings, non-axial proptosis, and minimal limitation of extraocular movement...

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men and the development of new therapeutic agents is needed for its treatment and/or diagnosis. 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17β-HSD3) is involved in the production of androgens, which stimulates the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Piperazinomethyl-androsterone sulfonamide derivatives were developed as 17β-HSD3 inhibitors and the concentration of a representative sulfonamide derivative (compound 1) was found to accumulate in prostate tumor tissues relatively to plasma in a mouse xenograft experiment...

The aim of study was to evaluate various otological manifestations of temporal bone fractures and to suggest their management. This prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Armed Forces over 2.5 years in 57 cases of temporal bone fracture in patients of age group of 12-59 yrs comprising 49 males and 8 females. Radioimaging was done for diagnosing the fracture, mapping its extent and for clinical correlation. Hearing was assessed by tuning forks, free field hearing and pure tone audiogram as per the fitness of patient...

New radioimaging techniques, exploiting the quantitative variables of imaging, permit to identify an hypothetical pathological tissue. We have applied this potential in a series of 72 adrenal incidentalomas (AIs) followed at our center, subdivided in functioning and non-functioning using laboratory findings. Each AI was studied in the preliminary non-contrast phase with a specific software (Mazda), surrounding a region of interest within each lesion. A total of 314 features were extrapolated. Mean and standard deviations of features were obtained and the difference in means between the two groups was statistically analyzed...

Multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder may be seen in the acute setting of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection or even post-recovery. Such patients may present with optic neuropathy along with weakness in the back and lower limbs. Ascending paralysis can present with respiratory distress in acute COVID-19 infection and may even prove to be fatal. We report a unique case of a 16-year-old female with past history of COVID-19 infection having optic neuropathy, and radioimaging showing demyelinating plaques in the central nervous system with spinal cord edema...

Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare malignant vascular neoplasm with unpredictable clinical behavior. These lesions are frequently misdiagnosed owing to its non-specific symptomatology, ambiguous radiological features, and overlapping histomorphology. We report three cases of hepatic EHE, of which one was male and two were female patients. While all three patients presented with abdominal pain, the male patient gave an additional history of weight loss and was jaundiced. The radioimaging showed multiple nodules in the liver and two of the patients also had pulmonary metastasis...

Recent studies suggest that every year worldwide about a million patients might be exposed to doses of the order of 100 mGy of low-LET radiation, due to recurrent application of radioimaging procedures. This paper presents a synthesis of recent epidemiological evidence on radiation-related cancer risks from low-LET radiation doses of this magnitude. Evidence from pooled analyses and meta-analyses also involving epidemiological studies that, individually, do not find statistically significant radiation-related cancer risks is reviewed, and evidence from additional and more recent epidemiological studies of radiation exposures indicating excess cancer risks is also summarized...

Our previous studies identified that nimesulide analogs which bear a methoxy substituent at the para-position of the phenyl ring could be potential radiotracer candidates for detecting disorders related to cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and activity in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET) in the brain. The present study was conducted to evaluate the in vivo characteristics of 11 C-labeled para-methoxy nimesulide ([11 C]1d) as a brain COX-2-targeted imaging agent compared to other isomeric methoxy analogs of nimesulide ([11 C]1b and [11 C]1c)...

Referring patients with severe medical conditions, like brain stroke, from small or rural hospitals to tertiary care centers is often overexploited leading to a kind of defensive medicine. The issue of a patient referral system remains unaddressed in Nepal. In this article, we investigated the legitimacy of referring patients with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) from country peripheral hospitals to the leading tertiary neurological center in Nepal. We found that 81 out of the 130 ICH patients reviewed in the study were referred...

Adoptive T cell therapies (ACT) have demonstrated groundbreaking results in blood cancers and melanoma. Nevertheless, their significant cost, the occurrence of severe adverse events, and their poor performance in solid tumors are important hurdles hampering more widespread applicability. In vivo cell-tracking allows instantaneous and non-invasive monitoring of the distribution, tumor homing, persistence, and redistribution to other organs of infused T cells in patients. Furthermore, cell-tracking could aid in the clinical management of patients, allowing the detection of non-responders or severe adverse events at an early stage...

Curcumin, an active component of the rhizome turmeric, has gained much attention as a plant-based compound with pleiotropic pharmacological properties. It possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory activities. However, the health-promoting utility of curcumin is constrained due to its hydrophobic nature, water insolubility, poor bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and systemic elimination. Therefore, an innovative stride was taken, and complexes of metals with curcumin have been synthesized...

The last step in influenza virus replication involves the assembly of viral components on the infected cell's plasma membrane followed by budding of intact virus from the host cell surface. Because viral neuraminidase and hemagglutinin are both inserted into the host cell's membrane during this process, influenza virus-infected cells are distinguished from uninfected cells by the presence of viral neuraminidase and hemagglutinin on their cell surfaces. In an effort to exploit this difference in cell surface markers for development of diagnostic and therapeutic agents, we have modified an influenza neuraminidase inhibitor, zanamivir, for targeting of attached imaging and therapeutic agents selectively to influenza viruses and virus-infected cells...