Extended scope

Efficient protocols have been described for the synthesis of 1,3-benzoselenazines, 1,3-benzothiazines, 2-aryl thiazin-4-ones and diaryl[b,f][1,5]diazocine-6,12(5H,11H)-diones. These transformations were successfully driven towards the product formation under mild acid catalyzed reaction conditions at room temperature using 2-amino aryl/hetero-aryl alkyl alcohols and amides as substrates. The merits of the present methods also rely on the easy access of rarely explored bioactive scaffolds like 1,3-benzoselenazine derivatives, for which well-documented methods are rarely known in the literature...

BACKGROUND: Extended sleeve lobectomy is rarely applied to pulmonary surgery for primary lung cancer to avoid a pneumonectomy. As there is a size discrepancy between main bronchus and peripheral bronchus, ingenuity to improve anastomosis is required in the bronchoplasty. We report herein a case in which successful reconstruction of extended sleeve lobectomy with bronchial wall flap. CASE PRESENTATION: We report on a 64-year-old man suffering from hemoptysis, cough, mild fever and dyspnea...

The study of wilderness medicine is within the scope of medical care in the austere environment and addresses medicine as practiced in the setting of delayed access to definitive medical care, hostile environment, limited equipment, and inherent risks to the patient and/or rescuers. Part of this topic includes the care of patients with neurologic illness and/or injury.We will address the five most important skills of a wilderness medicine professional: decision making, prevention, preparation, protocol development, and education by applying the principles to select common neurologic problems that occur in the extended environment: traumatic brain injury, dehydration, hyponatremia, heat illness, hypothermia, spine injury, and lightning injury...

Artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) result from anchoring a metal-containing moiety within a macromolecular scaffold (protein or oligonucleotide). The resulting hybrid catalyst combines attractive features of both homogeneous catalysts and enzymes. This strategy includes the possibility of optimizing the reaction by both chemical (catalyst design) and genetic means leading to achievement of a novel degree of (enantio)selectivity, broadening of the substrate scope, or increased activity, among others. In the past 20 years, the Ward group has exploited, among others, the biotin-(strept)avidin technology to localize a catalytic moiety within a well-defined protein environment...

Dictyostelium discoideum is an intriguing model organism for the study of cell differentiation processes during development, cell signaling, and other important cellular biology questions. The technologies available to genetically manipulate Dictyostelium cells are well-developed. Transfections can be performed using different selectable markers and marker re-cycling, including homologous recombination and insertional mutagenesis. This is supported by a well-annotated genome. However, these approaches are optimized for axenic cell lines growing in liquid cultures and are difficult to apply to non-axenic wild-type cells, which feed only on bacteria...

PURPOSE: An evidence-based approach to assessment is critical for ensuring the development of clinical reasoning (CR) competence. The wide array of CR assessment methods creates challenges for selecting assessments fit for the purpose; thus, a synthesis of the current evidence is needed to guide practice. A scoping review was performed to explore the existing menu of CR assessments. METHOD: Multiple databases were searched from their inception to 2016 following PRISMA guidelines...

Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries face a growing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD), attributed to economic, nutritional, demographic, and epidemiological transitions. These factors increase the prevalence of CVD risk factors, and the CVD burden overlaps with a high prevalence of infectious diseases. This review aimed to understand CVD healthcare utilization determinants and levels in SSA. We conducted a systematic search of the literature on major databases for the period 2008⁻2018 using exhaustive combinations of CVD and utilization indicators as search terms...

Feldman et al. (Human Development, 36, 327-342, 1993) called for a new kind of psychology, a cultural cognitive developmental psychology. We critically consider their initial studies to discuss the scope of their program. In the spirit of this program we explore the development of scaffolding of narrative emotion regulation in adolescence. We present two co-narrations of sad events between mothers and their 12- and 18-year-old offspring to exemplify these mothers' age-sensitive strategies to scaffold adolescents' narrative emotion regulation...

The coated Z-scheme Pd-BaZrO3 @WO3 composite as a new-type sonocatalyst with highly sonocatalytic performance is first constructed through sol-gel and hydro-thermal synthesis methods. The chemical configuration, structure and component are characterized by a series of characterization methods. The sonocatalytic degradation of diazinon as a model pollutant is studied to estimate the sonocatalytic performance of coated Z-scheme Pd-BaZrO3 @WO3 composite. Some affecting factors such as Pd-BaZrO3 and WO3 mass proportions, ultrasonic (US) irradiation time, reusability and catalyst dosage are researched in detail through UV-vis spectra and gas chromatography (GC)...

Vehicle detection with category inference on video sequence data is an important but challenging task for urban traffic surveillance. The difficulty of this task lies in the fact that it requires accurate localization of relatively small vehicles in complex scenes and expects real-time detection. In this paper, we present a vehicle detection framework that improves the performance of the conventional Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD), which effectively detects different types of vehicles in real-time. Our approach, which proposes the use of different feature extractors for localization and classification tasks in a single network, and to enhance these two feature extractors through deconvolution (D) and pooling (P) between layers in the feature pyramid, is denoted as DP-SSD...

Fiber-based electronic and photonic devices have the most desired human-friendly features, such as being soft, ubiquitous, flexible, stretchable, light, and permeable, and thus are ideal to be employed as the interface platform between humans, the environment, and machines. Today, these smart wearable devices are normally powered by rechargeable batteries. It is extremely desirable to have an undisrupted power supply for us to go anywhere at any time. Harvesting energy from the ambient environment or our body can potentially fulfill such a goal...

The systematic identification of regulatory elements that control gene expression remains a challenge. Genetic screens that use untargeted mutagenesis have the potential to identify protein-coding genes, non-coding RNAs and regulatory elements, but their analysis has mainly focused on identifying the former two. To identify regulatory elements, we conducted a new bioinformatics analysis of insertional mutagenesis screens interrogating WNT signaling in haploid human cells. We searched for specific patterns of retroviral gene trap integrations (used as mutagens in haploid screens) in short genomic intervals overlapping with introns and regions upstream of genes...

Redesigned health systems could meet the rising demand for healthcare, with community pharmacy currently an underused resource for the treatment and management of patients requiring urgent care. This study aimed to investigate whether a training intervention delivered over 2 days to community pharmacists resulted in behaviour and practice change. Validated measures of psychological motivation and capability factors relevant to understanding behaviour and behaviour change were collected 1 week before, 1 week after and 2 months after training in a non-controlled before and after study design...

Efficiency indicators have been frequently used to assess end-of-life chain performance, mostly. In terms of the percentage of mass sent to re-use, recycling, and/or energy recovery facilities. While legislation gives a standard definition for recycling and recovery rates, stakeholders sometimes redefine them to better fit their own scopes and objectives. Therefore, to accurately interpret the results of an efficiency indicator, during a decision-making process, it's necessary to fully understand the scope definition used to calculate it...

The scope of forensic kinship analysis is being extended to more distant or complex relationships. However, current methods and standards in this field do not meet the needs of casework. The next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology may hold an advantage in this field to traditional methods due to its strong power to get much more genetic information. To evaluate the effectiveness of NGS to identify the 2nd-degree kinship pairs, DNA samples of 227 individuals from 49 Hebei Han pedigrees were tested by Goldeneye™ 20A kit using capillary electrophoresis (CE) to confirm the relationships within each pedigree, and those of 111 individuals within 97 confirmed grandparent-grandchild or avuncular pairs were analyzed by ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep Kit using MiSeq® FGx™ DNA sequencing platform...

The list of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) defined under U.S. EPA Method 539 was recently expanded to include additional hormones and bisphenol A (BPA). Here, we validated a fast and robust alternative method compliant with Method 539.1 requirements in diverse water matrixes (i.e., ultra-pure water, tap water, surface water, and wastewater influent and effluent). Automated large volume injection solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled on-line to ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was investigated for this purpose...

Ferulic acid decarboxylase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ScFDC1) was described to possess a novel, prenylated flavin mononucleotide cofactor (prFMN) providing the first enzymatic 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition mechanism. The high tolerance of the enzyme towards several non-natural substrates, combined with its high quality, atomic resolution structure nominates FDC1 an ideal candidate as flexible biocatalyst for decarboxylation reactions leading to synthetically valuable styrenes. Herein the substrate scope of ScFDC1 is explored on substituted cinnamic acids bearing different functional groups (-OCH3 , -CF3 or -Br) at all positions of the phenyl ring (o-, m-, p-), as well as on several biaryl and heteroaryl cinnamic acid analogues or derivatives with extended alkyl chain...

Historians of science have noted that modern nation-states and capitalism necessitated the systematic creation and implementation of a wide array of knowledge and technologies to produce a more productive and robust population. Commonly labeled as biopolitical practices in Foucauldian sense, such endeavors have often been discussed in the realms of public hygiene, housing, birth control, and child mortality, among others. This article is an attempt to extend the scope of the discussion by exploring a relatively understudied domain of nutrition science as a critical case of social engineering and intervention, specifically during and after World War I in the case of Japan...

Ethyl carbamate (EC), a potential carcinogen, can be formed during the fermentation and storage of alcoholic beverages. In this work, quantitative detection of EC in alcoholic beverages by using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is reported. Flower-shaped silver nanostructure substrates and silver nanocube substrates were prepared and employed as SERS platform. Flower-like silver substrates had better Raman enhancement effect on EC and were selected for further EC detection. In EC SERS spectra based on flower-shaped silver substrates, the strongest and reproducible characteristic band at 857 cm-1 was chosen for establishing a linear regression model in the concentrations ranging from 10-5 to 10-9 M, which effectively extended the application scope of the quantitative model for determination EC...

d-Psicose/allulose is a rare sugar and it has high potential benefits for pharmaceutical and food industry. The existed analytical methods have its own limitations to quantify fructose and d-psicose mixtures. Hence there is a need for the development of an effective, efficient and sensitive analytical method for quantification of d-psicose in presence of other sugars. Quantification of sugars by capillary electrophoresis (CE) have been previously reported. However, the list does not include d-psicose. In this study, d-psicose is successfully quantified for the first time in the presence of d-fructose and glucose with a good resolution...