Hemoglobin variability hyporesponsiveness

INTRODUCTION: A negative association between C-terminal fibroblast growth factor 23 (cFGF23) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels has been reported in patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease. In dialysis patients, the dominant form of serum FGF23 is intact FGF23 (iFGF23); however, its association with the Hb level remains unclear. Therefore, simultaneously monitoring iFGF23 and cFGF23 levels is crucial. In this study, we investigated the associations between both forms of FGF23 (iFGF23 and cFGF23) and renal anemia in chronic hemodialysis (CHD) patients...

BACKGROUND: Erythropoietin-stimulating agent (ESA) hyporesponsiveness is commonly observed in patients with anemia secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Because of its complexity, a global consensus on how we should define ESA hyporesponsiveness remains unavailable. The reported prevalence and demographic information on ESA hyporesponsiveness within the CKD population are variable with no consensus definition. SUMMARY: ESA hyporesponsiveness is defined as having no increase in hemoglobin concentration from baseline after the first month of treatment on appropriate weight-based dosing...

Rationale & Objective: Since the change in erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) labeling and bundling of dialysis services in the United States, few studies have addressed the clinical importance of ESA hyporesponsiveness and none have considered health care resource use in this population. We aimed to further explore ESA hyporesponsiveness and its consequences. Study Design: Retrospective observational cohort study. Setting & Participants: US Renal Data System Medicare participants receiving dialysis with a minimum 6 months of continuous ESA use from 2012 to 2014...

INTRODUCTION: Erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESA) hyporesposiveness has been associated with increased mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, the impact of decline of residual kidney function (RKF) on ESA hyporesposiveness has not been adequately elucidated among patients receiving HD. METHODS: The associations of RKF decline with erythropoietin resistance index (ERI; average weekly ESA dose [units])/post-dialysis body weight [kg]/hemoglobin [g/dL]) were retrospectively examined across four strata of annual change in RKF (residual renal urea clearance [KRU] < -3...

INTRODUCTION: High-dose erythropoietin (EPO) administration to hemodialysis (HD) patients with EPO hyporesponsiveness, due to iron deficiency, hyperparathyroidism, malnutrition, inflammation, and inadequate HD, results in increased risk of mortality and cardiovascular events. We investigated the relationship of the EPO dose requirement with 4-, 5-, and 6-hour HD treatment times. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 300 HD patients, including those on 4-hour HD (n = 78), 5-hour HD (n = 106), and 6-hour HD (n = 116)...

Following the publication of the TREAT study, the treatment of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become much more complicated than before. The nephrologist needs to analyze the individual patient and prescribe the best treatment option for that patient. Treatment individualization has thus become the mainstay of anemia management. This paradigm needs to take into account the hemoglobin (Hb) level at the start and during erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) therapy, ESA dose, patient comorbidities and concomitant iron therapy...

INTRODUCTION: Resistance to erythropoietin (EPO) treatment has been associated with inflammation and malnutrition in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Depression has also been associated with both inflammation and malnutrition; however, the specific relationship between depressive symptoms and EPO resistance is not known. In the current study, the relationship between depressive symptoms and EPO resistance as evaluated by erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) hyporesponsiveness index (EHRI) was analyzed...

Darbepoetin alfa is a recombinant erythropoiesis-stimulating agent, with a longer half-life leaving the possibility to extending dosing administration in haemodialysis patients. A protocol of injection every 2weeks was initiated in the dialysis unit. From 2005 to 2007, 176 dialysis patients were studied with a target haemoglobin level between 11 and 12.5g/dL: the median haemoglobin level was ranged from 11.32 and 11.72g/dL during the study with a median darbepoetin alfa dose injected between 60 and 64μg per injection (0...

BACKGROUND: Identification of predictors of hyporesponsiveness to erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) in hemodialysis (HD) patients may help improve anemia management and reduce hemoglobin level variability. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted repeated-measure and logistic regression analyses in a retrospective cohort of long-term HD patients to examine the association of iron markers and measures of renal osteodystrophy with ESA responsiveness. The ESA response coefficient at the individual level, ie, the least confounded dose-response association, was separated from the population level, assumed to represent confounding by medical indication...

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially those requiring maintenance hemodialysis treatments, may lose up to 3 g of iron each year because of frequent blood losses. Higher doses of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) may worsen iron depletion and lead to an increased platelet count (thrombocytosis), ESA hyporesponsiveness, and hemoglobin variability. Hence, ESA therapy requires concurrent iron supplementation. Traditional iron markers such as serum ferritin and transferrin saturation ratio (TSAT) (ie, serum iron divided by total iron-binding capacity [TIBC]), may be confounded by non-iron-related conditions...

Hemoglobin (Hb) variability is considered a discrete clinical entity that when present may presage poor clinical outcomes. However, Hb variability is an intrinsic property of biological systems and is present in all patients, those with and without the anemia of chronic kidney disease. Taken together, variability actually represents the integration of multiple influences at multiple levels in the life of a red cell, namely the summation of positive and negative influences on erythropoiesis. Thus, Hb variability may be interpreted as a mathematic function of time and is the result of a host of influences including definition of the normal Hb range, native erythron responsiveness/hyporesponsiveness, temporal changes in endogenous and exogenous erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) levels, the algorithms used to dose ESAs and their duration of action, the presence of biologically available iron, red cell turnover, and recyclable and non-recyclable blood loss and gain...

Antiplatelet resistance has been proposed as a possible mechanism to explain recurrent cardiovascular events in patients who have coronary artery disease and who are undergoing dual antiplatelet therapy. A comprehensive search on PubMed was conducted for literature that was printed in the English language between January 1996 and November 2007 on aspirin and clopidogrel resistance. Significant traits for aspirin hyporesponsiveness were female sex, older age, and lower levels of hemoglobin. Diabetes mellitus and elevated body mass index showed trends toward a higher incidence of resistance in some aspirin trials but did not reach statistical significance...

BACKGROUND: The required erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) dose varies when correcting anaemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. This analysis was performed to identify the prevalence of and factors associated with ESA hyporesponsiveness. METHODS: This analysis was a post hoc evaluation of epoetin alfa dosage requirements in a subgroup of patients from the Effect of early Correction of Anemia on the Progression of CKD study. The patients in this subgroup were randomly assigned to the high haemoglobin target group (14-15 g/dl for men and 13-14 g/dl for women) and completed a 4-month haemoglobin stabilization phase with complete epoetin dosage data...

Patients receiving recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) therapy show wide variability in their responsiveness to the drug. Variables that affect rHuEPO dose requirements can be broadly divided into modificable and immutable characteristics. Most of the scientific research on rHuEPO hyporesponsiveness has focused on modificable variables (iron status, dialysis adequacy), while immutable variables such as gender, etiology of chronic renal failure (CRF) and age have been insufficiently explored. A cross sectional study was performed in order to evaluate if immutable patient characteristics determine rHuEPO dose requirements among 215 patients (52% males; mean age 66 +/- 14 years) on hemodialysis (HD) for more than twelve months...

BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammation is a well-known cause of hyporesponsiveness of the bone marrow to erythropoietin (Epo). Factors which contribute to Epo resistance in the presence of inflammation include inhibition of erythroid precursor proliferation and functional iron deficiency induced by inflammatory cytokines. The specific role of iron deficiency in this clinical context, however, has not yet been clarified. METHODS: Our dialysis population consisted of 200 patients, from which 163 (91 males, mean age 67 +/- 12 years) who had been in dialysis for at least 4 (mean 62...

BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency (ID) is the main cause of hyporesponsiveness to erythropoietin in haemodialysis patients and its detection is of value since it is easily corrected by intravenous iron. Markers of iron supply to the erythron, including erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin (Er-ZPP), percentage of hypochromic erythrocytes (Hypo), reticulocyte haemoglobin content (CHr) and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), may be more accurate predictors of ID than ferritin (Fer) and transferrin saturation (TSat), but relative diagnostic power and best threshold values are not yet established...