Image Analize

BACKGROUND: The study aim to analyze the impact of interventions to help mitigate the influence of social networks on anorexia and bulimia nervosa. METHODOLOGY: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria were: randomized clinical trials, published between 2013 and 2023 with a score = 5 points on the Van Tulder methodological quality scale. RESULTS: Eight studies were selected, most carried out in secondary education centers or universities; one was online...

Anorectal melanoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy with a challenging diagnosis and management. We present the case of a 69-year-old male with a history of chronic constipation and recent weight loss, who presented with symptoms suggestive of anorectal pathology. Despite initial diagnostic challenges, including an unsuccessful colonoscopy due to inadequate bowel preparation, the subsequent radiographic evaluation revealed a large bowel obstruction secondary to a protruding anorectal mass. Abdominal X-ray demonstrated significant colonic dilation while contrast-enhanced CT scan revealed a large hypodense mass protruding from the anal canal...

Demand for anal cancer screening is expected to rise following the recent publication of the ANCHOR trial, which showed that treatment of HSIL significantly reduces the rate of progression to anal cancer. While screening for HPV-associated squamous lesions in the cervix is well-established and effective, this is less true for other sites in the lower anogenital tract. Current anal cancer screening and prevention rely on high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) with biopsies. This procedure has a steep learning curve for providers and may cause patient discomfort...

It is estimated that 96% of infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) are born in resource-limited settings with no capacity to provide the standard of care that has been established for nearly 15 years in high-resource countries, which includes therapeutic hypothermia (TH), continuous electroencephalographic monitoring and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in addition to close vital signs and haemodynamic monitoring. This situation does not seem to be changing; however, even with these limitations, currently available knowledge can help improve the care of HIE patients in resource-limited settings...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze the anteroposterior position between the upper incisors (UI) and the soft tissues based on photographs in which the head has been oriented along the Frankfort Horizontal Plane. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Restrospective case-control study carried out by analizing photographic and CBCT images of 109 patientes. The sample was divided into 4 different groups: 21 normocclusive (N), 29 Class II/1st, 29 Class II/2nd y 30 Class III...

(1) Introduction : The laparoscopic approach to low pelvic tumors is challenging and hindered by suboptimal tumor visualization and dissection, with possible oncological failure. Stereotactic navigation provides real-time image guidance that may optimize safety, accuracy, and precision when dissecting challenging low pelvic tumors. (2) Methods: Preoperative CT images were acquired with eight skin-fixed fiducials and loaded into a navigation system. A patient tracker was mounted on the bed side. Patient-to-image paired point registration was performed, and an instrument tracker was mounted on a laparoscopic instrument and calibrated for instrument tracking...

Dixon surgery for rectal cancer can lead to severe intestinal narrowing and blockage that is difficult to treat with open surgery or colonoscopy. The aim of the present study was to develop a minimally invasive approach for treating rectal anastomotic atresia based on three cases that were managed with transurethral prostate resection instrumentation. Preoperative imaging determined the distance from the anastomotic closure to the anal margin, the length of the anastomotic closure and the degree of proximal intestinal dilation for all cases...

INTRODUCTION: Pneumorrachis is presence of air in the epidural space. It could be the result of trauma, barotrauma, iatrogenic or spontaneous. The pneumorrachis per se is an underdiagnosed entity as most of the patients are asymptomatic or have subclinical symptoms. The spontaneous occurrence of pneumorrachis has been reported in literature but giant spontaneous occurrence causing cauda equina syndrome has not been reported so far. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of 56-year-old male patient who came to our OPD on wheelchair with complains of difficulty in walking for 6 months with dribbling of urine for 2 months with on and off back pain...

BACKGROUND: The functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) is a test of anal sphincter distensibility under evaluation by specialist centers. Two measurement protocols termed "stepwise" and "ramp" are used, risking a lack of standardization. This study aims to compare the performance of these protocols to establish if there are differences between them. METHODS: Patients with fecal incontinence were recruited and underwent measurement with both protocols at a tertiary pelvic floor referral unit...

Endoanal ultrasound (EAUS) is a valuable imaging modality for the evaluation of anal and perianal pathologies. It provides detailed information about the anatomy and physiology of the anorectal region and has been used in pre-and post-operative settings of anorectal pathologies. EAUS is not only useful in the evaluation of benign pathologies but also in loco-regional staging of anal and rectal tumors. EAUS has several advantages over MRI, including reduced cost, better patient tolerance, and improved scope of application in patients with contraindications to MRI...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: A poor prognostic factor for Crohn's disease (CD) includes perianal fistulizing disease, including perianal fistula and/or perianal abscess. Currently, a tool to assess perianal symptoms in patients with CD remains nonexistent. This study aimed to develop a perianal fistulizing disease self-screening questionnaire for patients with CD. METHODS: This prospective pilot study was conducted at three tertiary referral centers between January 2019 and May 2020...

OBJECTIVE: Functional MRI (fMRI) can be employed to assess neuronal activity in the central nervous system. However, investigating the spinal cord using fMRI poses several technical difficulties. Enhancing the fMRI signal intensity in the spinal cord can improve the visualization and analysis of different neural pathways, particularly those involved in bladder function. The bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR) is an excellent method for evaluating the integrity of the sacral spinal cord. Instead of stimulating the glans penis or clitoris, the BCR can be simulated comfortably by tapping the suprapubic region...

BACKGROUND: It is challenging to identify residual or recurrent fistulas from the surgical region, while MR imaging is feasible. The aim was to use dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging (DCE-MRI) technology to distinguish between active anal fistula and postoperative healing (granulation) tissue. METHODS: Thirty-six patients following idiopathic anal fistula underwent DCE-MRI. Subjects were divided into Group I (active fistula) and Group IV (postoperative healing tissue), with the latter divided into Group II (≤ 75 days) and Group III (> 75 days) according to the 75-day interval from surgery to postoperative MRI reexamination...

BACKGROUND: Approximately 85% of women experience an obstetric tear at delivery and up to 25% subsequently experience wound dehiscence and/or infection. Previous publications suggest that intravenous antibiotics administrated during delivery reduces this risk. We do not know if oral antibiotics given after delivery can reduce the risk of wound dehiscence or infection. Our aim is to investigate whether three doses of oral antibiotics (amoxicillin 500 mg/clavulanic acid 125 mg) given after delivery can reduce the risk of wound dehiscence and infection in patients with a second-degree obstetric tear or episiotomy...

PURPOSE: Perianal fistulae are disabling complications of Crohn's Disease. Magnetic resonance imaging features could predict treatment response. This study aimed to determine which magnetic resonance imaging features were predictive of long-term clinical outcome in real life. METHODS: Consecutive patients with magnetic resonance imaging performed in a tertiary center were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical outcome was defined as a need for surgical drainage of perianal fistulae or hospitalization...

IMPORTANCE: Surgical site infections (SSIs)-especially anastomotic dehiscence-are major contributors to morbidity and mortality after rectal resection. The role of mechanical and oral antibiotics bowel preparation (MOABP) in preventing complications of rectal resection is currently disputed. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether MOABP reduces overall complications and SSIs after elective rectal resection compared with mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) plus placebo. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted at 3 university hospitals in Finland between March 18, 2020, and October 10, 2022...

A 54-year-old African-American male presented to the colorectal surgery clinic with the chief complaint of a painful anal swelling that had been ongoing for several weeks. An adequate rectal examination was not possible due to severe pain. Therefore, he was taken to the operating room for an exam under anesthesia where a presacral mass was identified. A transgluteal core needle biopsy was performed which was consistent with gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Computed tomography imaging identified a 16 cm ×10 cm ×9 cmrectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Hirschsprung disease is defined by the absence of enteric nervous system (ENS) from distal bowel. Primary treatment is "pull-through" surgery to remove bowel that lacks ENS with re-anastomosis of "normal" bowel near the anal verge. Problems after pull-through are common and some may be due to retained hypoganglionic bowel (i.e., low ENS density). Testing this hypothesis has been difficult because counting enteric neurons in tissue sections is unreliable even for experts...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the postoperative complication rate and local recurrence rate of apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA) in dogs surgically treated with a modified closed anal sacculectomy technique between 2015 and 2022. STUDY DESIGN: Observational clinical retrospective study. ANIMAL POPULATION: Forty-seven client-owned dogs histologically diagnosed with AGASACA. METHODS: Medical records were evaluated for patient demographics and history, physical examination findings, diagnostic imaging, incidence of concurrent neoplasia, postoperative complications, and incidence and time to local recurrence...

Adding PD-1 blockade in the neoadjuvant regimens for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) / mismatch repair-proficient (pMMR) tumors is an attractive, but debatable strategy. This phase 2, multicenter, prospective, single-arm study enrolled patients from 6 centers from June 2021 to November 2022. Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC, cT3-4a N0 M0 and cT1-4a N1-2 M0 ) patients aged ≥18 years with the distance from distal border of tumor to anal verge ≤10 cm (identified by Magnetic Resonance Imaging) were qualified for inclusion...