Hordeum AND Drought

To map the genomic regions and control chlorophyll fluorescence attributes under normal, salinity-, and drought-stress conditions in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) at the seedling stage, an experiment was conducted in 2019-2020 using 106 F8 lines resulting from the cross between Badia × Kavir. Initially, the different chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were evaluated. Under drought stress, the highest decrease was related to REo/CSm (59.56%), and the highest increase was related to dV/dto (77.17%). Also, under salinity stress, the highest decrease was related to Fv/Fo (59...

BACKGROUND: Drought is a major environmental stress that affects crop productivity worldwide. Although previous research demonstrated links between strigolactones (SLs) and drought, here we used barley (Hordeum vulgare) SL-insensitive mutant hvd14 (dwarf14) to scrutinize the SL-dependent mechanisms associated with water deficit response. RESULTS: We have employed a combination of transcriptomics, proteomics, phytohormonomics analyses, and physiological data to unravel differences between wild-type and hvd14 plants under drought...

Residual transpiration (RT) is defined as a loss of water through the leaf cuticle while stomata are closed. Reduced RT might be a potentially valuable trait for improving plant performance under water deficit conditions imposed by either drought or salinity. Due to the presence of stomata on the leaf surface, it is technically challenging to measure RT. RT has been estimated by the water loss through either astomatous leaf surface or isolated astomatous cuticular layers. This approach is not suitable for all species (e...

Enhancing the water-use efficiency (WUE) of barley cultivars may safeguard yield deficits during periods of low rainfall. Reduced stomatal density is linked to enhanced WUE, leading to improved drought resistance across plant genera. In this study, 10 barley varieties exhibiting a range of stomatal density phenotypes were grown under differing soil water contents to determine whether stomatal density influences the capacity of genotypes to resist low water availability. The low-stomatal-density genotype Hindmarsh showed the least impact on biomass production during early development, with a 37...

Plants respond to drought by the major reprogramming of gene expression, enabling the plant to survive this threatening environmental condition. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) serves as a crucial upstream signal, inducing this multifaceted process. This report investigated the drought response in barley plants ( Hordeum vulgare , cv. Morex) at both the epigenome and transcriptome levels. After a ten-day drought period, during which the soil water content was reduced by about 35%, the relative chlorophyll content, as well as the photosystem II efficiency of the barley leaves, decreased by about 10%...

INTRODUCTION: During drought, plants close their stomata at a critical soil water content (SWC), together with making diverse physiological, developmental, and biochemical responses. METHODS: Using precision-phenotyping lysimeters, we imposed pre-flowering drought on four barley varieties (Arvo, Golden Promise, Hankkija 673, and Morex) and followed their physiological responses. For Golden Promise, we carried out RNA-seq on leaf transcripts before and during drought and during recovery, also examining retrotransposon BARE 1expression...

Drought stress inducing pollen sterility can reduce crop yield worldwide. The regulatory crosstalk associated with the effects of drought on pollen formation at the cellular level has not been explored in detail so far. In this study, we performed morphological and cytoembryological analysis of anther perturbations and examined pollen development in two spring barley genotypes that differ in earliness and drought tolerance. The Syrian breeding line CamB (drought-tolerant) and the European cultivar Lubuski (drought-sensitive) were used as experimental materials to analyze the drought-induced changes in yield performance, chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics, the pollen grain micromorphology and ultrastructure during critical stages of plant development...

Drought stress can significantly affect plant growth and development. Biochar (BC) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been found to increase plant fertility and development under drought conditions. The single effects of BC and PGPR in different plant species have been widely reported under abiotic stress. However, there have been relatively few studies on the positive role of PGPR, BC, and their combination in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). Therefore, the current study investigated the effects of BC from Parthenium hysterophorus , drought tolerant PGPR ( Serratia odorifera ), and the combination of BC + PGPR on the growth, physiology, and biochemical traits of barley plants under drought stress for two weeks...

Drought stress poses a serious threat to crop production worldwide. Genes encoding homocysteine methyltransferase (HMT) have been identified in some plant species in response to abiotic stress, but its molecular mechanism in plant drought tolerance remains unclear. Here, transcriptional profiling, evolutionary bioinformatics, and population genetics were conducted to obtain insight into the involvement of HvHMT2 from Tibetan wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. agriocrithon) in drought tolerance. We then performed genetic transformation coupled with physio-biochemical dissection and comparative multi-omics approaches to determine the function of this protein and the underlying mechanism of HvHMT2-mediated drought tolerance...

Proline-rich extensin-like receptor kinases (PERKs) play a crucial role in a wide range of biological processes in plants. In model plants like Arabidopsis, the PERK gene family has been well investigated. Conversely, no information available on the PERK gene family and their biological functions largely remained unknown in rice. This study analyzed the basic physicochemical properties, phylogeny, gene structure, cis-acting elements, Gene ontology (GO) annotation and protein-protein interaction of OsPERK gene family members using various bioinformatics tools based on the whole-genome data of O...

Seed germination and seedling growth are highly sensitive to deficit moisture and temperature stress. This study was designed to investigate barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds' germination and seedling growth under conditions of abiotic stresses. Constant temperature levels of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C were used for the germination test. Drought and waterlogging stresses using 30 different water levels were examined using two methods: either based at 1 milliliter intervals or, on the other hand, as percentages of thousand kernel weight (TKW)...

UNLABELLED: Gibberellic Acid-Stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) proteins are present in various plants and have a role in plant growth, stress responses, and hormone crosstalk. GASA coding sequences in barley were discovered in this study. We then investigated gene and protein structure, physicochemical characteristics, evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships, promoter region, post-translational modification, and in silico gene expression. Finally, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to examine the expression of GASA genes in root and shoot tissues under drought stress...

WHIRLY1, a small plant-specific ssDNA-binding protein, dually located in chloroplasts and the nucleus, is discussed to act as a retrograde signal transmitting a stress signal from the chloroplast to the nucleus and triggering there a stress-related gene expression. In this work, we investigated the function of WHIRLY1 in the drought stress response of barley, employing two overexpression lines (oeW1-2 and oeW1-15). The overexpression of WHIRLY1 delayed the drought-stress-related onset of senescence in primary leaves...

Increasing crop productivity under optimal conditions and mitigating yield losses under stressful conditions is a major challenge in contemporary agriculture. We have recently identified an effective anti-senescence compound (MTU, [1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5yl)urea]) in in vitro studies. Here, we show that MTU delayed both age- and stress-induced senescence of wheat plants ( Triticum aestivum L.) by enhancing the abundance of PSI supercomplex with LHCa antennae (PSI-LHCa) and promoting the cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI...

Many studies proposed the use of stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13 C) as a predictor of abiotic stresses in plants, considering only drought and nitrogen deficiency without further investigating the impact of other nutrient deficiencies, that is, phosphorus (P) and/or iron (Fe) deficiencies. To fill this knowledge gap, we assessed the δ13 C of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.), cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.), maize ( Zea mays L.), and tomato ( Solanum lycopersicon L.) plants suffering from P, Fe, and combined P/Fe deficiencies during a two-week period using an isotope-ratio mass spectrometer...

Impacts of nine heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, K, Fe, Mn, and Zn) contamination in irrigation water on the soil, shoots, and roots of barely were investigated. Due to freshwater shortages, the use of available and inexpensive urban wastewater with input from local industrial factories containing heavy metals in irrigation is still practiced in the Middle East including Palestine. Barely was grown in plastic pots filled with sandy soil irrigated with simulated treated wastewater during two growing seasons...

Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) is the second most consumed and cultivated cereal by the Moroccan population. However, it is predicted that frequent drought periods, caused by climate change, can cause problems in plant growth. Thus, the selection of drought-tolerant barley cultivars is essential to ensure the security of barley's needs. We aimed to screen drought stress tolerance in Moroccan barley cultivars. We tested the drought tolerance of nine Moroccan barley cultivars ('Adrar', 'Amalou', 'Amira', 'Firdaws', 'Laanaceur', 'Massine', 'Oussama', 'Taffa', and 'Tamellalt') based on physiological and biochemical parameters...

The green revolution was based on genetic modification of the gibberellin (GA) hormone system with "dwarfing" gene mutations that reduces GA signals, conferring shorter stature, thus enabling plant adaptation to modern farming conditions. Strong GA-related mutants with shorter stature often have reduced coleoptile length, discounting yield gain due to their unsatisfactory seedling emergence under drought conditions. Here we present gibberellin (GA) 3-oxidase1 (GA3ox1) as an alternative semi-dwarfing gene in barley that combines an optimal reduction in plant height without restricting coleoptile and seedling growth...

Metal-tolerance proteins (MTPs) are divalent cation transporters that play critical roles in metal tolerance and ion homeostasis in plants. However, a comprehensive study of MTPs is still lacking in crop plants. The current study aimed to comprehensively identify and characterize the MTP gene family in barley (Hordeum vulgare, Hv), an important crop. In total, 12 HvMTPs were identified in the barley genome in this study. They were divided into three phylogenetic groups (Zn-cation diffusion facilitator proteins [CDFs], Fe/Zn-CDFs, and Mn-CDFs) and further subdivided into seven groups (G1, G5, G6, G7, G8, G9, and G12)...

High seed quality is key to agricultural production, which is increasingly affected by climate change. We studied the effects of drought and elevated temperature during seed production on key seed quality traits of two genotypes of malting barley ( Hordeum sativum L.). Plants of a "Hana-type" landrace (B1) were taller, flowered earlier and produced heavier, larger and more vigorous seeds that resisted ageing longer compared to a semi-dwarf breeding line (B2). Accordingly, a NAC domain-containing transcription factor (TF) associated with rapid response to environmental stimuli, and the TF ABI5, a key regulator of seed dormancy and vigour, were more abundant in B1 seeds...